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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of PAN precursor modified with potassium permanganate (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1988), S. 628-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01730316
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of graphite fibres from a modified PAN precursor (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 27 (1992), S. 6071-6078 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Graphite fibres were developed from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres modified with potassium permanganate. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the effect of modification on the physical properties, microstructure, elemental composition, electrical resistivity, and mechanical properties of fibres has been examined during the graphitization process. The graphite fibres developed from modified PAN fibres had a higher density, a greater stacking size,L c, and a higher preferred orientation than those developed from unmodified PAN fibres. The graphite fibres also showed an improvement of 20%–40% in electrical resistivity and modulus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01133752
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of high-performance carbon fibres from PAN fibres modified with cobaltous chloride (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 27 (1992), S. 2429-2436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Preparations of high-performance carbon fibres have been tested and the results are reported in this article. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres modified with cobaltous chloride have increased the crystal size, the crystallinity and the orientation, and also improved the tensile strength by about 15–40% and the modulus by about 10–20% of the resulting carbon fibres, which were carbonized at 1300 °C. The oxygen content, theAI value and the density for the modified PAN fibres are smaller than those for unmodified PAN fibres. Because the formation of the ladder polymer in the modified PAN fibres is slow and gradual during the stabilization process, the resulting carbon fibres have a better modulus than carbon fibres developed from unmodified PAN fibres. The activation energy of cyclization,E a, is increased to 180.0 from 156.6 kJ mol−1 after the modification process. The modified PAN fibres do not reduce the time required for stabilization. The carbon fibres developed from the modified PAN fibres have a greater stacking size,L c, than those developed from unmodified PAN fibres. A higher stacking size, and therefore a higher number of crystalline carbon basal planes, is one of the reasons for the improved modulus of the carbon fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01105054
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The study of polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon fibres for water purification: Part I (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 11 (1992), S. 6-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00720764
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the pyrolysis of phenolic resin reinforced with two-dimensional plain woven carbon fabric-I (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1991), S. 301-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00735665
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of precarbonization on mechanical properties of final polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibres (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 12 (1993), S. 343-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01910099
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of pre-carbonization on the properties of PAN-based carbon fibers developed by two-stage continuous carbonization and air oxidation (1995)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 16 (1995), S. 224-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Properties of three kinds of carbon fibers, which were pre-carbonized at 500, 550, and 600°C during two-stage continuous carbonization, were measured after being air oxidized for periods of 1 to 6 min at 550°C. The effects of precarbonization temperatures on mechanical properties, density, morphology, elemental compositions, and microstructure of the carbon fibers are discussed. The pre-carbonization process affected strongly the surface properties and mechanical properties of the final carbon fibers, as measured after air oxidation. Carbon fibers measured one to six min after air oxidation showed a different oxidation behavior in the surface morphology for each pre-carbonization temperature. Optimum conditions not only improved the tensile strength and modulus by over 50%, but also increased the density and oxygen content.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750160306
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of pyrolysis on the properties of stabilized PAN fabric reinforced phenolic resins for 2D carbon/carbon composites (1995)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 16 (1995), S. 522-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Two-dimensional (2D) carbon/carbon composites were prepared with phenol-formaldehyde resin and a commercial stabilized PAN fabric. The effect of pyrolysis on the microstructure and flexural strength of the composites during the carbonization process was studied. The interaction between fabric and matrix inhibited the decomposition and the thermal fragmentation, leading to a higher carbon yield for the final composition. Because of the formation of strong bonding in the fiber/matrix interface, the composites made with stabilized PAN fabric showed catastrophic failure and low flexural strength below carbonization temperatures of 600°C. Above 600°C, the flexural strength of the composites increased with the increase in the carbonization temperatures, even when the fracture behavior showed catastrophic failure.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750160611
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of pyrolysis on the mechanical properties and microstructure of carbon fiber-reinforced and stabilized fiber-reinforced phenolic resins for carbon/carbon composites (1993)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 14 (1993), S. 247-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Carbon/carbon composites were prepared with phenol-formaldehyde resin, one kind of commercial carbon fiber, and a stabilized fiber that was developed in our laboratory. The effect of pyrolysis on the microstructure, fracture behavior, and flexural strength of the composites during the carbonization process was studied. During the pyrolysis of the composites a chemical reaction at the fiber/resin interface apparently took place. A thermogravimetry (TG) study indicated that the use of stabilized fiber reinforced composites inhibited decomposition reactions and thermal fragmentation in the matrix resin, and reduced the weight loss of the final composites. The X-ray reflection of the resin and the two composites showed a reflection appearing at 2θ ≈ 12° when the samples were carbonized above 600°C. The intensity of this reflection in the composites made with stabilized fiber was higher than that of the composite made with carbon fiber. Because of the formation of strong bonding in the fiber-matrix interface, the composites made with stabilized fiber showed catastrophic failure and low flexural strength below carbonization temperatures of 600°C. Above 600°C, the flexural strength of the composites increased with an increase in the carbonization temperatures, even if the fracture behaviors showed catastrophic failure. The flexural strength of the composites made with carbon fiber showed pseudo-plastic patterns and debonding with very little fiber pullout. Above 800°C, these composites showed a catastrophic failure and smooth failure surfaces. During pyrolysis the flexural strength decreased with an increase in the carbonization temperature.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750140310
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of pre-carbonization on the properties of PAN-based carbon fibers (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 15 (1994), S. 401-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A continuous stabilization and two-stage carbonization process was used to prepare polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers, The effect of pre-carbonization (300 to 550°C) on the final properties and microstructure of carbon fibers was measured. Experimental results using an X-ray diffractometer indicated the presence of a less ordered structure at 2Θ from 5 to 18° in the pre-carbonized fibers and the final carbon fibers. This study found that the pre-carbonization process strongly affects the microstructure of the resulting carbon fibers. The results also showed that a suitable pre-carbonization was very conducive to improvement in tensile strength or in Young's modulus of the final carbon fibers. When the final carbon fiber was pre-carbonized at 300 and 550°C, respectively, these fibers had a higher tensile strength and higher Young's modulus than carbon fibers pre-carbonized at other conditions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750150604
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