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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 3 (1956), S. 213-228 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Au moyen d'un test mis au point à notre institut parK. Offhaus etG. Fröbrich, on a pu examiner le spectre d'efficacité du pollen d'environ 35 et des anthères de presque 70 plantes différentes ainsi que celui d'échantillons de miel et de suc nourricier des reines. On y releva les vitamines B suivantes: B1, B2, B6, Biotine β, acide pantothénique, acide folique, amide d'acide nicotinique, chloriede-cholin, B12 (seulement dans le miel) et le facteur Imago. Les fournisseurs de pollen, bien connus depuis longtemps de l'apiculteur comme bon terrain de pâture pour les abeilles (Crocus, Salix, Salvia, Galanthus), constituent les sources les meilleures de toutes les vitamines B1. Parmi les excitants du groupe B, la vitamine acide pantothénique et biotine β intéresseront en premier lieu l'apiculteur. On les trouve en quantités particulièrement importantes dans le suc nourricier de la reine, et elles proviennent sans aucun doute de la nourriture faite de pollen des abeilles nourricières. Dans le problème de la détermination, on suppose qu'elles jouent un rôle décisif. Les meilleures sources d'acide pantothénique pour les abeilles parmi les plantes que nous avons examinées à cet égard, sont: salvia, robinier, rose lysimachia, et parmi les anémophiles: scléranthe et froment. Parmi les fleurs de printemps, ce sont:crocus, scilla, gagea, narcissus, salix; parmi les fleurs dont la floraison est plus tardive:aesculus, iris, œnothera, campanules rapuncoloides. Le quart des plantes examinées out un pollen avec faible pourcentage d'acide pantothénique. Les anthères desSalix et des différentes variétés de Campanules sont particulièrement riches en biotine. De même, les anthères desgalanthus, scilla, crocus, gagea, primula et pommiers sont relativement riches en biotine. Dans certains pollens, voire même certaines anthères, on a pu prouver l'existence d'un nouveau facteur indispensable pour la métamorphose duTribolium (et peut-être même pour celle de tous les insectes) et présentant par conséquent un caractère vitaminique (TIF chezFröbrich-Offhaus, Bt chezFraenkel). Ont réagi de façon vénéneuse sur la matière du test les anthères duPhiladelphus, digitalis (son pollen est inoffensif), de l'anthirhinum (son pollen est également inoffensif) et ducolchicum. Le pollen du colchique entraîne de nombreux manques; pourtant certains insectes, quoiqu'en petit nombre, se développent, de sorte que la question se pose si ce pollen est vénéneux on non. Par contre, le miel est pauvre en vitamine B et les quelques traces de vitamines que l'on peut relever proviennent vraisemblablement du pollen qui se mêle toujours au miel. L'acide folique et le Pyrodoxin sont encore largement représentés, ensuite viennent la biotine β et le chloride cholin; on ne, relève l'amide d'acide nicotinique qu'à l'état de traces. Les expériences recherchant l'existence de B1, B2, B12 et d'acide pantothénique se sont montrées totalement négatives.
    Notes: Summary Through a test (Tribolium-test) which was developed at our institute byK. Offhaus andG. Fröbrich, pollen of ca. 35 and antheres of almost 70 different plants, as well as several honey-proofs and food-sap for the queen could be examined in regard to their effectiveness. The following B-vitamins were tested, in them: B1, B2, B6, β-Biotin, Pantothenic Acid, Fol Acid, Nicotin amid, Cholinchlorid, B12 (in honey only!) and the imago-factor. Pollen dispensers, which have been wellknown to the bee-keeper for a long time as a good feeding-ground for the bees (Crocus, Salix, Salvia, Galanthus, etc.), are the best sources for all B-vitamins. First of all among the effectives of the B-group the beekeeper must be interested in the vitamins Pantothenic Acid and β-Biotin. They are present in great quantity in the food-sap for the queen and, without doubt, derive from the pollen-food of those bees associated with queen. For the problem of determination, Pantothenic Acid and β-Biotin (?) probably play the decisive role. The best sources of Pantothenic Acid for the bees are amongst those plants examined by us: sage, robinia, rose, and lysimachia; and amongst the anemophiles: scleranth-grass and wheat. Then follow the spring-flowers: Crocus, scilla, gagea, narcissus, salix, and among the later flourishing plants: horse-chestnut, iris, œnothera, campanula rapuncoloides. Yet 1/4 of all tested plants have pollen with a small percentage of Pantothenic Acid. An especially large quantity of Biotin is found in the antheres of salix and campanula-types. Yet also galanthus, scilla, crocus, gagea, primula, and apple-tree have antheres which contain a great deal of Biotin. In some pollen, respectively antheres, a new factor, necessary for the metamorphosis of Tribolium (and, perhaps, for all other insects too?), was identified, which has also vitamin, character (TIF byFröbrich-Offhaus,Bt byFraenkel). Poisonous for our test subjects were the antheres of philadelphus, digitalis (pollen not poisonous!) and Colchicum. The pollen of the meadow-saffron produces great losses, yet a few insects develop nevertheless, so that it is in question whether this pollen is poisonous. Honey, however, contains only a very small quantity of B-vitamins and those small traces of vitamin probably derive from the pollen which is always mixed with the honey. Folic Acid and Pyridoxin are of the highest percentage, β-Biotin and Cholinchlorid follow at a distance—nicotinacid is merely found in traits. Completely negative results were obtained in tests for B1, B2, B12 and Pantothenacid.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 8 (1927), S. 241-270 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 21 (1933), S. 543-543 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 25 (1937), S. 671-672 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 29 (1941), S. 743-744 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 37 (1950), S. 313-317 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 38 (1951), S. 339-345 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 28 (1940), S. 24-27 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 28 (1940), S. 767-768 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 19 (1930), S. 259-290 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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