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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electro-optic device based on field-controlled anchoring of a nematic liquid crystal (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 1616-1618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A surface-controlled electro-optic device using a nematic liquid crystal enclosed between two thin spaced glass plates is presented. Modulation angles of the optic axis up to more than 70° can be achieved even for small applied voltages. The switching of the optic axis occurs with a large component in the plane of the sample even though the electric field is applied normal to the sample surfaces. The effect seems to be driven by the dielectric coupling of the liquid crystal molecules with the applied electric field. The field induced switching process is governed by the bounding surfaces that have been covered with obliquely evaporated SiOx. The mechanism of the phenomenon is briefly discussed. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122223
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sign reversal of the linear electro-optic effect in the chiral nematic phase (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 3762-3768 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The chiral nematic phase aligned with its helical axis along one preferred direction, being parallel to the confining substrates, exhibits a linear electro-optic effect when an electric field is applied normally to the substrates. The effect is considered to be of flexoelectric origin. A sign reversal of the effect is found when the helix of the chiral nematic phase changes its handedness, thus revealing the relationship between the sign of the linear electro-optic effect and the helix handedness. Here, we present and discuss a simple model of this relationship.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357379
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear electro-optic effect based on flexoelectricity in a cholesteric with sign change of dielectric anisotropy (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 7778-7783 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The linear electro-optic effect in short-pitch cholesterics is based on the linear coupling of the medium with an applied electric field. It has a number of remarkable properties. The electric field causes the optic axis to tilt in a plane parallel to the surfaces of the cell glass plates, giving the same symmetry as the electro-optic effects in the smectic C* phase (surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals and deformed helix mode) and the smectic A* phase (soft mode/electroclinic effect). For shutters and displays this guarantees a very wide viewing angle. The induced tilt is a linear function of the applied field, at least for small fields, which gives a well-controlled continuous grey scale. Furthermore, it is practically independent of temperature. Response times of the order of 100 μs are easily achievable. The most interesting development in this effect would be to extend the linear regime to much larger tilt angles, in particular to 22.5°, where light could be modulated from 100% to zero transmission. In order to do this the perturbation from the quadratic dielectric coupling has to be ruled out or minimized, which requires materials with essentially zero dielectric anisotropy. This has been done, and it has been found that the bare flexoelectric-induced tilt has a surprising range of linearity: The linear response in tilt could be followed up to about 30° after which the high electric field caused breakdown. The response time is typically about 100 μs and below. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358523
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Device physics of the soft-mode electro-optic effect (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 4983-4995 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The soft-mode ferroelectric liquid-crystal (SMFLC) effects utilize the electroclinic response of chiral orthogonal smectic phases (A*,B*,E*) in bookshelf geometry. The SMFLC cell may be considered a retardation plate with a field controllable optic axis, with a submicrosecond response time, and a wide continuous dynamic range. A great variety of electro-optic components and devices can be constructed based on the SMFLC effect, many of them adding novel possibilities and challenges for optical design. We discuss in the present paper different combinations of SMFLC cells with retarders and polarizers, giving optical components capable of light and color modulation. Particularly, multiple electroclinic cells in a special constellation have the potentiality to give nearly achromatic full-modulation light valves, as well as electrically controlled high-speed color filters, which can be used for simple and compact TV cameras. Reflective single-cell electroclinic devices are suitable for integration with semiconductors to give high-speed spatial light modulators and general optical processing components with high contrast and full grey-scale capability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343771
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alignment of cholesteric liquid crystals using periodic anchoring (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 3508-3511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Previous work has shown that when short-pitch cholesteric liquid crystals are aligned in cells with the helical axis in the plane of the substrate in a well-defined direction, then application of an electric field across the cells may result in microsecond in-plane switching due to the flexoelectric effect. Moreover, the response to the electric field is linear and temperature independent. Hence this device geometry has great potential since fast, temperature-independent switching with analogue gray scale may be realized. Up to now, however, the alignment of the helix in the plane of the substrate achieved, for example, by rubbed polyimide layers has been rather unstable, since it relaxes to a Grandjean texture in a time scale determined by the cell thickness. This time is generally of the order of minutes. Here we report a method for the attainment of stable anchoring of the unidirectional lying helix texture using periodic anchoring conditions. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371249
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoinduced in-plane switching of a photochromic nematic liquid crystal (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 7730-7734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photoinduced fast in-plane switching of the optic axis of a photochromic nematic liquid crystal is found in a sandwich cell with substrates promoting a twofold degenerate anchoring. The switching process is governed by the modification of the anchoring conditions associated with the photoisomerization of the photochromic nematic liquid crystal. Photoinduced in-plane reorientation of the sample optic axis of about 80° has been found. Together with the model of photoinduced in-plane switching, some implementations of this effect are briefly discussed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1371944
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical recording using a photochromic ferroelectric liquid crystal (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 7745-7749 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The direction of molecular switching, i.e., the sign of the electro-optic response, in ferroelectric liquid crystals depends on the polarity of the applied electric field as well as on the sign of the spontaneous polarization. Light-induced switching of the molecules by ultraviolet light was found in a photochromic ferroelectric liquid crystal at fixed field polarity. A high contrast image was recorded whose contrast could easily be inverted by reversing the field polarity. Moreover, in the presence of bistable boundary conditions, the optically recorded image can be stored after removal of the electric field. The effect of light-assisted switching in the photochromic ferroelectric liquid crystal seems to be promising for applications such as optical recording, all-optical switches, and image storage. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1373697
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rubbed polyimide films studied by scanning force microscopy (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2218-2219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The surfaces of rubbed polyimide films for aligning liquid crystal have been studied by atomic force microscopy. The unrubbed films consisted of randomly distributed polyimide clusters of different sizes. On the rubbed surface, however, the clusters are aligned in long chains along the rubbing direction. The cluster chains were separated by about 100 nm for small rubbing strength. For higher strength the cluster chains coalesced into wider ones. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113172
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  • 9
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    Ferroelectric switching of electrically commanded alignment layers for liquid crystal displays (2006)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 10
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    Linear electro‐optic effect based on flexoelectricity in a cholesteric with sign change of dielectric anisotropy (1994)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-15
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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