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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Southern Hemisphere blocking: A comparison between two indices (1990)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 42 (1990), S. 165-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary Two different blocking indices are computed for the Southern Hemisphere for the period 1979–1985, one is based on sea level pressure and the other on upper tropospheric zonal wind. The Southern Hemisphere blocking climatology based on these two indices separately presents very similar results, mainly in identifying the region of maximum occurrence over eastern Australia and the western Pacific. The sea level presure index shows strong orographic influences, while the 250hPa zonal wind index is not affected by orography but does exaggerate seasonal variations. It is apparent that blocking occurrence in the eastern Australia and neighbouring areas has a link with climatological atmospheric features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314822
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interannual variability of the upper tropospheric circulation (1998)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 68 (1998), S. 143-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary Seventeen years of sea level pressure (SLP), 200-hPa zonal wind and 500-hPa geopotential height data were used to investigate the boreal winter and summer interannual (IA) circulation patterns. The IA patterns for these variables and for their zonally asymmetric (ZA) part were determined by performing empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses on the SLP and on ZA SLP. The corresponding patterns for the other variables were obtained by correlating their time series with the amplitude time series of these EOF analyses. For both seasons, the SLP and ZA SLP show a zonal wavenumber one pattern extending from the tropics into the winter hemisphere extratropics, which is consistent with the circulation anomalies related to the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles. The zonal wavenumber one pattern observed for the boreal winter describes the SLP and ZA SLP variations related to the mature state of the El Niño and La Niña episodes, and that for the summer, the SLP and ZA SLP variations associated with the initial or decay stages of these phenomena. The 200-hPa zonal wind and 500-hPa geopotential height patterns exhibit strong seasonal dependence, and the ZA parts of these two variables show even more pronounced seasonal differences. These results indicate that the seasonal cycle of the atmospheric circulation, in particular at the upper tropospheric levels, might play an important role in extending the IA wavetrain-like structure into the subtropics as noted for the 200-hPa zonal wind and its ZA part in the Pacific/Americas sector. This wavetrain-like structure shows its Southern Hemisphere (SH) and Northern Hemisphere (NH) branches for the boreal winter, and only its SH branch, for the boreal summer. Thus, the effects of the seasonal cycle of the atmospheric circulation on the IA patterns seem to be stronger for the NH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01030206
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Southeastern pacific blocking episodes and their effects on the South American weather (1999)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 69 (1999), S. 145-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary Southeastern Pacific blocking episodes are studied using 17 years of reanalyzed daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The anomalous sea level pressure (SLP) within the area bounded by the longitudes of 130° W and 100° W and the latitudes of 50° S and 70° S is used as the base variable to determine periods with 7 or more sequential days with positive anomalies in this domain. Using these periods, composites are calculated for the SLP and its anomalies, 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies and the 250-hPa and 925-hPa wind vectors in the western southern hemisphere (SH). Composites for austral winter and summer exhibit atmospheric circulation features quite similar to those associated with the blocking episodes in the southeastern Pacific. The corresponding composite patterns of the precipitable water (Pw) and 925-hPa temperature anomalies for the South American sector are also discussed. For both seasons blocking episodes in the southeastern Pacific change the distributions of these thermodynamic variables over South America, in particular in its southern and southeastern regions by reducing (increasing) the Pw and low-level temperature in the southern South America (the central part of the continent). Therefore, monitoring the southeastern Pacific circulation patterns may lead to improved weather forecast for the South American sector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01030418
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-frequency patterns of the atmospheric circulation over the southern hemisphere and South America (1999)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 69 (1999), S. 179-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary Daily 500-hPa geopotential height and 250-hPa meridional wind reanalyzed data obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction are used to document austral winter (May to September) and summer (November to March) high-frequency variability in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) midlatitudes for the 1990–1994 period. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) technique is used to determine the high-frequency patterns for these variables in selected areas. The high-frequency anomalous 500-hPa geopotential height patterns for two areas in the SH midlatitudes (the zonally global domain and the western hemisphere) and the high-frequency anomalous 250-hPa meridional wind patterns in the western hemisphere between 15° N and 70° S are discussed. The high-frequency winter and summer patterns for both variables feature a wavetrain structure in the SH midlatitudes which is related to synoptic-scale systems, such as cyclones and anticyclones associated with frontal zones. The dominant high-frequency patterns in the SH midlatitudes manifest in the eastern hemisphere while the secondary ones appear in the southeastern Pacific. Analysis of the western hemisphere data reveal that the wavetrain in the South American sector extends northeastward over the continent, thus affecting the regional weather conditions. An important result presented here concerns the preference of the intense synoptic systems in the eastern hemisphere and in the southeastern Pacific to occur in a sequential instead of an intermittent fashion. This result might have a potential for being used in weather monitoring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01030420
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Summer circulation patterns related to the upper tropospheric vortices over the Tropical South Atlantic (1997)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 64 (1997), S. 203-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary Daily 200-hPa relative vorticity data have been used to study the dominant patterns related to the cyclonic vortices over the South Atlantic Ocean in the vicinities of northeast Brazil, during the 1980–1989 period. Reference modes were obtained through empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the 200-hPa filtered vorticity anomalies over northeast Brazil, considering all the southern hemisphere (SH) summers within the study period. The amplitude time series of the first reference mode, separately for each SH summer, was correlated with the corresponding filtered vorticity anomalies in a larger area extending from 20°N to 40°S and between 120°W and 20°W. The correlation patterns feature a wave-like structure along eastern South America, with three main centers: the first one, over the South Atlantic off the northeast Brazil coast, is associated with the cyclonic vortices; the second one, over eastern Brazil, represents the corresponding anomalously amplified ridges; and the third one, over southern Brazil/Uruguay, is related to the equatorward incursions of midlatitude upper level troughs. This wave-like pattern is consistent with the vortex formation mechanism suggested in previous works. Another wave-like pattern southwest-northeast oriented is evident over the tropical southeastern Pacific, for some years. The internannual variability of these patterns is discussed in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029693
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of global tropospheric teleconnections using observed satellite and general circulation model total ozone column data for 1979–91 (1998)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 14 (1998), S. 133-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  The total ozone column is well correlated with tropospheric fields such as the heights of the upper tropospheric geopotential surfaces and thus it can provide useful information on temporal variability in the troposphere. The global availability of long period satellite measurements of the total ozone column, taken by the TOMS instruments since 1978, provides a valuable and independent data set for use in studies of seasonal and interannual climate variability. In this study, the global low-frequency seasonal teleconnections in the observed TOMS data from 1979–91 have been investigated using seasonal teleconnectivity maps and empirical orthogonal function analysis. They have also been compared with the results from a simulation made with the atmospheric GCM at Météo-France, having prescribed observed sea surface temperatures for the same period. In the observed total ozone, strong ENSO-related wave number one longitudinal dipole patterns are seen in both the tropics and in the Southern Hemisphere extratropics. The model shows much weaker variability in total ozone yet appears to be able to capture similar teleconnection patterns in the tropics related to ENSO. In the SH extratropics, the model total ozone shows a strong wave number 3 response rather than the wave number one dipole seen in the observations. A wave number 3 response is also evident in the 200 hPa geopotential height simulated by the model and in the NCEP analysis, and is consistent with the response in a linearised barotropic model forced in the Indonesian region. The different responses in the modelled and observed total ozone, suggest that tropopause effect is not the major factor in the SH extratropics, and it is likely that horizontal ozone transport also plays a role in this region. Despite a generally poor simulation of the zonal mean total ozone, the model was able to capture the anomalous strengthening of the SH stationary waves during austral spring of 1988, related to an intense stratosphere sudden warming.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050214
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  • 7
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    Southern Hemisphere blocking: A comparison between two indices (1990)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0177-7971
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-5065
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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    A note on the precipitation anomalies in southern South America associated with ENSO variability in the Tropical Pacific (2003)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0177-7971
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-5065
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Propagation of the sea-surface temperature anomalies in the Tropical Atlantic (2003)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0177-7971
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-5065
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    High-frequency patterns of the atmospheric circulation over the southern hemisphere and South America (1999)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0177-7971
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-5065
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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