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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on the depolarization currents stimulated by variations of temperature or pressure
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 53 (1992), S. 1007-1011 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3697
    Keywords: Thermally stimulated depolarization currents ; ionic thermocurrents ; migration enthalpy ; migration entropy ; pressure stimulated currents
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-3697(92)90069-P
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ITC studies of relaxation phenomena in CaF"2: Gd^3^+ crystals
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 53 (1992), S. 249-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3697
    Keywords: CaF"2:Gd^3^+ ; Ionic thermocurrent ; relaxation processes ; thermally stimulated depolarization currents
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-3697(92)90052-F
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water in Hydrogels Studied by Dielectric, Thermal and Water Sorption/Diffusion Techniques (2000)
    Springer
    Subsurface sensing technologies and applications 1 (2000), S. 417-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9317
    Keywords: hydrogels ; dielectric aquametry ; water sorption/diffusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Several results obtained by the authors in recent years in the investigation of polymer–water interactions and of the state of water in hydrogels based on poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) are briefly reviewed and discussed. The systems investigated include PHEA homopolymers, composites and interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs). The techniques employed for the investigation include density measurements, water sorption/diffusion techniques, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), broadband dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) and thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) techniques. The composites and the IPNs are microphase-separated systems and the PHEA fraction in them behaves essentially like pure PHEA. Several correlations, as well as distinct differences, were observed and discussed between the results obtained by the various techniques. The combination of the dielectric DRS and TSDC techniques makes dielectric aquametry a powerful tool for investigations of hydrogels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026563531844
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retinoblastoma—origin from a primitive neuroectodermal cell? (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 307 (1984), S. 471-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Monolayers of Y-79 cells were obtained in dishes precoated with poly-D-lysine and fibronectin and kept in both serum-supplemented and serum-free defined media12. N6,O12-dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (dbcAMP) was added to some dishes with serum-supplemented media12. Cells growing in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/307471a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overexpression of E2F‐1 in glioma triggers apoptosis and suppresses tumor growth in vitro and in vivo (1998)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 4 (1998), S. 685-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The transfer of apoptosis genes to tumors is one of the most promising strategies for cancer gene therapy. We have shown that massive apoptosis occurs when wild-type p53 expression is induced in glioma cells carrying a p53 gene mutation. However, adenovirus-mediated p53 gene transfer is ineffective ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0698-685
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutritional values of trace elements in dried desserts (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 217 (1997), S. 209-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Desserts are the most aromatic and delicious parts of meals, and also a source of nutrient trace elements for the human body. In this work, instrumental neutron activation analysis has been applied to determine the trace elements antimony, chromium, cobalt, iron, manganese, potassium, rubidium, scandium, sodium and zinc in creme caramel, ice-creams, jellies and mousse dried desserts from the Greek market. According to our results, their classification as nutrient trace element sources for the human body is: mousse〉ice-cream〉creme caramel〉jelly. Among the different studied flavours, chocolate and its derivatives are the richest in nutrient trace elements. Moreover, the consumption of one portion of a chocolate mousse dessert can offer to the human body about 60% of the daily required chromium, 40% of the daily required iron, 10% of the daily required manganese and potassium and 4% of the daily required sodium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02034445
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depolarization thermocurrent studies in poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate)/water hydrogels (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 1001-1008 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: hydrogels ; water in poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) ; dielectric relaxation ; thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) ; glass transition ; space charge polarization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Detailed investigations on the dielectric relaxation mechanisms in poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA), by means of the thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) method in the temperature range 77-300 K are reported. There is particular interest in the dependence of the dielectric relaxation mechanisms on the water content h, h = 0 - 0.5 w/w, in an attempt to contribute to a better understanding of the physical structure of water in the PHEA hydrogels. We employ thermal sampling (TS) and partial heating (PH) techniques to experimentally analyze the observed complex relaxation processes, due to the secondary (βsw) and the main (α) relaxation, into approximately single responses and to determine the spectra of activation energies E(T) at different h values. Measurements with different electrode configurations reveal different aspects of the dynamics of the relaxation mechanisms and allow the distinction between dipolar and conductivity relaxation contributions. It is shown that by means of these techniques we can determine certain temperature characteristics for the α relaxation and investigate their dependence on water content. We discuss the relation of these characteristic temperatures to the calorimetric glass transition temperature Tg. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1994.090320605
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water effects in polyurethane block copolymers (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 1529-1539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polyurethane block copolymers ; water sorption ; diffusion ; dielectric relaxation spectroscopy ; plasticization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Equilibrium and dynamic sorption isotherm measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, and, mainly, dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) measurements by means of the thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) method were used to investigate the hydration properties of linear segmented polyurethane copolymers. Three types of samples were investigated with various fractions of hard and soft block segments. They were based on polyethylene adipate (PEA), 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO). At 20°C the water content h of the samples at various values of relative humidity rh increases in proportion to the weight fraction of soft block segments phase. At saturation (rh = 100%) the ratio of sorbed water molecules to polar carbonyl polyester groups is 0.13. At saturation at 20°C there is no fraction of freezable water. The glass transition temperature, Tg, measured by DSC and by TSDC, shifts to lower temperature with increasing h by about 8-10 K at saturation at 20°C. A dielectric relaxation mechanism related to interfacial polarization in the phase-separated morphology is also plasticized by water in a way similar to that observed for the main (α) relaxation. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric studies of polymer-water interactions and water organization in PEO/water systems (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 1545-1560 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: PEO/water system ; dielectric relaxation ; secondary γ mechanism ; plasticization ; freezable water ; phase separation ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: We report the results of detailed investigations of polymer-water interactions and of the organization of water in the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/water system by dielectric techniques. They include thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) techniques in the temperature range of 77-300 K and broadband dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) techniques of frequencies, 5 Hz-10 GHz, and temperatures, 173-300 K. The water content h was varied between 0 and 1.21 (grams of water per gram of dry PEO). The secondary γ mechanism of PEO and the reorientation of absorbed water molecules were extensively studied. The γ mechanism was found to be plasticized up to water contents of about 0.20. The reorientation of water molecules was studied in three different experiments and frequency/temperature regions. The results suggest strong interactions in the PEO/water system and indicate the presence of a separate water phase at high water contents. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 1545-1560, 1997
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy in poly(hydroxyethyl acrylates)/water hydrogels (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 1737-1750 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) hydrogels ; dielectric relaxation ; conductivity, complex impedance, and electric modulus ; electrode polarization ; fragility ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The electrical and dielectric properties of poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate), PHEA, hydrogels were studied by means of dielectric relaxation spectroscopy in wide ranges of frequencies (5-2 × 109 Hz), temperatures (173-363 K) and water contents (0.065-0.46, g of water per gram of dry material). The secondary dipolar mechanisms (γ and βsw) and the dc conductivity mechanism were studied in detail by analyzing the dielectric susceptibility data within the complex permittivity formalism, the modulus formalism, and the complex impedance formalism. For both mechanisms molecular mobility was found to increase with increasing temperature or increasing water content (T-f-h superposition principle). The energy parameters and the shape parameters of the response were determined for both mechanisms at several water contents and temperatures. The temperature dependence of dc conductivity was found to change from Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) type to Arrhenius type at water contents of ca. 0.30. At water contents lower than about 0.30 the hydrogels are homogeneous whereas at higher water contents a separate water phase appears. In terms of the strong/fragile classification scheme our results suggest that the PHEA hydrogels are fragile systems. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1995.090331205
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