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  • 1
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The movements of juvenile burbot Lota lota were monitored continuously with an overall efficiency of 92·5%. The results show that passive integrated transponder (PIT) systems (or variations of them) are highly valuable for behavioural studies of small nocturnal fish species at the laboratory or mesocosm scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in nondestructive evaluation 9 (1997), S. 137-146 
    ISSN: 1432-2110
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract. A 13-mJoule NdYAG 1064-nm, 4-nsec laser pulse was employed to produce ultrasonic plate waves in 20% porous SiC/SiC composite tensile specimens of three different architectures. An air-coupled 0.5-MHz transducer was used to detect and collect the waveforms that contained first antisymmetric plate wave pulses for determining the group velocity (VS). These results were compared to VS values determined on the same specimens with 0.5-MHz ultrasonic transducers with contact coupling. Averages of four noncontact determinations on each of 18 specimens were compared to averages of four contact values. The noncontact VSs fall in the same range as the contact. The standard deviations for the noncontact VS values averaged 2.8%. The standard deviations for the contact measurements averaged 2.3%, indicating similar reproducibility. Repeated laser pulsing at the same location always leads to deterioration of the ultrasonic signal. The signal would recover in about 24 h in air, however, indicating that no permanent damage was produced.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 90-97 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Erfahrungen mit ferritischen und austenitischen Stählen sowie hochlegierten Werkstoffen für überhitzer, insbesondere Zwischenüberhitzer kohlebefeuerter DampferzeugerDas Verhalten von Überhitzer- bzw. Zwischenüberhitzerrohren in kohlebefeuerten Anlagen aus ferritischen und austenitischen Stählen gegenüber Hochtemperatur-Korrosion ist in der Vergangenheit Gegenstand verschiedener Untersuchungen gewesen. Durch den Einsatz des Stahles X 20 CrMo V 12 1 in den 60er Jahren glaubte man, ein gegen Hochtemperaturkorrosion beständiges Material gefunden zu haben. Aber schon nach 60 000 Betriebsstunden traten erste Rohrreisser auf. Infolge der Veränderungen auf dem Brennstoffsektor Anfang der 60er Jahre schwand das Interesse and der Lösung dieses Problems um mit der Energiekrise wieder an Aktualität-zu gewinnen.In England und in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika hatte man schon vor mehr als 20 Jahren mit der Entwicklung von Rohrwerkstoffen mit verbesserter Beständigkeit gegen Hochtemperaturkorrosion begonnen. So kamen z. B. Verbundrohre, die aus einem warmfesten Kernrohr aus Incoloy 800 H und einem Außenrohr aus Inconel 671 bestehen, zum Einsatz. Sie haben sich in kohlebefeuerten Anlagen ausgezeichnet bewährt. Von der Deutschen Babcockwerke AG wurde vorgeschlagen, ein derartiges Rohr versuchsweise in Kessel 14, Block 3, des Großkraftwerkes Mannheim einzubauen. Das Versuchsrohr war mit X 20 CrMoV 12 1 vorgeschuht, so daß ein unmittelbarer Vergleich beider Rohrwerkstoffe möglich ist. Nach rund 22 000 Betriebsstunden wurde das Rohr zur Untersuchung ausgebaut. Der Abtrag bzw. der Korrosionsangriff war äußerst gering. Hierüber und über die Gefügeveränderung im Werkstoff wird berichtet.
    Notes: In the past the performance of superheater and reheater tubes in coal-fired systems manufactured of ferritic and austenitic steels with respect to high-temperature corrosion has been the subject of various studies. After having adopted the steel X20 CrMo V 12 1 in the sixties the assumption was to have found a high-temperature corrosion resistant material. But already after 60,000 operating hours first tube failures occurred. As a result of the changes in fuel application at the beginning of the sixties interest in solving this problem faded, only to regain significance after the energy crisis.Already more than 20 years ago in England and the United States of America the development of tube materials having an upgraded corrosion resistance had started. Thus, e.g. compound tubes consisting of a creep-resistant tube core made of Incoloy 800 H and a cladding tube of Inconel 671 were introduced. They exhibited excellent characteristics in coal-fired units. Deutsche Babcock AG suggested to install, for test purposes, such a tube in Boiler 14, Unit 3 of Grosskraftwerk Mannheim. The test tube had safe ends of X 20 CrMO V 12 1, thus allowing a direct comparison of the two tube materials. After 22, 000 operating hours the tube was removed for examination. Wall reduction and corrosion damage was found to be extremely small.The paper will discuss this finding and the microstructure modifications in the material.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 18 (1885), S. 1367-1371 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Two types of neural networks were used to evaluate acousto-ultrasonic (AU) data for material characterization and mechanical reponse prediction. The neural networks included a simple feedforward network (backpropagation) and a radial basis functions network. Comparisons of results in terms of accuracy and training time are given. Acousto-ultrasonic (AU) measurements were performed on a series of tensile specimens composed of eight laminated layers of continuous, SiC fiber reinforced Ti-15-3 matrix. The frequency spectrum was dominated by frequencies of longitudinal wave resonance through the thickness of the specimen at the sending transducer. The magnitude of the frequency spectrum of the AU signal was used for calculating a stress-wave factor based on integrating the spectral distribution function and used for comparison with neural networks results.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Computing Systems in Engineering (ISSN 0956-0521); 3; 1-4; p. 539-544.
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A technique for measuring ultrasonic velocity was used to monitor changes that occur during processing and heat treatment of a SiC/RBSM composite. Results indicated that correlations exist between the ultrasonic velocity data and elastic modulus and interfacial shear strength data determined from mechanical tests. The ultrasonic velocity data can differentiate strength. The advantages and potential of this nondestructive evaluation method for fiber reinfoced ceramic matrix composite applications are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings (ISSN 0196-6219); 12; 1139-115
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A preliminary investigation is conducted to define capabilities and limitations of ultrasonic and acousto-ultrasonic measurements related to mechanical properties of filament wound graphite/epoxy composite structures. The structures studied are segments of filament wound cylinders formed of multiple layers of hoop and helical windings. The segments consist of 24 to 35 layers and range from 3.02 to 3.34 cm in wall thickness. The resultant structures are anisotropic, heterogeneous, porous, and highly attenuating to ultrasonic frequencies greater than 1 MHz. The segments represent structures to be used for Space Shuttle booster cases.Ultrasonic velocity and acousto-ultrasonic stress wave factor measurement approaches are discussed. Correlations among velocity, density, and porosity, and between the acousto-ultrasonic stress wave factor and interlaminar shear strength are presented.
    Keywords: QUALITY ASSURANCE AND RELIABILITY
    Type: Materials Evaluation (ISSN 0025-5327); 45; 1404-141
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-10
    Description: Impurity effects on radiation damage in silicon solar cells, relating acceptor or donor to diffusion length in base region
    Keywords: CHEMISTRY
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: About 40 structure types for solid conductors of Na(+) and K(+) ions are surveyed. Five compounds in three structure types are discovered to be good solid conductors of alkali metal ions, capable of ion transport with conductivities in the vicinity of 0.00001/ohm-cm at 25 C. These compounds are a bcc form of NaSbO3, an orthorhombic layer structure of the composition 2M2O.3Nb2O5 with M equal to Na or K, and the Na pyrochlores NaTa2O5F and NaTaWO6. Ion exchange is required to produce each of these Na compounds. Only the 2K2O.3Nb2O5 can so far be synthesized directly from the oxides and thus is the only one which can be sintered readily. The niobate is about as good a conductor of K(+) ion as is K-beta alumina. The NaSbO3 compares well with Na beta at 280 C. A number of phase diagrams are developed.
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
    Type: Electrochemical Society; vol. 123
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The approach given depends on treating material microstructures as elastomechanical filters that have analytically definable transfer functions. These transfer functions can be defined in terms of the frequency dependence of the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient. The transfer function concept provides a basis for synthesizing expressions that characterize polycrystalline materials relative to microstructural factors such as mean grain size, grain-size distribution functions, and grain boundary energy transmission. Although the approach is nonrigorous, it leads to a rational basis for combining the previously mentioned diverse and fragmented equations for ultrasonic attenuation coefficients.
    Keywords: ACOUSTICS
    Type: Analytical Ultrasonics in Materials Research and Testing; p 251-297
    Format: application/pdf
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