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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inter-annual variation in the gonad cycle of the mackerel icefish (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 57 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Spawning by Antarctic fish is generally considered to be seasonal and restricted to a brief period during the autumn and winter. Arising from this it has been assumed that the gonadal maturation cycle is also closely associated with the time of year. The gonad maturation cycle of the mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari was investigated using data collected during research surveys and from sampling the commercial fishery. Spawning appears to occur at the same time each year, but the timing of gonadal development is subject to a considerable inter-annual variation. The implications of this variation are discussed with respect to feeding conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb02247.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ovarian development associated with first maturity in three Antarctic channichthyid species (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 49 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: It has been known for some time that yolk deposition and final ovarian maturation were prolonged processes for many Antarctic fish. The adolescent phase in three species of channichthyid has been studied, based on an extensive series of samples over five seasons. Samples were obtained during a series of abundance estimation surveys on the shelf around South Georgia. Fish were measured, and sex and maturity stage determined from macroscopic examination of the gonads. It was found that for female Champsocephalus gunnari and Pseudochaenichthys georgianus the adolescent phase lasts 〈1 year but in Chaenocephalus aceratus it lasts for nearly 4 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb00097.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shedding new light on the life cycle of mackerel icefish in the Southern Ocean (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 63 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mackerel icefish have a widespread distribution in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean sectors of the low-Antarctic region. Biological characteristics differ considerably between populations in the southern Scotia Arc and those living further to the north. Fish living in the north mature 1 year earlier than in the south. They have a much shorter life span and die after they have spawned two to three times. The number of eggs produced per gram of body mass is higher in the north. Stocks have declined in most parts of the distributional range due to the impact of fishing and due to natural causes. Increases in populations of Antarctic fur seals at South Georgia and parts of the Indian Ocean appear to have led to increased predation on stocks of icefish. Shifts in hydrological regimes in the northern part of the distributional range have either started to lead or will lead to deteriorating living conditions for mackerel icefish in the near future. Fish stock assessment needs to take these constraints into consideration when providing advice on total allowable catches for fisheries management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00150.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interannual variation in condition of the mackerel icefish (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 51 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari are widespread on the South Georgia (54° S, 36° W) shelf. Analysis of condition indicated a strong interannual variation. High condition indices, indicative of good feeding conditions, were present when krill were abundant in the region. Years when krill were scarce and condition index was consequently low, were consistent with years when indices from land-based krill predators also indicated that krill were scarce.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb02520.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The surface structure of Antarctic fish eggs and its use in identifying fish eggs from the Southern Ocean (1989)
    Springer
    Polar biology 9 (1989), S. 197-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The surface structure of eggs of Notothenia neglecta, Nototheniops larseni, Nototheniops nudifrons (Nototheniidae), Champsocephalus gunnari and Chaenocephalus aceratus (Channichthyidae), collected near Elephant Island (Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean) and of Notothenia rossii rossii (Nototheniidae) from Kerguelen waters (Indian sector of the Southern Ocean) was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Eggs of N. larseni differed from the other species by containing a micropyle with two micropyle pits. External morphological characteristics of the egg envelope such as the ultrastructure of the zona radiata, its interpore distances and the diameter of the micropyle were species-specific and could aid in the identification of fish eggs collected from the Southern Ocean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297176
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nahrungsökologische Untersuchungen an Mantelmöwen(Larus marinus) auf Helgoland (1974)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 26 (1974), S. 88-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. In den Jahren 1971 und 1972 wurden auf Helgoland 54 Mantelmöwen im Zuge einer Regulierung der Großmöwenbestände und zum Schutze der Trottellummenkolonie geschossen. Die Mägen dieser Tiere und zusätzliche Feldbeobachtungen bilden die Grundlage für die vorliegenden nahrungsökologischen Untersuchungen. 2. Der Anteil der Nahrung, die im Zuge einer fortschreitenden Synanthropie aus dem Bereich des Menschen von den Mantelmöwen aufgenommen wird, beträgt 73,5%. Nur 26,5%, bestehend aus Vertretern der Crustacea, Mollusca und Insecta, kann als natürlich angesehen werden. 36 Mägen enthielten Fischreste. 80% der gefressenen Fische waren Gadiden (Dorsch, Wittling und Zwergdorsch). 3. Die Frage eines negativen Einflusses dieser Großmöwe auf die Trottelummenkolonie auf Helgoland wurde geprüft. Zusammen mit Silbermöwen stürzen sich die Mantelmöwen auf fischende Lummen, um ihnen die gerade erbeuteten Fische wieder abzujagen. Sie dringen nicht in den Felsen ein, um Eier und Junglummen zu stehlen, attackieren aber heimkehrende Lummen vor deren Brutfelsen. 4. Ob Mantelmöwen eine zusätzliche Gefahr für rastende und ziehende Kleinvögel im Frühjahr und im Herbst bilden, konnte nicht definitiv geklärt werden. Es wurden nur in dem Magen eines Tieres Federreste eines Kleinvogels gefunden. Dennoch muß aus zusätzlichen Beobachtungen geschlossen werden, daß die Dunkelziffer hoch ist.
    Notes: Abstract This paper is based on observations and the analysis of 54 stomach contents of great black-backed gulls obtained from the island of Helgoland (North Sea) in 1971 and 1972. It deals with the following problems: How large is the share of food taken from the human area in progressing synanthropy of the great black-backed gull? Does this gull have any negative effect on the colony of guillemots(Uria aalge albionis) on Helgoland? Do great black-backed gulls bring further danger (in addition to weather, etc.) for smaller birds migrating over or resting on Helgoland in spring and autumn? 73.5% of the food taken up is of human origin, only 26.5% is considered to be natural food (Crustacea, Mollusca, Insecta). 36 (66.7%) stomachs contained remainders of fish, mainly cod(Gadus morhua), whiting(Merlangius merlangus) and poor cod(Trisopterus minutus). Together with herring gulls(Larus argentatus), great black-backed gulls often swoop down on fishing guillemots to recover the just captured fish from them. They also attack homing guillemots in the range of their breeding rocks. Only in one case the remainders of a smaller bird were found, but presumably a greater number of smaller birds is killed by great gulls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01613307
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trennung von Schallemissionssignalen durch rechnerische Analysen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 160-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Separation of Acoustic Emission Signals by Computerized AnalysesFeatures extracted from acoustic emission signals by means of different analysis methods can be evaluated by the application of pattern recognition computer programs. By these methods it can be established, whether the employed features - maximum amplitude, signal rise time, pulse sum, pulse area, pulse energy and mean amplitude as well as simple characteristics of frequency spectra - are capable to distinguish acoustic emission signals or whether combinations of features lead to better results when single features fail.The efficiency of different analyses and the pattern recongnition programs is examined by four simulated types of signals. According to the employed analysis method there are distinct differences regarding the separation of acoustic emission. However, by applying feature combinations signal groups not separable by single analysis methods can be distinguished.
    Notes: Merkmale, die mit Hilfe verschiedener Analyseverfahren aus Schallemissionssignalen gewonnen werden, können durch den Einsatz von Rechenverfahren zur Mustererkennung bewertet werden. Durch Anwendung dieser Programme kann festgestellt werden, ob die verwendeten Merkmale - maximale Amplitude, Signalanstiegszeit, Schallsumme, Impulsfläche, Impulsenergie und mittlere Amplitude sowie einfache Kenngrößen aus Frequenzspektren - die Schallemissionssignale trennen können oder ob für den Fall, daß ein einzelnes Merkmal diese Aufgabe nicht löst, eine Kombination von Merkmalen zu einem besseren Ergebnis führt.Die Möglichkeiten der verschiedenen Analysen sowie der Mustererkennungsprogramme werden anhand von vier simulierten Signalarten überprüft. Je nach Analyseverfahren ergeben sich dabei deutliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Trennung der Schallemissionen. Jedoch kann selbst bei Signalgruppen, die mit einem Analyseverfahren nicht getrennt werden können, durch die Anwendung von Merkmalskombinationen die Unterscheidung verbessert werden.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19810120506
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  • 8
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    Functional VEGFA knockdown with artificial 3'-tailed mirtrons defined by 5' splice site and branch point (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-25
    Description: Mirtrons are introns that form pre-miRNA hairpins after splicing to produce RNA interference (RNAi) effectors distinct from Drosha-dependent intronic miRNAs, and will be especially useful for co-delivery of coding genes and RNAi. A specific family of mirtrons – 3'-tailed mirtrons – has hairpins precisely defined on the 5' end by the 5' splice site and 3' end by the branch point. Here, we present design principles for artificial 3'-tailed mirtrons and demonstrate, for the first time, efficient gene knockdown with tailed mirtrons within eGFP coding region. These artificial tailed mirtrons, unlike canonical mirtrons, have very few sequence design restrictions. Tailed mirtrons targeted against VEGFA mRNA, the misregulation of which is causative of several disorders including cancer, achieved significant levels of gene knockdown. Tailed mirtron-mediated knockdown was further shown to be splicing-dependent, and at least as effective as equivalent artificial intronic miRNAs, with the added advantage of very defined cleavage sites for generation of mature miRNA guide strands. Further development and exploitation of this unique mirtron biogenesis pathway for therapeutic RNAi coupled into protein-expressing genes can potentially enable the development of precisely controlled combinatorial gene therapy.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Diet of two icefish species from the South Shetland Islands and Elephant Island, Champsocephalus gunnari and Chaenocephalus aceratus (2004)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0722-4060
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-2056
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    The surface structure of Antarctic fish eggs and its use in identifying fish eggs from the Southern Ocean (1989)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0722-4060
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-2056
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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