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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 49 (1993), S. 1-16 
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We discussed the detailed current structures over the continental shelf off the San'in Coast in June 1988 and June 1989, using ADCP (acoustic Doppler current profiler) data, which were taken by the quadrireciprocal method (Katoh, 1988) for removing tidal currents from observed currents. In waters northwest of Hagi (Yamaguchi Pref.) and Hamada (Shimane Pref.), two mainly northeastward current cores were observed on each of transects. The offshore current core is baroclinic in relation to the bottom cold water with temperature below 10°C, and has velocities mostly between 0.5 and 0.8kt (26 and 41 cm s−1) at 20 m depth. The onshore current core, which is barotropic, has velocities between 0.3 and 0.5 kt (15 and 26 cm s−1) at 20 m depth. In waters northwest of Izumo (Shimane Pref.), where the width of the continental shelf is narrow, it is difficult to distinguish between the two current cores, because the offshore core tends to join the onshore one. Estimating the magnitude of each term in the diurnally averaged equation of motion for about 3.3 nautical miles (6.1 km), we found that the orders of the inertia term and the gradient of tidal stress were 10−4 cm s−2, and the order of the Coriolis force was 10−3 cm s−2. Near the bottom northwest of Hagi and Hamada, two bands of countercurrents were found; one was slightly offshore of the intersection between the continental shelf and permanent thermocline, and the other was in the water colder than 5°C ridging on the continental shelf.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 52 (1996), S. 93-108 
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In order to clarify detailed current structures west of Kyushu, ADCP measurements were carried out in July and September 1990 by the quadrireciprocal method (Katoh, 1988) for removing diurnal and semidiurnal tidal flows from observed flows. On the basis of these results, together with data of routine oceanographic observations, we study the downstream transition of the Tsushima Current west of Kyushu in summer. In the southwest of the Goto Islands, a northward current identified as the Tsushima Current was clearly found. In the south of Cheju, a westward current bifurcated from the Tsushima Current. In the northwest of the Goto Islands, the Tsushima Current narrowed and its velocity became strengthened. Salinity of the Tsushima Current water was much diluted by a current from the Cheju Strait. Near the west coast of the Goto Islands, a countercurrent bifurcating from the Tsushima Current often occurred. The volume transport of the Tsushima Current was 2.3 Sv (1 Sv=106 m3s−1) on the northern side of latitude 31°N. The substantial bifurcation of the Tsushima Current toward the Eastern and Western Channels of the Tsushima Strait occurred in the vicinity of Tsushima. The volume transport through the Western Channel was two to three times larger than that through the Eastern Channel. The baroclinic component in volume transport of the Tsushima Current west of Kyushu was much smaller than that in the Japan Sea.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 49 (1993), S. 17-30 
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We discussed the detailed current structures in the Eastern Channel of the Tsushima Strait, using four sets of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data, which were taken by the quadrireciprocal method (Katoh, 1988), for removing tidal currents, in summers of 1987–1989. In the Eastern Channel, diurnally averaged currents balanced almost geostrophically. In the upper layer of the deepest part of the Eastern Channel, there existed a current core which corresponded to one branch of the Tsushima Current. The current direction in this core was between NE and ENE in all observations but the magnitude of velocity in 1987 differed largely from that in 1988. Another current core with lower velocities was found near the north coast of Kyushu. Near the bottom at the deepest part of the Eastern Channel, the velocity was more or less 0.3 kt (15 cm s−1). Along the east coast of Tsushima and in waters northeast of it, countercurrents were observed. The continuity of these countercurrents was interpreted as follows: A part of the current flowing from the Western Channel of the Tsushima Strait into the Japan Sea turns clockwise in waters northeast of Tsushima, and flows southwestward along the east coast of Tsushima. The southwestward current along Tsushima was correlated with the northeastward current in the central part of the Eastern Channel. The transport through the Eastern Channel was between 0.59 and 1.30 Sv (1 Sv=106 m3s−1). The baroclinic component, which was defined as the transport based on calculations of geostrophic current with assuming zero velocity near the bottom, was very small.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 52 (1996), S. 747-761 
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We discussed the branching and joining of the Tsushima Current around the Oki Islands, based on ADCP and CTD measurements carried out in June 1990 by the quadrireciprocal method (Katoh, 1988). The volume transport of the northeastward current northwest of the Izumo Coast was about 2 Sv. The triple-branch structure of the Tsushima Current was obscure there. This northeastward current divided into the eastward and northward currents, with volume transports of 0.5 Sv and 1.5 Sv, respectively, at the west entrance of the Oki Strait. Most of the first branch of the Tsushima Current seemed to be separated again from the other confluent branches and to pass through the Oki Strait as this eastward current. The northward current was composed of the second and the third branches of the Tsushima Current. It detoured the Oki Islands, and almost all of it returned south to the Tajima Coast. In the vicinity of the Tajima Coast, the eastward current was abruptly strengthened through the confluence of the southward one which was originated from the northward current west of the Oki Islands. This showed that the first branch finally joined the compound of the second and the third branches detouring the Oki Islands. Between the Oki Strait and the Tajima Coast, the two-layer structure of currents was clearly found.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 50 (1994), S. 51-64 
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We discussed the short-term fluctuations of the Tsushima Current, using ADCP (acoustic Doppler current profiler) data taken by the quadrireciprocal method (Katoh, 1988) for removing tidal currents from observed currents. Transects were set in waters northwest of Yamaguchi Prefecture to capture the first and second branches of the Tsushima Current. Along the transects, ADCP and STD (salinitytemperature-depth recorder) measurements were repeated in May to July 1989. The velocity of the first branch fluctuated considerably in a short period, while the direction and position of its axis were steadly. The stability of its axis position probably results from the topographic β effect. The baroclinic transport, which is based on calculations of geostrophic current with assuming zero velocity near the bottom, of the first branch was almost equal to the barotropic one. The range of fluctuation in the barotropic transport was much larger than that in the baroclinic transport. The barotropic fluctuation was correlated with the difference in atmospheric pressure between the east and west sides of the Tsushima Strait. As for the second branch, not only the velocity but also the position of its axis changed noticeably in a short period. There was such a case where the axis was hardly recognized. The changeability of the axis position for the second branch seems to result from that of the cold water front. The baroclinic transport of the second branch was much larger than the barotropic one, but the ranges of their fluctuations were very similar with each other.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 50 (1994), S. 317-338 
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We discuss the structure of the Tsushima Current in the southwestern Japan Sea using ADCP data, which are taken by the quadrireciprocal method (Katoh, 1988) for removing tidal currents, and previous temperature data. The first, second and third branches described in the triple-branch view are recognized in three observational periods: June and August 1988 and in June 1989. The first branch basically flows eastward along the 100 m isobath. Its velocity is mostly 0.5–1.0 kt (26–51 cm s−1) and 0.4–0.6 kt (21–31 cm s−1) in the Eastern Channel of the Tsushima Strait and off the San'in Coast, respectively. In waters north of Mishima, however, a part of the first branch happens to flow northeastward, without turning clockwise along the 100 m isobath. In waters northwest of Izumo, the remainder of the first branch tends to join the second one. The second branch, which has velocities of 0.5–0.8 kt (26–41 cm s−1) in general, flows eastward along a bunch of crowded isotherms at 100 m depth. The observational results clearly illustrate the changeability of the second branch. The maximum velocity of the third branch must be larger than those of the other two branches. The Tsushima Current after leaving the Western Channel is very changeable spatially and temporally, probably because the bifurcation occurs intermittently or transiently resulting from the fluctuation of inflow through the Western Channel and from that of spread of the cold water. The bifurcation into the second and third branches becomes often obscure north of Hamada owing to confluences, even though it is recognized near the Western Channel.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In order to clarify detailed current structures over the continental shelf margin in the East China Sea, ADCP measurements were carried out in summers in 1991 and 1994 by the quadrireciprocal method (Katoh, 1988) for removing diurnal and semidiurnal tidal flows from observed flows, together with CTD measurements. We discussed the process of the Tsushima Current formation in the East China Sea. The Tsushima Current with a volume transport of 2 Sv (1 Sv=106 m3s−1) was found north of 31°N. A current with a volume transport of 0.4 Sv was clearly found along the 100 m isobath. Between the Kuroshio and the current along the 100 m isobath, southeastward component of velocity was dominant compared to northwestward one. Four eastward to southeastward currents were found over the sea bed shallower than 90 m depth. Total volume transport of these four currents was 1 Sv, and they seemed to be originated from the Taiwan Strait. Intrusion of offshore water into the inner shelf northwest of Amami Oshima was estimated to have a volume transport of 0.6 Sv. It is concluded that the Tsushima Current is the confluence of these currents over the continental shelf margin with the offshore water intruding northwest of Amami Oshima.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-04-10
    Print ISSN: 0916-8370
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-868X
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
  • 10
    Publication Date: 1993-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0916-8370
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-868X
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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