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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geophysical investigations on manned spacecrafts (1969)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 72 (1969), S. 227-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Резюме Сделан обзор первых резулътатов и перспектив исследований в области геофизики и смежных наук (геология, георафия, агробиология и др.) при помощи пилотируемых орбиталъных космических лабораторий. Сравнительно детальо обсуждены проблемы интерпретации фотографий земных образований из космоса. Родробно рассмотрены методика и результаты фотометрической обработкн фотографий атмосферы вблизи горизонта с целью изучения оптических неоднороднотей (в частности, аэрозольных слоёв) в атмосфере. Упомянуты возможности исследований на основе использования данных о спектрах уходящего излучения.
    Notes: Summary Review has been made of the first results and perspectives of investigations in geophysics and bordering sciences (geology, geography, agrobiology, etc.) by means of manned orbital space laboratories. Relatively detailed discussion is given to the problems of the interpretation of terrain feature pictures from space. Attentively considered are the technique and results of the photometric processing of atmospheric photographs near the horizon with the purpose of studying atmospheric optical non-homogeneities (in particular, aerosol layers). The possible investigations based on the use of data about the outgoing radiation spectra are mentioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00875707
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meteorological interpretation of infrared pictures of the earth from space (1968)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 69 (1968), S. 336-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Резюме В статье рассмотен ряд вопросов, отнсяЩихся к интерпетации инфракрасных изображений земли из космоса. Расснитан среднемноголетние бенличины контрастов между радиационной температерой земли и облакоб для ряда пунктов СССР в различное время года, знание которых позволяет сделатъ вывод о том, когда и где могоут бытъ обнаружены облака на фоне подстилаюЩей поверхности, а также сформулирова ъ требования к аппарапуре, устанавливаемоь на спутниках. Определены теоретически коэффициенты черноты овлаков различных ярусов, проведено исследование вопроса о выборе спсктральных диапазонов для проведения наблюдений с ИСЗ. Разработанная схема расчёта использована для реШения вопроса о возможности опнаружения с ИСЗ таких тепловых неотнородностей, как морские течения, струйные течения в атмосфере. Рассмотрены примеры синоптического анализа инфракрасных изображений облачного пок рова, полученны х при помощи ИСЗ НИМБУС-1 и КОСМОС-122.
    Notes: Summary This paper considers a number of questions concerning the interpretation of infrared pictures of the earth taken from space. Long period mean statistical values of the contrasts in radiation temperature between the earth's surface and clouds for a number of points in the U.S.S.R. in different seasons have been calculated which makes it possible to conclude when and where clouds against the underlying surface can be detected as well as to formulate the requirements which the instruments mounted on a satellite are to satisfy. The blackness coefficients of clouds at different layers have been theoretically determined, the investigation of the problem of the spectral regions selection for satellite observations has been conducted. The worked out calculation scheme has been used in the solution of the problem of the possibility of satellite detection of such thermal non-homogeneities as sea currents and jet streams in the atmosphere. Examples of the synoptical analysis of the infrared pictures of the cloud cover obtained with the help of the NIMBUS-1 and COSMOS-122 satellites have been considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874923
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inverse problems of satellite meteorology (1968)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 71 (1968), S. 164-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Резюоме Сделан обзол Возможностей исполБзования метеорологич еских спутникоБ для исслепования различнъюх явлений б атмосфере иполучени я даннъюх офизических усмовыях в атмосфере, необходимъюх для реализациичисленнъюх мето дов прогнозапогодъю, синоптического анализа и других целей. Сцелъю исключитъ повторения в об зор не вклйченъю многне важнъюе материалъю в области спутниковой метеорологии, которъюе въюли рассмотренъю в более ранних обзорах.
    Notes: Summary The paper presents a review of the possibilities of using meteorological satellites for investigating various atmospheric phenomena and obtaining data on the physical condition of the atmosphere required for realizing the numerical methods of weather forecast, the synoptical analysis and other purposes. To avoid repetition the review does not include the much important material in the field of satellite meteorology which had been dealt with in earlier reviews.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00875336
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the twilight sky color as observed from the ‘Soyuz-5’ spacecraft (1971)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 88 (1971), S. 165-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary A comparison of the results of visual observations and objective colorimetry of the twilight aureole is made. It is shown that the color picture of the aureole is informative with regard to the composition of the atmosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877902
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some results for the visual observations and spectrophotometering of the Earth's atmosphere twilight glow from the ‘Soyuz-5’ spacecraft (1971)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 88 (1971), S. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The scheme of the experiment aiming at spectrophotometering of the twilight horizon is described. The first experience of spectrophotometering with the help of a handheld spectrograph is discussed. It is shown that such observations are useful for determining the vertical aerosol profile in the atmosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877901
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absorption of solar radiation by clouds and aerosols in the visible wavelength region (1998)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 65 (1998), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary In connection with a number of recent publications on “anomalous” (“excessive”) absorption of shortwave radiation (SWR) by clouds, the data of aircraft observations of spectral and total SWR vertical profiles in the troposphere obtained within the CAENEX, GAAREX and FGGE programmes have been discussed. These data demonstrated persuasively the existence of substantial SWR absorption by clouds in the visible wavelength region. In this context, the results of simulation numerical medelling of the SWR transfer in clouds have been considered. These show a significant enhancement of the SWR absorption by clouds due to an increase of the mean free path of photons under an impact of multiple scattering in clouds. Another important consideration may be the impact of SWR-absorbing pollutants in clouds, especially soot aerosols.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01030265
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hourly to decadal time scale variations of the spectral and total “solar constant” (1996)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 61 (1996), S. 119-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary The most significant solar spectral radiation bursts that occurred during more than twelve-years observation period at an high altitude station are analyzed. It is shown that the number and amplitudes of solar spectral bursts increase when the solar activity (SA) maximum is approaching. A plausible mechanism of short-term variations of extra-atmospheric solar spectral irradiance (ETSSI) is discussed. It appears that a burst of ETSSI arises when the Earth is sporadically irradiated by a strong flux of induced violet-blue high coming out of magnetic flux tubes in the active region (AR) of the Sun. We confirm earlier conclusions that on the time-scale of decades there is a close relationship between variations in the areas of faculae, the solar constant, and surface air temperature. On the basis of these results we suggest that at the end of the 1930s, when the Sun was very active, its effective output was about 0.4%, and the surface temperature in the Northern hemisphere about 0.4°C, higher than in the first decade of the 20th century.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01025700
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An estimation of the surface solar ultraviolet irradiance during an extreme total ozone minimum (1998)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 68 (1998), S. 171-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary A simple theoretical algorithm has been employed to estimate the solar ultraviolet irradiance at Athens, Greece (38.7°N, 23.4°E) during, summertime 1993, a year of extreme total ozone minimum in the existing data record. This estimation has been performed by using total ozone measurements as derived by both ground-based and satellite instrumentation. The utilization of the present investigation will assist to the various assesments for the risk of human health from the biologically-effective doses of the solar ultraviolet radiation arrived at the earth's surface during that time period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01030208
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectrophotometry of the environment from space (1971)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 58 (1971), S. 529-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00598711
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical properties of dirty clouds (1987)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 41 (1987), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00120450
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