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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of H− ions with addition of cesium or xenon to a hydrogen discharge in a small multicusp ion source (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 3424-3428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect on H− ion production by adding cesium or xenon to a hydrogen discharge, in a small magnetically filtered multicusp ion source, has been investigated. Addition of cesium vapor to the hydrogen discharge resulted in a factor of 16 increase in H− output relative to the uncesiated discharge for the same operating parameters. Likewise, the addition of xenon gas to a hydrogen discharge resulted in a factor of 2.7 increase in H− output over pure hydrogen operation at optimum H2 source pressure, while maintaining the same arc parameters. Operation of the source with the plasma electrode at optimum bias voltage was essential to obtain this result.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341498
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of H− production from a small multicusp ion source (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 531-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A small multicusp source has been developed to generate volume-produced H− ion beams in pulsed operation. To obtain high H− current densities (J−〉250 mA/cm2), this source requires relatively high gas pressure and high discharge power. Experiments have been conducted to improve the arc and gas efficiencies, the beam pulse shape, and the H− to electron ratio in the extracted beam by optimizing the filter magnetic field, the thickness and axial position of the extraction aperture in the plasma electrode, and by mixing xenon or other elements with hydrogen in the discharge. The biggest improvement is achieved by adding cesium to the source, resulting in a fivefold increase in the extractable H− current and a substantial drop in the e/H− ratio. In order to improve the lifetime of the cathode, both filament and coaxial type LaB6 cathodes have been developed and have been operated successfully in this H− source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140359
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    VUV laser absorption spectrometer system for measurement of H0 density and temperature in a plasma (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1363-1368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A system to determine the density and temperature of ground-state hydrogen atoms in a hydrogen plasma by measurement of the absorption of Lyman-beta or Lyman-gamma radiation is described. The Lyman-series radiation is generated by resonant four-wave sum-frequency mixing in mercury vapor. A wide range of hydrogen atom densities can be measured by employing these two transitions. A sample measurement on a H− ion-source discharge is presented. Extensions to Lyman-alpha and other vacuum-ultraviolet wavelengths are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139723
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic hydrogen density measurements in an ion source plasma using a VUV absorption spectrometer (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1479-1481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A system to determine the density and temperature of ground-state hydrogen atoms in a plasma by vacuum ultraviolet laser-absorption spectroscopy is described. The continuous tunability of the spectrometer allows for analysis at any of the Lyman transitions. The narrow bandwidth of the laser source allows for the accurate determination of the hydrogen absorption line shape and, hence, the translational temperature. The utility of the system is exemplified by data obtained on an ion source plasma. The measurements show the quality of the data as well as illustrating the behavior of these sources under varying discharge conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139693
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small multicusp H− source (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 453-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: High-quality H− beams have been generated from a multicusp source equipped with a permanent magnet filter. It is shown that a large improvement in H− yield can be achieved by employing a small multicusp source, fabricated with the proper wall material and extraction chamber length. From this small source, H− current densities higher than 250 mA/cm2 have been extracted from a 1-mm-diam aperture for a discharge voltage of 150 V and a discharge current of 450 A. When the source is operated with deuterium, the extractable negative ion current density is reduced by approximately 30%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139859
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    H− production in a small multicusp ion source with addition of barium (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 210-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect on H− production by adding barium to a hydrogen discharge, in a small magnetically filtered multicusp ion source, has been investigated. It is found that the addition of barium can increase the H− output by a factor of 30. A strong dependence of H− output on the temperature of the ion source wall has also been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101011
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SOIL STABILIZATION (1964)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 56 (1964), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50652a005
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling of H− surface conversion sources; binary (H-Ba) and ternary (H-Cs/W) converter arrangements (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 2575-2583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The production process for the formation of H− ions in a surface conversion source is sputtering of hydrogen atoms from the converter surface layers by incident positive ions, followed by electron attachment via resonant charge exchange with the converter surface. The sputtering process is in direct relation to the converter surface composition. New experimental data led us to identify two different classes of converters: metallic converters, like solid barium(binary) and adlayer converters, like cesium on tungsten (ternary). For a binary converter the hydrogen in the surface layers is directly sputtered by the incoming ions. Consequently, the negative ion yield scales with the hydrogen concentration in the surface layers. In the cesium/tungsten system (ternary) the hydrogen at the surface is believed to be sandwiched between the cesium adlayer and the tungsten surface. Hence, the negative ion yield scales with the sputter coefficient of hydrogen on adsorbed cesium. This is experimentally confirmed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349365
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma-generator-induced effects on the dynamics of a negative-ion surface conversion source (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 3485-3493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The production of H− ions at a barium, magnesium, strontium, molybdenum, and lanthanum-hexaboride converter immersed in a hydrogen plasma have been investigated for pulsed and dc discharges. The scaling of the negative-ion output with incident positive-ion current on the converter depends greatly on the actual geometry and type of plasma generator. A less than linear scaling is observed in a multicusp system using filaments or rf to generate the discharge. A more than linear scaling is obtained in a configuration where the filament and the converter are separated by a permanent-magnet filter. For a rf plasma generator, there is a pronounced optimum in the relative position of antenna and converter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348489
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of a compact microwave ion source (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 1531-1535 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A small microwave ion source has been fabricated from a quartz tube with one end enclosed by a two-grid accelerator. The source is also enclosed by a cavity operated at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. Microwave power as high as 500 W can be coupled to the source plasma. The source has been operated with different geometries and for various gases in a cw mode. For hydrogen, ion current density of 200 mA/cm2 with atomic species concentration as high as 80% has been extracted from the source. It has been demonstrated that low-energy oxygen ion beams can also be extracted from the source. Beam-energy spread has been measured to be less than 1 eV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139197
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