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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding, metabolism and body composition of the Antarctic copepod Calanus propinquus Brady with special reference to its life cycle (1993)
    Springer
    Polar biology 13 (1993), S. 13-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In the Weddell Sea, several biochemical and physiological characteristics of copepodite stage III to adult females of Calanus propinquus from the surface layer (0–100 m) and the deep layer (500–1,000 m) were compared at a time of high phytoplankton abundance (February) and a month later, when chlorophyll concentration was much lower and older copepodite stages had migrated to their overwintering depth. Daily rations of surface animals, estimated by the gut fluorescence method, varied from 0.8% to 7.8% body carbon (increasing with phytoplankton concentration). Respiration rate (calculated from measurements of electron-transport-system activity) and lipid and protein body content of animals inhabiting the surface layer decreased from February to April. Deep water animals (stage V and adult females) were characterized by high lipid and protein content; their respiration and excretion rates were much lower than in surface copepods. Our calculation showed that they could survive without an additional source of energy for 8–9 months. Based on our own and published data on bio-chemistry and physiology the possibility of a two-year life cycle is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236579
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition and biomass of summer metazoan plankton in the 0–200 m layer of the Atlantic sector of the Antarctic (1994)
    Springer
    Polar biology 14 (1994), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Composition of the metazoan plankton was studied during R.V. “Dmitry Mendeleev” cruise 43 (February to April, 1989) in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Samples were collected from ten stations at six locations. Four of the locations were in open oceanic waters along the 15° W longitude. Two others were in the Bransfield Strait and in inshore waters near Elephant Island. At three locations at 15° W sampling was conducted twice or thrice. At all stations three different sampling gears were used to collect different size groups of Zooplankton: series of hauls were performed by 2001 water-bottle, mesoplankton net and macroplankton trawl for depths from 200 m to the surface. The average biomass of Zooplankton in open oceanic waters was 20.55 g · m−2 wet weight. Copepoda Calanoida dominated composing 54.8% of the total plankton, followed by Euphausiacea (19.8%), Ctenophora (9.7%) and Copepoda Cyclopoida (7.2%). Biomass of any other taxonomic group was less than 1g·m−2. The relative biomass of Calanoida had a tendency to decrease southward along 15°W from 86.1 to 68.1% in February and from 81.8 to 23.6% in March–April. The relative biomass of Euphausiacea increased in the same manner from 2.3 to 17.8% in February and from 3.7 to 41.6% in March–April. The average biomass of calanoids from February to March–April decreased from 77.3 to 31.2% and that of euphausiids increased from 6.2 to 33.8%. The contribution of copepods and euphausiids to the production of the plankton community in the Antarctic is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234970
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition and distribution of zooplankton in the Laptev Sea and adjacent Nansen Basin during summer, 1993 (1997)
    Springer
    Polar biology 19 (1997), S. 63-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Zooplankton composition and distribution were investigated on the Laptev Sea shelf, over the continental slope and in the adjacent deep Nansen Basin during the joint German-Russian expedition “Arctic 93” with RV Polarstern and Ivan Kireyev in August/September 1993. In the shelf area biomass decreased from west to east with the lowest values in the area influenced by the Lena river runoff. A gradual increase of biomass from the shallow to the deep area correlated with water depth. Total biomass ranged between 0.1 and 1.5 g m−2 on the shelf and 4.7 and 7.9 g m−2 in the adjacent Nansen Basin. On the shelf Calanus glacialis/finmarchicus dominated overall. The contribution of brackish-water taxa was low in the west, where high salinity and southward currents from the Arctic Basin supported a marine neritic community, but on the southern and eastern Laptev shelf, in the areas of freshwater influence, brackish-water taxa contributed up to 27% of the total biomass. On the slope and in deep areas a few large Arctic copepod species, Calanus glacialis, C. hyperboreus and Metridia longa, composed the bulk of biomass and determined the pattern of its vertical distribution. The export of Calanus species from the Nansen Basin onto the Laptev shelf appears to be of great importance for the shelf communities. In turn, the eastern outer shelf and slope area of the Laptev Sea are thought to have a pronounced effect on the deep basin, modifying the populations entering the central Arctic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050216
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reproductive cycle and life history of the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis in the White Sea (1999)
    Springer
    Polar biology 22 (1999), S. 254-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seasonal variations in the gonad development and sex ratio of copepodite stage V (CV) and adults were examined from February to November in order to understand the reproductive cycle and the life history of Calanus glacialis in the White Sea. Gonad maturation, sexual differentiation and moulting to adults take place during the 2nd year of development. Energy accumulation takes place in the spring and summer of the 2nd year. The following autumn/winter is the major period of CV maturation, which occurs independent of food supply. Maturation of males precedes that of females by 2–3 months. The maximum proportions of CV and adult males are found in the population in October and November. The onset of female maturation is observed in February and March, ca. 2 months prior to the spring phytoplankton bloom. Reproduction takes place between April and June. Its termination in the second half of June coincides with the warming of the surface water layer where egg laying takes place. Variations in the gonad morphology throughout the year suggest long life spans and iteroparity of females of C. glacialis in the White Sea. Many of them survive for several months after reproduction and are able to overwinter again. Therefore, females with different life histories co-occur in the population in winter: “young” females recently moulted from the overwintering CVs, and “old” females which have spawned at least once in their life, after which they return to overwintering conditions. In contrast, males have shorter life spans of 3–4 months resulting in a sex ratio skewed toward females at all seasons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050418
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological characteristics of the antarctic copepod Calanoides acutus during late summer in the Weddell Sea (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 292-293 (1994), S. 201-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Ingestion ; respiration rates ; lipid content ; overwintering ; antarctic copepods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ingestion, respiration and excretion rates as well as lipid and protein body content of the dominant Antarctic copepod Calanoides acutus (CIV to adult females) were studied during the period covering the end of phytoplankton bloom (February) to the beginning of transition to overwintering (March-April). Daily rations measured with gut fluorescence varied from 2.2 to 2.7% in surface C. acutus. Weight-specific respiration and excretion rates in deep C. acutus decreased by a factor of 11 and 3.5–3.8 compared to their surface counterparts. High lipid (up to 455 µg ind−1) and protein (198 µg ind−l) content was observed in surface C. acutus CV in February; a month later the animals with similar lipid and protein content were found in the depth (500–1000 m layer). Their lipid reserves were enough to overwinter and probably to ascend, molt and reproduce. At the same time some of the deep CVs had much lower protein and lipid content and could survive only for 4–5 months. Our own and literature data led to the conclusion that females of C. acutus reach adulthood at the age of more than one year while development of males could be completed in one year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229942
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproduction of the calanoid copepod Calanus propinquus in the southern Weddell Sea, Antarctica: observations in laboratory (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 292-293 (1994), S. 219-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: reproduction ; copepod ; clutch size ; spawning ; life cycle ; vertical migration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Reproduction of the dominant Antarctic copepod Calanus propinquus was studied in February–April, 1989 aboard the R.V ‘Dmitry Mendeleev’ during cruise N° 43 to the Weddell Sea. Single females were kept at 0 °C in the laboratory for 56 days with abundant food concentration (above 300 µg C l−1 of Platymonas viridis). Females released clutches at night at 2–3 day intervals. Most clutches contained from 10 to 40 eggs, mean 37.3 eggs female−1. Average carbon content of an egg was 0.37 ± 0.05 µg C. The maximum daily egg production rate of 30–50 eggs female−1 d−1 was observed for the first 3 days of the laboratory incubation, corresponding to 3.7–6.2% body C. The state of gonadal development of females showed the decline of the reproductive season in late February. The data suggest that egg laying in the region under study starts in December and lasts until March. The state of ovarian maturation, changes in vertical distribution and biochemical body composition of females suggest the possibility of two-year life cycle in C. propinquus in the southern Weddell Sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229944
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  • 7
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    Physiological characteristics of the antarctic copepod Calanoides acutus during late summer in the Weddell Sea (1994)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-8158
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5117
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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    Reproduction of the calanoid copepod Calanus propinquus in the southern Weddell Sea, Antarctica: observations in laboratory (1994)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-8158
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5117
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Morphology of genital system and reproductive biology of the arctic calanoid copepod Metridia longa (2012)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-16
    Print ISSN: 1062-3590
    Electronic ISSN: 1608-3059
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    The gonad maturation and size structure of the population of abundant planktonic predator Eukrohnia hamata (Möbius, 1875) (Chaetognatha) in the Eurasian basin of the Arctic Ocean in summer (2017)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-01
    Print ISSN: 1063-0740
    Electronic ISSN: 1608-3377
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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