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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 194 (1993), S. 683-690 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Genomics 22 (1994), S. 462-464 
    ISSN: 0888-7543
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In order to better understand the role of antioxidant enzymes in plant stress protection mechanisms, transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) plants were developed that overexpress both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in chloroplasts. These plants were evaluated for protection against methyl viologen (MV, paraquat)-mediated oxidative damage both in leaf discs and whole plants. Transgenic plants that express either chloroplast-targeted CuZnSOD (C) or MnSOD (M) and APX (A) were developed (referred to as CA plants and AM plants, respectively). These plant lines were crossed to produce plants that express all three transgenes (CMA plants and AMC plants). These plants had higher total APX and SOD activities than non-transgenic (NT) plants and exhibit novel APX and SOD isoenzymes not detected in NT plants. As expected, transgenic plants that expressed single SODs showed levels of protection from MV that were only slightly improved compared to NT plants. The expression of either SOD isoform along with APX led to increased protection while expression of both SODs and APX provided the highest levels of protection against membrane damage in leaf discs and visual symptoms in whole plants.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 1745-1748 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Chilling ; Peroxidase cDNAs ; Suspension-cultured cells ; Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) ; Wounding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two peroxidase (POD) cDNAs, swpa1 and swpn1, were isolated and characterized from suspension-cultured cells of sweet potato in order to understand the physiological function of POD isozymes. Sequence analysis showed that swpa1 encoded an anionic POD and swpn1 encoded a neutral POD. The swpa1 and swpn1 genes were both highly expressed in suspension-cultured cells in accordance with the high POD activity of these cells. Although both gene transcripts were detected in the stems of intact plants, their transcription levels were much lower than in suspension-cultured cells. During cell growth the pattern of mRNA accumulation of swpa1 differed from that of swpn1, suggesting that expression of these genes is differentially regulated by cell growth stage. In addition, the swpa1 and swpn1 genes responded differently to oxidative stress induced by chilling. The expression of swpa1 was weakly induced by 15° C acclimation and strongly induced by 4° C chilling, whereas the mRNA level of swpn1 was increased by 15° C acclimation and reduced by 4° C chilling. This indicates that the two isozymes encoded by swpa1 and swpn1 might contribute to protection against cold-induced oxidative stress through different signaling pathways. In leaves, both genes were induced by wounding with broadly similar expression patterns. Genomic analysis suggests that the two isozymes are encoded by different loci in the sweet potato genome.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Cassava (Manihot esculenta) ; Chemical stress ; Environmental stress ; Oxidative stress ; Superoxide dismutase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA, mSOD1, encoding cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) was cloned and characterized from cell cultures of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) which produce a high yield of SOD. mSOD1 encodes a 152-amino acid polypeptide with a pI value of 5.84. Southern analysis using an mSOD1-specific probe indicated that a single copy of the mSOD1 gene is present in the cassava genome. The mSOD1 gene is highly expressed in cultured cells, as well as in intact stems and tuberous roots. It is expressed at a low level in leaves and petioles. Transcripts of mSOD1 were not detected in nontuberous roots. Transcriptional level of mSOD1 reaches a high level at stationary phase, and then sharply decreases during further culture. In excised cassava leaves, the mSOD1 gene responded to various stresses in different ways. The stresses tested included changes in temperature and exposure to stress-inducing chemicals. Levels of mSOD1 transcript increased dramatically a few hours after heat stress at 37° C and showed a synergistic effect with wounding stress. Levels decreased in response to chilling stress at 4° C and showed an antagonistic effect with wounding stress. The gene was induced by abscisic acid, ethephon, NaCl, sucrose, and methyl viologen. These results indicate that the mSOD1 gene is involved in the response to oxidative stress induced by environmental change.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Peroxidase cDNAs ; Suspension cultures ; Environmental stress ; Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two cDNAs for anionic peroxidase (PODs), swpa2 and swpa3, were isolated from suspension cultures of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), and their expression was investigated with a view to understanding the physiological function of PODs in relation to environmental stresses. Swpa2 (whose putative mature protein product would have a pI value of 4.1) and swpa3 (4.3) encode polypeptides of 358 and 349 amino acids, respectively. The genes from which they were derived are predominantly expressed in cultured cells of sweet potato; transcripts of swpa2 were not detected in any tissues of the intact plant, and transcripts of swpa3 were detected at a low level only in the stem tissue. During cell culture, the expression patterns of the two genes differed; the level of swpa2 RNA progressively increased during cell growth, whereas that of swpa3 reached a maximum at the stationary phase and decreased on further culture. The two genes responded differently to stresses such as wounding or chilling of leaves. Swpa2 was strongly induced 48 h after wounding, but swpa3 was not affected by this treatment. The two genes were also highly expressed upon chilling (4° C), but expression was reduced by prior acclimation at 15° C. In addition, both genes were strongly induced immediately after treatment with ozone, and expression had decreased to the basal level 12 h after treatment. The response of these two genes to stresses such as aging, wounding, and chilling are different from those of the POD genes (swpa1 encoding an anionic product and swpn1 a neutral peroxidase) that we described previously. The responses of the two genes were also different from each other. These results suggest that the two new POD genes are involved in overcoming oxidative environmental stress, and each POD gene may be regulated by cell growth and environmental stress in different ways.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 63 (1993), S. 210-218 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Übersicht Zunächst wird ein kurzer Überblich über veröffentlichte Analysen verwandter Probleme gegeben. Für den Fall einer konzentrierten Last an einem beliebigen Punkt der Platte wird dann die Lösung hergeleitet. Wie in den erwähnten Arbeiten liegt dieser Analyse die lineare Biegetheorie dünner Platten zugrunde. Für das Lösungsverfahren verwendet man die Greensche Funktion für die unendliche Platte in geschlossener Form, in Verbindung mit der Fourierschen Integral Methode. Der Vorteil dieses Ansatzes ist die Darstellung der charakteristischen Verformung der Platte in der Umgebung der Last durch die Greensche Funktion, die die richtige Singularität besitzt, wohingegen die anderen Terme die Korrektur für den freien Rand darstellen. Zur Veranschaulichung der analytischen Lösung werden Durchsenkungen und Biegemomentverteilungen berechnet und graphisch dargestellt.
    Notes: Summary At first, a brief review of published analyzes for related problems is presented. Then a new solution is derived for the case when plate is subjected to a concentrated force at any point on the plate. As in the reviewed papers, the analysis is based on the linear bending theory of thin plates. The solution procedure utilizes the closed-form Green's function for the infinite plate, in conjunction with the Fourier integral method. The advantage of the present approach is that the characteristic response of the plate near the load is represented by the closed-form Green's function which contains the proper singularity, whereas the other terms represent the correction due to the free edge. To study the mechanical features of the problem under consideration, deflection profiles and bending moment distributions were calculated and are presented as graphs.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 3809-3812 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Reaction-bonded silicon nitride (RBSN) samples were fabricated via a low-pressure injection-moulding technique. Sample batches of 58, 68, and 70 vol % silicon solids loading were moulded using a multicomponent, nonaqueous binder. These samples were analysed in terms of their nitrided bulk density, flexural strength, and microstructure. Bulk densities of 2.9 g cm−3 (91% theoretical density) and three-point moduli of rupture in excess of 304 MPa (44×103 p.s.i.) were achieved. These results indicate a potential use of low-pressure injection moulding as a forming technique for the fabrication of RBSN components.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 38 (1988), S. R31 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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