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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 5462-5472 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper, we report on two dimensional (2D) 31P cross polarization (CP) magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments on the coupled two-spin systems, sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate, Na4P2O7, 1OH2O (SP) and tetraphenyldiphosphine-1-oxide, (C6H5)2PP(O) (C6H5)2 (TPPO), including antiecho (COSY), double-quantum NMR, and zero-quantum NMR experiments. These experiments are generalizations of the absolute mode 2D Fourier transform antiecho COSY performed under MAS condition by Kentgens, de Boer, and Veeman [J. Chem. Phys. 87, 6859 (1987)]. The 2D sideband intensities for these experiments on polycrystalline samples are shown theoretically to be real. There are two mechanisms of coherence transfer; homonuclear J coupling and dipolar coupling. Theory shows that the zero-quantum signal for the coupled two spins can not be observed by using a (CPx−τ−(π)x−τ−(π/2)x−t1−(π/2)−t2 pulse sequence, when the coherence transfer is due to J coupling. When, however, the coherence transfer is induced by the flip-flop term of the dipolar coupling Hamiltonian, the zero-quantum signal can be observed by that pulse sequence. The preparation time dependences of the double-quantum and the zero-quantum sideband patterns, are expected, when the coherence transfer is induced by dipolar coupling. The zero-quantum signal was very weak for TPPO, while it was strong for SP. The apparent preparation time dependence of the zero-quantum sideband pattern was observed for SP. These results suggest that the coherence transfer is mainly due to J coupling in TPPO, where the two 31P nuclei have different isotropic chemical shifts. While, on the other hand, the dipolar coupling is more important in SP, where the two 31P nuclei have the same isotropic chemical shifts but different orientations of the chemical shift tensors. The 2D sideband intensities of the antiecho COSY spectrum of TPPO were calculated, and the relative orientation of the two chemical shift tensors was determined.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 7156-7170 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of dipolar interactions on the solid state 31P cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning (CP-MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) line shapes for the coupled two-spin systems, sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate, Na4P2O7⋅10H2O, and tetraphenyl diphosphine-1-oxide, (C6H5)2PP(O)(C6H5)2, has been investigated. The one-dimensional (1D)CP-MAS spectra of Na4P2O7⋅10H2O shows spinning frequency dependent sideband splittings. A theory was developed to permit the calculation of the MAS NMR line shapes of the dipolar and J-coupled two-spin systems. An exact solution of the periodic Hamiltonian was obtained by the use of Floquet Hamiltonian theory. The experimental spectra of Na4P2O7⋅10H2O are well reproduced by the theoretical ones calculated from the present theory, in which the homonuclear dipolar interaction between the two 31P nuclei in the P2O74− group was taken into consideration. Our Hamiltonian also leads to calculated spectra which are in good agreement with the experimental observations even at low rotor spinning speeds. The two-dimensional J-resolved experiments, with rotationally synchronized acquisition in the t1 dimension, were performed for both Na4P2O7⋅10H2O and (C6H5)2PP(O)(C6H5)2. These experiments were found to be useful in distinguishing between the different mechanisms of the rotational sideband splitting of 1D spectra, as well as the dipolar interactions between spins with the same isotropic chemical shift, but different orientations of chemical shift tensors. These studies also allowed the identification of splittings caused by homonuclear J-coupled interactions, because the resolution of the 2D J-resolved spectra was greater than that of the 1D spectra.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 63-70 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We give a derivation for the line shape function g(ω) involving the spin diffusion constant TSD, which had earlier been given by Suter and Ernst, and by Henrichs et al. using different methods. There are three approximations which lead to different ways to evaluate the zero quantum line shape function g(ω). The first used by Suter and Ernst, another by Henrich et al., and the third which we show leads to the same equations as the latter authors. The angular dependencies of TSD for 31P spectral spin diffusion in single crystals of dipotassium α-D-glucopyranose-1-phosphate dihydrate (GLP) and triphenylphosphine (TPP) were determined. We conclude that the 31P spin diffusion under the influence of extraneous protons is well described by a Gaussian zero quantum line shape [Eq. (20)] but not by a Lorentzian function. This distinguishes the present situation from the one treated by Suter and Ernst. It is also confirmed by theory and experiment that the equation for TSD given by Henrich et al. is satisfactory when the S1 and S2 spins involved in the flip–flop process are quite distant from each other.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 5393-5405 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new two-dimensional 2H magic-angle-spinning NMR experiment to study paramagnetic compounds is presented. It can be carried out by the two-pulse sequence (90°)–(t1)–(180°)–(t2, acquisition) or the three-pulse sequence (90°)–(t1)–(54.7°)–(τ)–(125.3°)–(t2, acquisition). The latter has the advantages over the former in that pure-absorption spectra can be obtained, and also finite pulse-width effects are less apparent. The intensities of the two-dimensionally spread sidebands are calculated as a function of the paramagnetic and the quadrupole coupling parameters, the time-evolution of the spin system during the rf pulse being involved. The method is applied to paramagnetic coordination compounds with selectively deuterated acetate groups: Mn2O(O2CCD3)2{(C3H3N2)2BH}2 and Pr(O2CCD3)3⋅H2O. The principal values of the two interaction tensors can be separately estimated from the projections of the two-dimensional spectrum onto the corresponding diagonals. These values are further refined by simulations of the two-dimensional spinning sideband pattern, which also allows us to determine the mutual orientation of the two tensors. The paramagnetic shift tensors are calculated on the basis of the crystal structures and are compared with those obtained by the experiments. The effect of the bulk magnetic susceptibility on the observed paramagnetic shift tensor is discussed. Some methods to remove this effect are suggested. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 93 (1989), S. 7315-7319 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 502 (Dec. 2005), p. 75-80 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Considering the uniqueness of wetting systems consisting of three components, namely, the surface, liquid and liquid/solid interface, it is desirable to construct interatomic potentials following a consistent policy. To investigate the physical meaning of the behavior in terms of the interatomic potentials, the wetting systems are modeled by simple two-body interatomic potentials derived using ab initio molecular orbital calculations for hypothetical clusters representing the above three components. For In and Sn liquid atoms, spreading occurs on a Cu (111) surface, while in contrast, liquid atoms penetrate the substrate and form a surface alloy in the case of a Pd (111) surface
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] When differentiated in the presence of activin A in serum-free conditions, mouse embryonic stem cells efficiently generate an endoderm progenitor population defined by the coexpression of either Brachyury, Foxa2 and c-Kit, or c-Kit and Cxcr4. Specification of these progenitors with bone ...
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 24 (1997), S. 488-494 
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  Phase relations in the system CaTiO3-CaSiO3 were experimentally examined at 5.3–14.7 GPa and 1200–1600 °C with a 6–8 type multianvil apparatus. As pressure increases, stability field of perovskite solid solution extends from CaTiO3 to CaSiO3, and the perovskite becomes stable for the entire composition range above about 12.3 GPa. The stability field of Ca(Ti1−X, SiX)2O5 (0.78〈x≦1) titanite solid solution +Ca2SiO4 larnite exists in the CaSiO3-rich composition range at 9.3–12.3 GPa and 1200 °C. Perovskite solid solutions containing CaSiO3 component of 0 to 66 mol% could be quenched to 1 atm. The composition-molar volume relationship of perovskite solid solution showed that molar volume of perovskite solid solution linearly reduces from the value of CaTiO3 to that of CaSiO3.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Autocrine growth Kidney neoplasms GM-CSF IL-6 Human BALB/c athymic nude mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Increasing evidence suggests that paraneoplastic syndrome may be mediated by tumor-related cytokine release, although the specific factors involved remain to be clearly defined. The cancer cells used in the present study were obtained from a 67-year-old man with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the subcutaneous space who demonstrated marked leukocytosis (37,800/mm3). The primary tumor of the kidney was pathologically diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma consistent with the sarcomatoid type. On microscopic observation, the cultured cells exhibited an epithelial appearance with vacuole formation in their cytoplasm. Ultrastructural observations revealed relatively marked microvilli and a tight junction. Significant amounts of GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL-6, and IL-8 concentrations in the culture media were identified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) significantly exhibited marker protein m-RNA expression in cancer cells. In addition, GM-CSF receptor and IL-6 receptor mRNA expression was also demonstrated by RT-PCR. The administration of both IL-6 and GM-CSF induced cell-proliferation activities estimated by both [3H]-thymidine and bromodeoxyuridine labeling. Anti-IL-6 antibody and anti-GM-CSF antibody neutralized the enhanced proliferative activities generated by these cytokines. Our findings indicate that the established renal cancer cell line can be demonstrated by both the production of multiple cytokines and by their promotion of autocrine growth. These cells are thus considered to be useful as an effective model for multipotent differentiated renal cell carcinoma, as well as for studying the mechanisms of action of autocrine growth.
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