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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Verluste infolge Korrosion in der Chemieindustrie der ČSSR (1975)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 767-775 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Losses due to corrosion in the chemical industry of the CSSROn the basis of the losses determined for 1968 the losses to be expected by the chemical industry of Czechoslovakia by maintenance costs (failure removal and repair) maybe estimated at 4 to 17%, and the production losses following failures at 4 to 26% in 1978. These factors are analyzed for certain specific areas of maintenance, and in particular 1. annual costs due to paint work required because of corrosion; 2, annual costs due to exchange of corroded installations; 3. annual costs of repair work on installations shut down because of corrosion; 4. annual costs of maintenance of corroded installations; 5. annual costs of corrosion protection by inhibitors; 6. annual losses due to production losses following downtime of installations because of corrosion; 7. annual costs of cathodic protection; 8. annual costs due to production losses arising from unforeseeable repair work on corroded installations.
    Notes: Ausgehend von den für 1968 ermittelten Werten können die der chemischen Industrie der Tschechoslowakei entstehenden Verluste durch Instandhaltungskosten (Schadensbeseitigung und Reparaturen) mit 4 bis 17% und die Produktionsverluste im Anschluß an Schadensfälle mit 4 bis 26% im Jahre 1978 angesetzt werden. Diese Faktoren werden für einige spezifische Bereiche der Instandhaltung untersucht, und zwar 1, jährliche Kosten der infolge von Korrosion erforderlichen Anstricharbeiten; 2. jährliche Kosten durch Austausch korrodierter Anlagen; 3. jährliche Kosten der Reparaturen von durch Korrosion ausgefallenen Anlagen; 4. jährliche Kosten der Instandhaltung und Wartung von korrodierten Anlagen; 5, jährliche Kosten des Korrosionsschutzes durch Inhibitoren; 6. jährliche Verluste bedingt durch Produktionsausfälle im Anschluß an Anlagenschäden durch Korrosion; 7, jährliche Kosten des kathodischen Schutzes; 8, jährliche Kosten infolge von Produktionsverlusten in Verbindung mit unvorhergesehenen Reparaturen korrodierter Anlagen.
    Additional Material: 18 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19750261005
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technisch-ökonomische Auswertung der Korrosionsverluste an Stahlkonstruktionen im Gebiet Nordböhmen (1979)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 197-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Technico-economical evaluation of corrosion losses of steel structures in Northern BohemiaThe corrosion rates of structural steel, zinc and aluminium are estimated for the region of Northern-Bohemia on the basis of several years' weathering in 15 atmospheric weathering-stations; in addition the useful life of three-layer paint systems was evaluated in factories and electricity distribution systems in the vicinity of such weathering stations. In this context the cost are compared for replacement of corroded steel parts (thickness reduction by 50%) and by the use of corrosion protection systems (hot-galvanizing, aluminium sprayed cating and three-layer paint system including repainting at defined intervals). Hot-dip galvanizing appears to be the optimum solution with respect to cost as well as the amount of work required.
    Notes: Aufgrund von mehrjährigen Bewitterungsversuchen in 15 Bewitterungsstationen in Nord-Böhmen (ČSSR) wurden die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit von Baustahl, Zink und Aluminium ermittelt; außerdem wurde in Produktionsbetrieben sowie an Elektrizitätsverteilungssystemen in der Nähe der Bewitterungsstationen die Lebensdauer von dreischichtigen Anstrichsystemen ermittelt. Dabei wird eine Gegenüberstellung der Kosten vorgenommen, die sich durch Ersatz von korrodierten Stahlteilen (Abnahme auf 50% der ursprünglichen Dicke) sowie bei der Verwendung von Korrosionsschutzsystemen (Feuerverzinkung, Aluminiumspritzüberzug und dreischichtiges Anstrichsystem einschließlich der Anstricherneuerung in bestimmten Zeitabständen) ergeben. Sowohl im Hinblick auf die Kosten als auch auf den Arbeitsaufwand ist eine Feuerverzinkung die optimale Lösung.
    Additional Material: 23 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19790300306
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technisch-wirtschaftliche Auswertung von Korrosionsverlusten an Stahlkonstruktionen in aggressiven Atmosphären (1981)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 79-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Technical and economical evaluation of corrosion losses for steel structures in aggressive atmospheresThe paper contains a comparative survey of specific costs for procurement and maintenance of light to medium heavy steel structures protected by various coating systems (e.g. hot galvanizing with top coat renewed at regular intervals, sprayed aluminium coating with sealing coat). As an alternative the use of weathering steel is considered. In addition optimum protection variants are considered for atmospheres of defined aggressivities.
    Notes: Die Arbeit enthält einen Vergleich der spezifischen Kosten für die Anschaffung und die Instandhaltung von Stahlkonstruktionen (leicht bis mittelschwer), die mit verschiedenen Korrosionsschutzsystemen geschützt sind (z. B. Anstrichsysteme, Feuerverzinkung mit Deckanstrich, der in regelmäßigen Abständen erneuert wird, Aluminiumspritzüberzug mit Verdichtungsanstrich). Dazu wird als Alternative die Verwendung von langsamrostendem Stahl berücksichtigt. Ebenso wird auf optimale Schutzvarianten für Atmosphären definierter Aggressivität eingegangen.
    Additional Material: 14 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19810320205
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Durch Industrieemissionen verursachte Korrosionsschäden an Stahlbauten im Industriegebiet Ostrava (1977)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 28 (1977), S. 89-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion due to the action of industrial emissions on steel structures in the industrial region of Ostrava (ČSSR)In order to obtain  -  at least approximative  -  data allowing a calculation of the financial losses attributable to corrosion the author has undertaken an investigation into such losses; the study is based on an assessment of steel structures, and in particular bridges, gas containers, aerial line lattice poles and mine hauling towers. In this connection the economies have been assessed which may be obtained by coatings (including the periodical renewal of these multilayer systems). It is shown that the periodical repair of the coating systems yields considerable economical advantages when compared to the renewal of the uncoated structure after a service life admissible from security considerations. The useful life could be extended to three times its value by appropriate coatings the cost of which would not exceed one third of the total cost of a structure.
    Notes: Um zumindest Näherungsdaten zu erhalten, welche eine Beurteilung der durch korrosion verursachten finanziellen Verluste ermöglichen, wurden vom Autor entsprechende Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Dabei wurden Stahlkonstruktionen, vor allem Brücken, Gasbehälter, Leitungsmasten und Fördertürme als Grundlagen für die Beurteilung herangezogen und auch die Einsparungen ermittelt, welche durch Beschichtungen (einschließlich der periodischen Erneuerung der Mehrschichtensysteme) erreicht werden können. Es wird gezeigt, daß die periodische Reparatur der Anstrichsysteme beträchtliche Vorteile im Vergleich zur vollständigen Erneuerung der unbeschichteten Konstruktion bietet, wenn man die aus Sicherheitserwägungen erreichbare Lebensdauer zugrundelegt. Die Lebensdauer konnte durch entsprechende Anstriche auf das Dreifache erhöht werden, wobei die Kosten für die Beschichtungen nur ein Drittel der Kosten einer Konstruktion ausmachten.
    Additional Material: 13 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19770280206
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HPLC-Untersuchungen zum Verteilungsverhalten ausgewählter 1-Amino-3-aryl-guanidinium-nitrate (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 330 (1988), S. 305-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: HPLC Studies on the Distribution Behaviour of Selected I-Amino-3-aryl-guanidinium Nitrates
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19883300219
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  • 6
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    Culture techniques and growth characteristics of Dinophysis acuminata and its prey (2010)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0254-4059
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-5005
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 7
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    In-Situ Resource Utilization for Space Exploration: Resource Processing, Mission-Enabling Technologies, and Lessons for Sustainability on Earth and Beyond (2014)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: As humanity begins to reach out into the solar system, it has become apparent that supporting a human or robotic presence in transit and/or on station requires significant expendable resources including consumables (to support people), fuel, and convenient reliable power. Transporting all necessary expendables is inefficient, inconvenient, costly, and, in the final analysis, a complicating factor for mission planners and a significant source of potential failure modes. Over the past twenty-five years, beginning with the Space Exploration Initiative, researchers at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), academic collaborators, and industrial partners have analyzed, researched, and developed successful solutions for the challenges posed by surviving and even thriving in the resource limited environment(s) presented by near-Earth space and non-terrestrial surface operations. In this retrospective paper, we highlight the efforts of the co-authors in resource simulation and utilization, materials processing and consumable(s) production, power systems and analysis, fuel storage and handling, propulsion systems, and mission operations. As we move forward in our quest to explore space using a resource-optimized approach, it is worthwhile to consider lessons learned relative to efficient utilization of the (comparatively) abundant natural resources and improving the sustainability (and environment) for life on Earth. We reconsider Lunar (and briefly Martian) resource utilization for potential colonization, and discuss next steps moving away from Earth.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics; Spacecraft Propulsion and Power; Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: E-662716 , AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference; Jul 28, 2014 - Jul 30, 2014; Cleveland, OH; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    In-Space Propulsion, Logistics Reduction, and Evaluation of Steam Reformer Kinetics: Problems and Prospects (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Human space missions generate waste materials. A 70-kg crewmember creates a waste stream of 1 kg per day, and a four-person crew on a deep space habitat for a 400+ day mission would create over 1600 kg of waste. Converted into methane, the carbon could be used as a fuel for propulsion or power. The NASA Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) Logistics Reduction and Repurposing (LRR) project is investing in space resource utilization with an emphasis on repurposing logistics materials for useful purposes and has selected steam reforming among many different competitive processes as the preferred method for repurposing organic waste into methane. Already demonstrated at the relevant processing rate of 5.4 kg of waste per day, high temperature oxygenated steam consumes waste and produces carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen which can then be converted into methane catalytically. However, the steam reforming process has not been studied in microgravity. Data are critically needed to understand the mechanisms that allow use of steam reforming in a reduced gravity environment. This paper reviews the relevant literature, identifies gravity-dependent mechanisms within the steam gasification process, and describes an innovative experiment to acquire the crucial kinetic information in a small-scale reactor specifically designed to operate within the requirements of a reduced gravity aircraft flight. The experiment will determine if the steam reformer process is mass-transport limited, and if so, what level of forced convection will be needed to obtain performance comparable to that in 1-g.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support; Propellants and Fuels
    Type: GRC-E-DAA-TN18765 , SciTech 2015; Jan 05, 2015 - Jan 09, 2015; Kissimmee, FL; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    In-Situ Resource Utilization for Space Exploration: Resource Processing, Mission-Enabling Technologies, and Lessons for Sustainability on Earth and Beyond (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: As humanity begins to reach out into the solar system, it has become apparent that supporting a human or robotic presence in transit andor on station requires significant expendable resources including consumables (to support people), fuel, and convenient reliable power. Transporting all necessary expendables is inefficient, inconvenient, costly, and, in the final analysis, a complicating factor for mission planners and a significant source of potential failure modes. Over the past twenty-five years, beginning with the Space Exploration Initiative, researchers at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), academic collaborators, and industrial partners have analyzed, researched, and developed successful solutions for the challenges posed by surviving and even thriving in the resource limited environment(s) presented by near-Earth space and non-terrestrial surface operations. In this retrospective paper, we highlight the efforts of the co-authors in resource simulation and utilization, materials processing and consumable(s) production, power systems and analysis, fuel storage and handling, propulsion systems, and mission operations. As we move forward in our quest to explore space using a resource-optimized approach, it is worthwhile to consider lessons learned relative to efficient utilization of the (comparatively) abundant natural resources and improving the sustainability (and environment) for life on Earth. We reconsider Lunar (and briefly Martian) resource utilization for potential colonization, and discuss next steps moving away from Earth.
    Keywords: Energy Production and Conversion; Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: NASA/TM-2015-218867 , E-19133 , AIAA Paper 2014-3761 , GRC-E-DAA-TN25053 , AIAA Propulsion and Energy Forum 2014; Jul 28, 2014 - Jul 30, 2014; Cleveland, OH; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Chemical Processing of Non-Crop Plants for Jet Fuel Blends Production (2009)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The use of Biofuels has been gaining in popularity over the past few years due to their ability to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Biofuels as a renewable energy source can be a viable option for sustaining long-term energy needs if they are managed efficiently. We describe our initial efforts to exploit algae, halophytes and other non-crop plants to produce synthetics for fuel blends that can potentially be used as fuels for aviation and non-aerospace applications. Our efforts have been dedicated to crafting efficient extraction and refining processes in order to extract constituents from the plant materials with the ultimate goal of determining the feasibility of producing biomass-based jet fuel from the refined extract. Two extraction methods have been developed based on communition processes, and liquid-solid extraction techniques. Refining procedures such as chlorophyll removal and transesterification of triglycerides have been performed. Gas chromatography in tandem with mass spectroscopy is currently being utilized in order to qualitatively determine the individual components of the refined extract. We also briefly discuss and compare alternative methods to extract fuel-blending agents from alternative biofuels sources.
    Keywords: Propellants and Fuels
    Type: E-17362
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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