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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Equity in Social Risk: Some Empirical Observations (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 8 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: In societal risk analysis the equity of the distribution of risks is often an important consideration owing to the special nature of health risks. We empirically validate some assumptions about equity that have been discussed in the decision analytic literature. Our results show that the way fatalities are distributed throughout a society is considered along with the number of fatalities in evaluating alternative policies involving mortality risks. The concepts of ex ante equity and ex post equity are both shown to be important in judgments of fairness. We next present a decision model based on multiattribute preference theory incorporating the number of fatalities, as well as ex ante equity and ex post equity. When ex ante equity and ex post equity are positively weighted in this fair-risk model, options with more equal risk distributions are ranked higher. Next we empirically show that the distribution of benefits has an impact on judgments of fairness. The fair-risk model does not include information on the benefits distribution, so it would apply when benefits are distributed equally or when the decision maker wishes to not include benefits in the model. We briefly discuss how the notion of proportional equity can incorporate benefits into judgments of the fairness of risk distributions. We then include benefits in a more general model in which fair risk-benefit combinations are those that are exchange equitable. A key implication of this envy-free risk–benefit model is that an unequal distribution of risks may be preferred if it is accompanied by a compensatory differential in benefits consistent with peoples' preference tradeoffs between received benefits and assumed risks. Finally, we discuss how perceived deservedness may influence judgments about equity. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of research on alternative notions of equity for policy makers dealing with social risks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1988.tb01160.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fair Processes for Societal Decisions Involving Distributional Inequalities (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 15 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: We investigate fair processes for societal decisions that involve different risks and benefits to different groups. A fair decision-making process is particularly important for decisions such as siting hazardous facilities. We experimentally evaluate the impact of alternative decision processes on the final choice of hypothetical facility sites and the resulting benefit and risk distribution to groups. The experimental task required choice among many alternative sites for a hazardous facility. Sites differ by the distribution of risks and benefits to each of two communities, and in the attractiveness of the sites to each community. Subjects were divided into three groups: individuals who judged the best site in the role of arbitrators, pairs of negotiators with one person representing each of the two communities, and trios who identified the best site in the role of a siting jury. We found the choices of negotiating and siting jury groups tended to emphasize the communities’preferences compared to the individual arbitrators who tended to focus on balancing the distribution of risks and benefits. Also, undergraduate psychology students, regardless of the dispute resolution mechanism, tended to display more emphasis on the risks and benefits, and graduate business students tended to focus more on the communities’preferences.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00092.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chinese and Americans Agree on What Is Fair, but Disagree on What Is Best in Societal Decisions Affecting Health and Safety Risks (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Through surveys of students and junior professionals and interviews with business and government executives, we studied Chinese choices and fairness perceptions in risky health and safety decisions. The survey responses were compared with American responses from an earlier study by Keller and Sarin.The survey results show that the American and Chinese respondents had similar fairness perceptions, but the Chinese did not make decisions that were consistent with their fairness perceptions, whereas the Americans did. We found that the middle-age Chinese professionals tended to make choices that were more different from the Americans than were the choices of the young Chinese management students. It is likely that these discrepancies were caused by cultural differences, with the younger Chinese tending to face a stronger Western influence.The insights from the survey results were enriched by interviews that revealed fairness perceptions of Chinese business and government executives.A framework to interpret cultural influences on decision making was also proposed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1999.tb00419.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    The Becker - DeGroot - Marschak Mechanism and Generalized Utility Theories: Theoretical Predictions and Empirical Observations (1993)
    Dordrecht : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Theory and Decision. 34:2 (1993:Mar.) 83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-5833
    Thema: Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:n228-1993-034-02-000001
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chinese and Americans Agree on What Is Fair, but Disagree on What Is Best in Societal Decisions Affecting Health and Safety Risks (1999)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 439-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Schlagwort(e): Health and safety risks ; decision analysis ; fairness ; equity ; cross-cultural ; Chinese ; risky decisions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Through surveys of students and junior professionals and interviews with business and government executives, we studied Chinese choices and fairness perceptions in risky health and safety decisions. The survey responses were compared with American responses from an earlier study by Keller and Sarin. The survey results show that the American and Chinese respondents had similar fairness perceptions, but the Chinese did not make decisions that were consistent with their fairness perceptions, whereas the Americans did. We found that the middle-age Chinese professionals tended to make choices that were more different from the Americans than were the choices of the young Chinese management students. It is likely that these discrepancies were caused by cultural differences, with the younger Chinese tending to face a stronger Western influence. The insights from the survey results were enriched by interviews that revealed fairness perceptions of Chinese business and government executives. A framework to interpret cultural influences on decision making was also proposed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007000712537
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An experimental evaluation of the descriptive validity of lottery-dependent utility theory (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 3 (1990), S. 115-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Schlagwort(e): expected utility ; lottery-dependent utility ; preference assessment
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This article compares the performance of the expected utility (EU) and lottery-dependent expected utility (LDEU) models in predicting the actual choices of experimental subjects among risky options. In the process, we present two approaches for calibrating the LDEU model for an individual decision maker. The results indicate that while LDEU exhibits a higher potential for correctly predicting choice, the version of the model calibrated by indifference judgments does not outperform EU. We suggest a functional form for the parametric functions that defines the LDEU model, and discuss ways in which this function can be incorporated into choice-based assessment approaches to improve predictions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00056368
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Decision research with descriptive, normative, and prescriptive purposes — Some comments (1989)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 19 (1989), S. 485-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02283536
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preference intensity measurement (1989)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 19 (1989), S. 205-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The concept of preference intensity has been criticized over the past sixty years for having no substantive meaning. Much of the controversy stems from the inadequacy of measurement procedures. In reviewing the shortcomings of existing procedures, we identify three objectives for developing a satisfactory procedure: (1) the capability of validating expressed preference differences by actual choices among naturally occurring options, (2) compatibility with the existing problem structure, and (3) no confounding of extraneous factors in the measurement of preference intensity. Several recently developed measurement procedures are criticized for failing one or more of these objectives. We then examine three different approaches for measuring preference intensity based on multiple perspectives. Thereplication approach emerges as a promising way of satisfying the three objectives above. This methodology applies to problems where an attribute can be replicated by “parallel components” that are independent, identical copies of the attribute. We illustrate the approach with two applications reported in the decision analysis literature. We also offer guidance on how to construct parallel components satisfying the requisite properties.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02283521
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism and generalized utility theories: Theoretical predictions and empirical observations (1993)
    Springer
    Theory and decision 34 (1993), S. 83-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7187
    Schlagwort(e): Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism ; nonexpected utility models
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Karni and Safra [8] prove that the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism reveals a decision maker's true certainty equivalent of a lottery if and only if he satisfies the independence axiom. Segal [17] claims that this mechanism may reveal a violation of the reduction of compound lotteries axiom. This paper empirically tests these two interpretations. Our results show that the second interpretation fits better with the collected data. Moreover, we show by means of some nonexpected utility examples that these results are consistent with a wide range of functionals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01074895
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Decision making in the newsvendor problem: A cross-national laboratory study (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0305-0483
    Digitale ISSN: 1873-5274
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Elsevier
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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