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Biological control of Botrytis cinerea on chickpea seed with Trichoderma spp. and Gliocladium roseum: indigenous versus non-indigenous isolates (1997)

BURGESS, D. R. ; KEANE, P. J.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Plant pathology 46 (1997), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3059

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Establishment of chickpea seedlings from seed inoculated with Botrytis cinerea was increased under controlled environmental conditions by treatment of seed with Gliocladium roseum or Trichoderma virens. An isolate of G. roseum (GrH) from Horsham in the chickpea-growing region of western Victoria outperformed T. virens in three soil types, including one to which T. virens was indigenous. There was no effect of soil moisture on seedling establishment from seed treated with GrH, but recovery of G. roseum from seed in continuously wet soil was lower than from wet/dry soil. A factorial assay with three isolates of G. roseum and the soils from which they were isolated showed no interaction between isolate and soil type and no difference between isolates for establishment or recovery. In a field trial at Horsham sown in winter (July), seed treatment with GrH increased establishment from 26.0% (control) to 37.5%. Biocontrol by GrH was ineffective in a winter-sown field trial at Bundoora, but all three isolates increased establishment from 47.5% (control) to up to 87.5% in a trial at the same location sown in spring (October). The commercial implications of these observations are discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1997.d01-77.x

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Biocontrol of seedborne Botrytis cinerea in chickpea with Gliocladium roseum (1997)

BURGESS, D. R. ; BRETAG, T. ; KEANE, P. J.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Plant pathology 46 (1997), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3059

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: An isolate of Gliocladium roseum proved highly antagonistic to Botrytis cinerea. Sporulation of B. cinerea on chickpea seed naturally infected or inoculated with B. cinerea was suppressed by seed treatment with conidial suspensions of G. roseum at 107 and 108 conidia/mL, respectively. Establishment of healthy seedlings in punnets (small trays) 5 weeks after sowing with inoculated seed was increased from 29.2% to 59.7% by treatment with G. roseum at 3×107 conidia/mL, and from 1.4% to 69.4% with G. roseum at 3×108 conidia/mL, the latter being equivalent to disease control by Thiram. There was no significant effect of Rhizobium on disease suppression by G. roseum, and treatment with G. roseum at 108 conidia/mL did not reduce nodulation. Amendment with culture filtrates of G. roseum did not affect the growth rate of B. cinerea on potato dextrose agar, indicating that constitutive production of an antibiotic is not involved in biocontrol. A selective medium was developed to enumerate propagules of G. roseum on seed recovered from soil. There was no significant change in the population of G. roseum on seed after incubation for 4 weeks in soil to which the isolate of G. roseum was indigenous.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1997.d01-17.x

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Control of Phytophthora root rot of irrigated subterranean clover with potassium phosphonate in Victoria, Australia (1994)

GREENHALGH, F. C. ; BOER, R. F. ; MERRIMAN, P. R. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Plant pathology 43 (1994), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3059

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Phosphonic acid was more effective in inhibiting the production of sporangia of Phytophthora clandestina in sterile pond water (ED50= 1·4 p.p.m.) than it was in inhibiting the growth of mycelium of the fungus on either corn meal agar (ED50= 13·8p.p.m.) or lima bean agar (ED50= 236 p.p.m.). Experiments under controlled environmental conditions showed that better control of tap root rot of subterranean clover caused by P. clandestina was achieved by application of potassium phosphonate to a pasteurized soil mixture than by a spray on the foliage alone. However, in a soil from a pasture, foliar sprays were more effective than soil treatments. Application of superphosphate at a rate of 250 kg/ha or higher to the soil reduced the effectiveness of sprays. In three experiments in irrigated pastures a spray of potassium phosphonate at 300 or 313 ml/ha, applied to cotyledons of subterranean clover and to soil, reduced severity of Phytophthora root rot and increased the annual production of dry matter of the legume by 1·96 to 5·11 t/ha in comparison with untreated controls.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994.tb01650.x

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Colonization of roots of subterranean clover cultivars by virulent and avirulent races of Phytophthora clandestina (1998)

Purwantara, A. ; Flett, S. P. ; Keane, P. J.

Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Publishers

Plant pathology 47 (1998), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3059

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: The colonization of the roots of four cultivars of subterranean clover by isolates representing four races of Phytophthora clandestina was studied. There was a highly significant race × cultivar interaction in the growth of inoculated tap roots and the degree of colonization of roots by the pathogen. While all races were able to infect the roots of all cultivars tested, roots of the susceptible cultivars were colonized more rapidly and extensively than those of the resistant cultivars. In compatible combinations, fungal colonization extended for a few centimetres in the tap root and lateral roots in the moderately susceptible cultivars Trikkala and Meteora, or throughout the whole root system leading to the death of the host in the very susceptible cultivar Woogenellup. In contrast, limited fungal colonization of the tap root and lack of extension of the fungus into lateral roots was typical of incompatible combinations. In all cultivars, lateral roots were as susceptible to infection as tap roots. The number of lateral roots of Woogenellup was significantly reduced by infection. However, neither the rate of lateral root formation nor the total number of lateral roots of Seaton Park, Meteora and Trikkala was reduced by infection with virulent or avirulent races of the pathogen.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1998.00197.x

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Relative importance of root rots of subterranean clover caused by Aphanomyces euteiches and Phytophthora clandestina (1988)

GREENHALGH, F. C. ; MERRIMAN, P. R ; KEANE, P. J.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Plant pathology 37 (1988), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3059

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: In a growth-cabinet experiment, Aphanomyces euteiches caused more severe root disease and greater reductions in root and shoot weights of subterranean clover cv. Mount Barker than Phytophthora clandestina in pasteurized sandy loam flooded with water for a 24-h period each week. A. euteiches also reduced plant growth more than P. clandestina in untreated sandy loam. In a similar experiment, both fungi caused the same amount of disease and reduction in growth of cv. Yarloop in pasteurized clay loam flooded for 24 h each week, and P. clandestina caused more disease and a greater decrease in plant growth than A. euteiches when the soil was flooded for 4 h each week. The pathogens did not interact positively in either soil. In an irrigated pasture, soil drenches with the fungicides metalaxyl and fenaminosulf together reduced both root rots to low levels and increased subterranean clover dry matter by 1 96, 0.50 and 1 20 t/ha in the autumn, winter and spring of 1985, respectively, and by 0.59 t/ha in the autumn of 1986. Results suggest that P. clandestina caused most of these losses in yield.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1988.tb02084.x

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The effect of regeneration burns on the growth, nutrient acquisition and mycorrhizae of Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell. (mountain ash) seedlings (1999)

Launonen, T. M. ; Ashton, D. H. ; Keane, P. J.

Springer

Plant and soil 210 (1999), S. 273-283

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: ectomycorrhizae ; Eucalyptus regnans ; forest burns ; nitrogen ; phosphorus

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract This study was conducted to compare the effects on the growth of Eucalyptus regnans seedlings of unheated soil and soil heated to different extents (as indicated by soil colour–bright red or black) in burnt logging coupes, and to separate the effects of heating of the soil on direct nutrient availability and on morphotypes and effectiveness of ectomycorrhizae. Burnt soils were collected from three logging coupes burnt 2, 14 and 25 months previously and unbumt soil from adjacent regrowth forests. Compared to unburnt soil, the early seedling growth was stimulated in black burnt soil from all coupes (burnt 2, 14 and 25 months previously). Seedling growth was generally poor in red burnt soil, especially in soil collected 2 months after burning. However, the concentration of extractable P was extremely high in red burnt soil, especially in soil collected 2 months after burning. In black burnt soil, extractable P was increased in soil 2 months after burning, but not in the soils collected 14 or 25 months after burning. However, both total P content and concentration in seedlings were increased in all collections of black burnt soil. Frequency of ectomycorrhizae was high in seedlings grown in all black burnt soils, but the mycorrhizal mantles were poorly developed in seedlings in black burnt soil collected 2 months after burning. Seedlings were also ectomycorrhizal in red burnt soil, except in soil collected 2 months after burning. Fine root inocula from seedlings grown in black burnt soils collected 14 and 25 months after burning significantly stimulated both seedling growth and P uptake compared with the uninoculated control, whereas the fine root inocula from the seedlings grown in all the other soils did not. These results suggest that, in black burnt soil, both direct nutritional changes and changes in the ectomycorrhizae may contribute to seedling growth promotion after regeneration burns. The generally poor seedling growth in red burnt soils is likely to have been due to N deficiency as the seedlings in these soils were yellow-green and the tissue concentrations of N were significantly lower than in other treatments.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004609912315

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