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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Einfluß einiger Hormone auf die heteroplastische Knorpel- und Knochenbildung im Herzmuskel der Ratte (1969)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 163 (1969), S. 248-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über histopathologische Untersuchungen des chronologischen Verlaufs an der durchSelyes „Ventrikel-Ligatur“ hervorgerufenen Herzspitzennekrose bei Ratten berichtet. In dem der Nekrose verfallenen Myokard setzt alsbald Organisation ein; dann wandelt sich allmählich das Granulationsgewebe in eine zellarme und faserreiche Narbe um. In den subendokardialen Schichten des Narbengewebes entstehen erst Knorpel-, später Knochenherde. Der Prozeß der Knorpelbildung wird nicht von Verkalkung eingeleitet; vielmehr werden zuerst die Fibroblasten zu Knorpelzellen, um die sich dann sekundär Kalziumsalze ablagern; danach spielt sich eine typische endochondrale Ossifikation ab. Schließlich erscheint Knochenmarkgewebe zwischen den Knochenbalken. Triamcinolon hemmt geringgradig die Bindegewebsproliferation, Thyroxin steigert die Knorpel- und Knochenbildung, während Östradiol diese Vorgänge nicht beeinflußt.
    Notes: Summary A chronologic study was made of the histopathologic changes which occur in the cardiac apex of the rat following the application of Selye's „ventricular ligature“. Organisation in the necrotic cardiac muscle begins soon after ligature. Later, the granulationtissue is gradually replaced by scar tissue which is poor in cells but rich in fibers. In the subendocardial fibrous tissue, cartilage and bone develop. It is emphasized that cartilage formation is not initiated by calcification. Instead, the fibroblasts are converted to cartilage cells and, later, calcium salts are deposited in the matrix. This is followed by endochondral bone formation. Finally, bone marrow appears in the intertrabecular spaces. Triamcinolone mildly hindered connective-tissue proliferation, thyroxine increased cartilage and bone formation, while estradiol did not influence these processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00573533
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pituitary estrogen receptor α and dopamine subtype 2 receptor gene expression in transgenic mice with overproduction of heterologous growth hormones (1999)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 111 (1999), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Pituitary somatotrophs are suppressed in mice transgenic for human (h) or bovine (b) growth hormone (GH) genes fused with metallothionein (MT) or phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) promoters. Previous morphologic studies revealed that lactotrophs are inhibited in hGH transgenic lines probably due to prolactin-like effects of hGH whereas in female bGH transgenics, the lactotrophs are stimulated. In the present study, estrogen receptor (ERα) mRNA was studied by autoradiographic in situ hybridization (ISH), ERα protein by immunocytochemistry, and dopamine subtype 2 receptor (D2R) mRNA by ISH. In MT/ and PEPCK/hGH transgenic mice, silver grains signaling ERα mRNA were significantly decreased compared to controls; the reduction was stronger in males (8.6 and 37%) than in females (4.6 and 11%). The decrease in the number of ERα-immunoreactive nuclei followed the same pattern (13.3 and 6% in males vs 3.2 and 5.2% in females). In MT/hGH mice the D2R mRNA signal was significantly increased in males (6 and 15.4%) and females (16%). In MT/bGH transgenics, ERα mRNA and ERα-immunoreactive nuclei were significantly increased (25 and 6%) only in males; D2R mRNA was more decreased in females (23%) than in males (15%). In conclusion, the opposite changes in ERα and D2R gene expressions are correlated with lactotroph inhibition in hGH transgenic mice and their stimulation in bGH transgenic mice. The changes in ERα expression were stronger in males, whereas those of D2R were more pronounced in females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050353
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lactotroph hyperplasia in the pituitaries of female mice expressing high levels of bovine growth hormone (1999)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 8 (1999), S. 191-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: bovine growth hormone ; electron microscopy ; immunocytochemistry ; in situ hybridization ; pituitary ; transgenic mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract PEPCK/bGH transgenic mice have very high blood levels of foreign GH, and prominent reproductive disturbances, especially in females. To obtain a deeper insight into the causes of these abnormalities, pituitaries of PEPCK/bGH transgenics were studied by immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy and in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques. Pituitary weights were significantly reduced (P 〈 0.05) in transgenic males, while in transgenic females they were increased without reaching significance compared to nontransgenic controls. In both sexes, GH cells were inhibited, as previously described in other lines of GH transgenic mice. In females, PRL cells were increased by 37% compared to controls. Ultrastructurally, the lactotrophs had characteristics of stimulation and PRL mRNA was increased by 35%. In males the increase in the number of PRL immunoreactive cells was not significant, the PRL mRNA signal did not differ from controls, and there were no changes in their ultrastructure. Only in females ACTH cells were significantly reduced (P 〈 0.05) in number and unchanged in males; however, POMC mRNA signal was increased in both genders and reached significance (P 〈 0.05) in males. In females, but not in males, the percentage of LH cells was lower than in control mice. In conclusion, the high blood bGH levels induced sex related changes in transgenic mice from the present line. The infertility of PEPCK/bGH transgenic females may be attributed to lactotroph hyperplasia and marked reduction in number of gonadotrophs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008958807096
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunolocalization of vascular endothelial growth factor in the GH3 cell line (2000)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 300 (2000), S. 83-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: GH3 cell line Immunocytochemistry Pituitary Prolactin VEGF Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The question of whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is expressed in the GH3 cell line was investigated using immunocytochemistry, immunoelectron microscopy, and Western blotting. Using immunocytochemistry, VEGF was demonstrated in approximately 90% of the cells. Immunopositivity was localized mainly in the paranuclear Golgi region. In a small minority of cells, diffuse cytoplasmic immunostaining was also noted. By immunoelectron microscopy VEGF was evident in the secretory granules, cytoplasmic vesicles, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus. Western blotting confirmed the results of the morphologic studies. It can be concluded that VEGF, which is know to induce angiogenesis and to increase vascular permeability, is produced in the prolactin- and growth hormone (GH)-secreting GH3 cell line. The functional role of VEGF in the GH3 cells is unknown. It is possible that this growth factor affects endocrine activity of GH3 cells by a paracrine mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004419900173
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) on the fine structure and replication of TSH and prolactin cells in the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 145 (1973), S. 23-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland (rat) ; TRH administration ; TSH and Prolactin cells ; Ultrastructure, radioautography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In intact male rats after TRH administration for 7 and 14 days, TSH cells showed similar morphological changes to those observed after thyroidectomy. These changes were paralleled by small numerical increases in TSH cell counts. After 34 days of TRH treatment, however, most of the TSH cells had a normal appearance and the number of TSH cells also had returned to normal. TRH treatment for 7, 14 and 34 days caused morphological changes in Prolactin cells similar to those obtained after a suckling stimulus. In the three groups these changes were also paralleled by small numerical increases in Prolactin cell counts. The cell replication after TRH for 7 and 14 days, as measured by incorporation of tritiated thymidine to obtain a labeling index, was slightly but significantly increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307187
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of pituitary thyrotrophs to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in Snell dwarf mice (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 683-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland, pars anterior (distalis) ; Thyrotrophs ; Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) on pituitary thyrotrophs was investigated in Snell dwarf mice (dw/dw) that are genetically deficient in thyrotrophin (TSH) and in normal animals of the same strain. The normal animals were treated with either saline or 10 μg TRH per day for 2 weeks, while the dwarf mice were given daily injections of saline, 10 μg TRH for 2 weeks or 10 μg for 6 weeks. At the end of each experimental period, the pituitary glands were removed and fixed for light-microscopic analysis using immunocytochemistry, or for transmission electron-microscopic study. Compared to thyrotrophs observed in the pituitary glands of untreated normal mice, thyrotrophs in TRH-treated normal mice appeared to be more numerous by immunocytochemistry and showed signs of stimulation by electron microscopy. In contrast, immunostainable thyrotrophs could not be identified in the pituitary glands of untreated or TRH-treated dwarfs. However, a few cells exhibiting ultrastructural features of stimulated thyrotrophs, were noticeable in the dwarfs following TRH administration. Thus, while failing to induce the synthesis of immunoreactive TSH under the applied experimental conditions, exogenous TRH appeared to elicit differentiation of thyrotroph precursors into ultrastructurally recognizable thyrotrophs. The discrepancy between the immunocytochemical and ultrastructural findings remains unresolved; more work is required to clarify the question as to why ultrastructural maturation of thyrotrophs was unaccompanied by the production of immunoreactive TSH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216499
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural diagnosis of human pituitary adenomas (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 20 (1992), S. 107-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Endocrine neoplasm ; Pituitary adenomas ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Electron microscopy, which has been instrumental in the characterization of normal pituitary cell types, has also played a crucial role in the mirphologic classification pituitary adenomas arising in the presently known 5 cell types, and in the recognition of 3 adenoma types with yet undisclosed cell derivation. This review deals with the application of electron microscopy for study of pituitary adenomas in order to provide specific pathological diagnosis and aid the clinician in selecting appropriate postoperative treatment. In addition to the ultrastructural appearance and diagnostic features of 15 adenoma types, the morphology of hyperplastic proliferations and that of known normal counterparts of various adenoma types are also discussed. Specific morphologic diagnosis of pituitary lesions is important not only for adequate postoperative management of patient, but is also a prerequisite for study of the natural history and biological behaviour of various adenoma types.
    Additional Material: 36 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070200202
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of electron microscopic techniques in the in vitro study of adenohypophysial function and regulation (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 20 (1992), S. 136-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Adenomas ; Tissue culture ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Morphologic studies of human adenohypophysial cells using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy have characterized the hormone-producing cell types of the normal gland and pituitary adenomas. The classifications which have emerged allow more accurate clinicopathologic correlations than ever before, but have also raised new questions concerning cytogenesis, pathogenesis, and structure-function correlations. We report the results of studies which marry the conventional morphologic techniques of light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and ultrastructural immunocytology with functional analyses using tissue culture and radioimmunoassay of hormones released into culture media. The hormone secretory activity of nontumorous and adenomatous pituitary cells is correlated with their structural features; their secretory responses to several adenohypophysiotropic factors are compared with morphologic alterations which are characterized at the light and electron microscopic levels by morphometric analysis. These studies have shown that hypothalamic stimulating hormones increase hormone release by their target cells and alter the ultrastructural appearance of the affected cells by increasing organelles involved in hormone synthesis. Inhibitory drugs and adrenal and gonadal steroids are capable of suppressing hormone release by some tumors and also give rise to morphologic changes which correlate with the functional inhibition. Hormone release by clinically nonfunctioning adenomas has been characterized and the behavior of these tumor cells in vitro sheds some light on the reasons for lack of clinical symptomatology. The plurihormonal nature of several nontumorous and adenomatous pituitary cell types has been characterized in vitro. The results of these studies provide the basis for more accurate structure-function correlations which can be used to study the hormonal milieu in vivo, to predict the role of pathogenetic factors in pituitary tumorigenesis, and to assess the therapeutic value of stimulating or inhibiting hormones and drugs.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070200203
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese von Diazoketonen aus Acylaminosäuren unter Verwendung von gemischten Anhydriden bzw. N, N′-Dicyclohexyl-carbodiimidHerrn Professor V. Bruckner (Budapest) zum siebzigsten Geburtstag gewidmet (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 53 (1970), S. 1057-1061 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus Benzyloxycarbonyl- und t-Butyloxycarbonyl-aminosäuren werden über gemischte Anhydride oder mittels N, N′-Dicyclohexyl-carbodiimid durch Reaktion mit Diazomethan Diazoketone hergestellt, wobei die in der Literatur [6] [7] erwähnte Oxazolonbildung nicht beobachtet wird. Durch Wolff'sche Umlagerung der Diazoketone lassen sich optisch aktive Peptide mit β-Aminosäureresten leicht herstellen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19700530520
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of drugs on pituitary fine structure in laboratory animals (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 19 (1991), S. 80-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; Chemicals ; Histology ; Pathology ; Toxicology ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Although an increasing number of chemicals are reported to affect endocrine glands, only a few studies are dealing with their toxic effect on pituitary. The drugs can induce lesions acting directly on endocrine cells or indirectly by interfering with the regulation of their endocrine activities. Some drugs stimulate pituitary cell proliferation leading to hyperplasia and tumor formation; other chemicals have an inhibitory effect on adenohypophysial cells; and only one drug, hexadimethrine bromide, has been found to induce pituitary necrosis.Although complex toxicologic studies have been carried out on many chemicals, the mechanism of action of most drugs is not completely elucidated and further studies are necessary to establish structure function correlations.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060190108
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