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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micronecking operative during crazing in polymer glasses (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 26 (1993), S. 1767-1773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00059a042
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macro- vs microphase separation in copolymer/homopolymer mixtures (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 26 (1993), S. 2860-2865 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00063a034
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Force microscopy of stretched polymer glasses (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 24 (1991), S. 6800-6802 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00025a042
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphologies of discontinuous gold films on amorphous polymer substrates (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 4458-4460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze the effects of annealing treatments on the morphologies of discontinuous gold films evaporated onto polystyrene or poly(2-vinylpyridine) substrates. For polystyrene substrates the average size of discrete gold particles increases significantly during a long-term annealing treatment at 179 °C. The size distribution is well approximated by a log normal distribution function, consistent with a coalescence mechanism for particle growth. The fluid character of the polymer substrates at the annealing temperature of interest allows us to control this coalescence rate, thereby providing a unique method for controlling the microstructure of discontinuous metal films. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy showed that the coalescence rate for gold particles in a poly(2-vinylpyridine) matrix is much less than the coalescence rate for gold particles in a polystyrene matrix, indicating that polymer/metal interactions play an important role in the determination of the coalescence rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352362
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light scattering from nonionic surfactants of the sugar-lipid hybrid type in aqueous solution (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 93 (1989), S. 1428-1434 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100341a050
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature-dependent neutron powder diffraction study of the Ba(OD)2 polymorphs: a new low-temperature phase (2001)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. 747-758 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The structural behaviour of both low-temperature β- and high-temperature α-Ba(OD)2, barium dihydroxide-d, was investigated at temperatures between 10 and 552 K by neutron powder diffraction. While the β phase (P21/n) remains stable to the lowest temperature investigated, the quenchable α phase (Pnma) shows a reversible orthorhombic-to-monoclinic phase transition between 100 and 150 K. The structure of the new αm phase (P21/n) is quite similar to that of the α phase. This behaviour is unusual as a metastable phase transforms to another metastable phase. The Pnma ↔ P21/n low-temperature phase transition is driven by an order–disorder mechanism, mainly caused by one of the D atoms, which is disordered on positions off the mirror plane, mimicking a special position on the mirror plane in the orthorhombic phase. Refinements of the α phase above the phase transition indicate this disorder across the mirror plane through a conspicuously high isotropic displacement parameter if compared to the other D atoms. At low temperature the energy of the vibration is lowered and the D atom is frozen at a general position in a correlated way, thus violating the mirror plane and reducing the space-group symmetry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768101013647
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-range Coulomb forces and localized bonds (1999)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 698-711 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The ionic model is shown to be applicable to all compounds in which the atoms carry a net charge and their electron density is spherically symmetric regardless of the covalent character of the bonding. By examining the electric field generated by an array of point charges placed at the positions of the ions in over 40 inorganic compounds, we show that the Coulomb field naturally partitions itself into localized regions (bonds) which are characterized by the electric flux that links neighbouring ions of opposite charge. This flux is identified with the bond valence, and Gauss' law with the valence-sum rule, providing a secure theoretical foundation for the bond-valence model. The localization of the Coulomb field provides an unambiguous definition of coordination number and our calculations show that, in addition to the expected primary coordination sphere, there are a number of weak bonds between cations and the anions in the second coordination sphere. Long-range Coulomb interactions are transmitted through the crystal by the application of Gauss' law at each of the intermediate atoms. Bond fluxes have also been calculated for compounds containing ions with non-spherical electron densities (e.g. cations with stereoactive lone electron pairs). In these cases the point-charge model continues to describe the distant field, but multipoles must be added to the point charges to give the correct local field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768199003961
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Hunt for Hydrogen in the High-Pressure Phase of Ca(OH)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and Ca(OD)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉: Neutrons Versus X-Rays (2004)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 443-444 (Jan. 2004), p. 341-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A recent measurement on the high-pressure phase of Ca(OH)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 using high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction has been carried out on a hydrogenated sample at high-temperature. It complements an earlier time-of-flight neutron measurement carried out in the US on a deuterated sample at low temperature. The two protons are found by Rietveld refinement using a new suitable non-Fourier based strategy, for which GSAS and FullProf yield very similar results.Our X-ray result agrees with the previous neutron study for one proton site only, prompting us to reinvestigate the neutron data. A second new and distinct non Fourier-based strategy coupled with GSAS is used to tackle the latter data and indeed confirms the US results. Whilst the reasons for this X-Ray vs Neutron discrepancy can only be guessed at this stage, the use of the two relatedproton-finding strategies could be extended beyond our specific study
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/07/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.443-444.341.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    P-T-X data on P21/c-clinopyroxenes and their displacive phase transitions (2000)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 138 (2000), S. 35-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The P21/c clinopyroxene kanoite (ideally MnMgSi2O6) was studied as a function of pressure and temperature using powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical methods. The temperature of the P21/c to high-temperature (HT) C2/c transition ranges from 425 °C in endmember MnMgSi2O6 to 125 °C in natural samples with an aegirine component. Compiling pigeonite and clinoenstatite–clinoferrosilite literature data, the temperature of the transformation was found to decrease linearly with M2 cation size. A synchrotron powder diffraction study in a heated diamond-anvil cell (DAC) yielded compression and thermal expansion data for low kanoite of composition Mn1.2Mg0.4Fe0.4Si2O6. The high-pressure (HP) phase transition from P21/c to HPC2/c was reversed at 5.8 GPa at 417 °C. The high-temperature phase transition from P21/c to HTC2/c was rather indistinct and occurred at approximately 530 °C and 0.76 GPa. In a separate experiment, the HT transition was observed optically in a hydrothermal DAC between 0.0 and 0.4 GPa. The in-situP-T data of both experiments yielded an increase in transition temperature with increasing pressure (approx. 149 °C/GPa) and suggest a change in character of the transition from first order to continuous with increasing pressure. The data indicate that the HTC2/c and HPC2/c polymorphs are distinct phases with different stability fields. Since the high-temperature and the high-pressure polymorphs of kanoite were shown to be isotypic with other low-Ca clinopyroxenes such as the (Mg,Fe)SiO3 series, the conclusions we draw from this study are valid for all clinopyroxenes with small (〈0.88 Å) M1 and M2 cation sizes. The petrologic implications of these conclusions for the occurrence of “clinoenstatite” in the Alpe Arami peridotite are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007660
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Site occupation and electric field gradient in acentric neptunite-measurements and evaluations concerning powder- and single crystal – Mössbauer spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometry (1997)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 24 (1997), S. 2-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  Mössbauer measurements on neptunite (KNa2Li(Fe,Mn,Mg)2Ti2Si8O24) at 400 K reveal the distribution of Fe-ions on the crystallographic sites in agreement with neutron diffraction results published elsewhere. Even the previously postulated small amount of Fe-ions on the Ti(2) site has been detected, combined with a charge transfer which is in agreement with optical absorption investigations by other authors. A qualitative site occupation model is able to explain the different features of our observations. Single crystal Mössbauer measurements with the k-vector of incident γ-rays parallel to the crystallographic b-axis (space group Cc) of neptunite at different temperatures yield the angle β between the main component of the electric field gradient (EFG), V zz and b. This angle is in close accordance with a calculated value of β for the Fe(1) position from electron density maps. The latter also reveal an absolute value of V zz which is in satisfactory agreement with V zz derived from Mössbauer spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002690050011
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