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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 30 (1994), S. 9-16 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über Ergebnisse einer numerischen Studie berichtet, welche die Ermittlung des Gleichgewichtszustandes bei Konvektion von Wasser in Gegenwart von Eis in einem geneigten, rechteckigen, mit porösem Medium befüllten Behälter zum Ziele hatte. Eine Seite des Behälters wird über Schmelztemperatur, die andere darunter gehalten, während die übrigen zwei Seiten wärmedicht sind. Die Auswertung der Resultate erfolgt hinsichtlich des Dichteinversionsparameters, des Neigungswinkels und der Kühlplattentemperatur. Unterhalb einer Heiztemperatur von 25°C wird der Gleichgewichtszustand des Eis/Wasser-Systems entscheidend durch das Phänomen der Dichteanomalie beeinflußt. In einem Vertikalbehälter verursacht letztere die Ausbildung von zwei gegensinnig drehenden Walzen, was zu einer Verbreiterung der Wasserzone am Boden gegenüber der im oberen Bereich führt. Bei geneigtem Behälter existieren zwei Lösungszweige, welche die Boden-bzw. die Seitenheizungscharakteristik repräsentieren (Bénard- und Seitenheizungszweig). Aufgrund der Dichteinversion kann die Lösung auf dem Bénardzweig bei kleinen Neigungswinkeln oszillatorisches Verhalten anstatt Konvergenz liefern. Auf dem anderen Zweig ergibt sich bei 70° Neigungswinkel ein Maximum des Wärmestroms. Das Volumen der Wasserzone zeigt nur schwache Abhängigkeit vom Neigungswinkel. Bei Berücksichtigung des Unterkühlungseffektes führt die Wechselwirkung zwischen Leitung in der festen und Konvektion in der flüssigen Phase zu einer Gleichgewichtsstruktur der Eis/Wasser-Grenzfläche, welche bei einigen intermediären Kühlungsplattentemperaturen äußerst starke Unregelmäßigkeiten aufweist.
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports on the results of a numerical study on the equilibrium state of the convection of water in the presence of ice in an inclined rectangular cavity filled with a porous medium. One side of the cavity is maintained at a temperature higher than the fusion temperature while the opposite side is cooled to a temperature lower than the fusion temperature. The two remaining sides are insulated. Results are analysed in terms of the density inversion parameter, the tilt angle, and the cooling temperature. It appears that the phenomenon of density inversion plays an important role in the equilibrium of an ice-water system when the heating temperature is below 20°. In a vertical cavity, the density inversion causes the formation of two counterrotating vortices leading to a water volume which is wider at the bottom than at the top. When the cavity is inclined, there exist two branches of solutions which exhibit the bottom heating and the side heating characteristics, respectively (the Bénard and side heating branches). Due to the inversion of density, the solution on the Bénard branch may fail to converge to a steady state at small tilt angles and exhibits an oscillating behavior. On the side heating branch, a maximum heat transfer rate is obtained at a tilt angle of about 70° but the water volume was found to depend very weakly on the inclination of the cavity. Under the effect of subcooling, the interplay between conduction in the solid phase and convection in the liquid leads to an equilibrium ice-water interface which is most distorted at some intermediate cooling temperature.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 71-85 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper is devoted to a numerical investigation of the free convection flow about a horizontal cylinder maintained at 0 °C in a water ambient close to the point of maximum density. Complete numerical solutions covering both the transient as well as steady state have been obtained. Principal results indicate that the proximity of the ambient temperature to the point of maximum density plays an important role in the type of convection pattern that may be obtained. When the ambient temperature is within 4.7 °C〈Tamb〈8 °C, a "dual flow'' appears around the cylinder with both upward and downward flow occurring in proximity to the cylinder in two distinct recirculating zones, generally separated by the 4 °C isotherm when Tamb〈5.7 °C. The dual flow behavior is significantly modified as the ambient temperature is altered, disappearing when the ambient temperature is above 8 °C, or below 4.7 °C. Furthermore, when the ambient temperature is within about 4.8 °C〈Tamb〈5.5 °C, a well-defined steady state is never attained. Within this same range, solutions with an initially quasiperiodic behavior which persist for a long time have been observed. Multiple solutions have been observed when the above range of ambient temperature is approached from either side. The results of the computations have been compared with published experimental and numerical data with satisfactory agreement being obtained.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 32 (1997), S. 167-174 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung  In der Arbeit wird über die Ergebnisse einer numerischen Studie, betreffend die stationäre Konvektionsströmung und den stationären Wärmeübergang in einer rechteckigen, mit einem porösen, phasenveränderlichen Medium (PCM) verfüllten Kavität, berichtet. Den zwei vertikalen Berandungen der Kavität sind zwei, den Schmelzpunkt des PCM einschließende Temperaturen aufgeprägt, während die beiden horizontalen Berandungen adiabat gehalten werden. Das poröse Medium ist durch einen anisotropen Permeabilitätstensor charakterisiert, dessen Hauptachsen bezüglich des Gravitationsvektors beliebig orientiert sein können. Das Problem ist durch das Seitenverhältnis A, die Rayleigh–Zahl Ra, das Anisotropienverhältnis R und den Orientierungswinkel Θ des Permeabilitätstensor bestimmt. Hauptaugenmerk gilt dem Einfluß der anisotropen Permeabilität auf das Strömungsverhalten und den Wärme-übergang beim Phasenwechselprozeß flüssig/fest. Die Lösungsmethode basiert auf dem Kontrollvolumenprinzip in Verbindung mit der Landau-Transformation über welche das irreguläre Strömungsgebiet in ein rechteckiges abgebildet wird. Ergebnisse bezüglich Strömungsfeld, Temperaturverteilung, Phasengrenzenort und Wärmeübergang werden fürA=2, 5;Ra=40; 0≤Θ≤π; 0, 25≤R≤4 mitgeteilt. Es zeigte sich, daß der Gleichgewichtszustand des Phasenwechselsprozesses fest/flüssig sowohl durch das Anisotropieverhältnis R als auch durch den Orientierungswinkel Θ des Permeabilitätstensors wesentlich beeinflußt werden kann. Zum einen existiert bei festgehaltenen ParameternA, Ra undR eine optimale Orientierung Θmax, bei der die Stromstärke, das Flüssigkeitsvolumen und der Wärmestrom Maximalwerte erreichen, während für Θmin=Θmax+π/2 Minimalwerte resultieren. Ist das anisotrope Medium entlang der Optimalrichtung Θmax orientiert, so ergibt sich zum anderen, daß eine Vergrößerung der in diese Richtung fallenden Permeabilitätskomponente die Stromstärke und den Wärmestrom in gleichem Maße erhöht, während eine Vergrößerung der anderen Permeabilitätskomponente nur vernachlässigbaren Einfluß hat. In den untersuchten Parameterbereichen lag die Optimalrichtung zwischen dem Gravitationsvektor und der Hauptstromrichtung.
    Notes: Abstract  This paper reports on the results of a numerical study of convection flow and heat transfer in a rectangular porous cavity filled with a phase change material under steady state conditions. The two vertical walls of the cavity are subject respectively to temperatures below and above the melting point of the PCM while adiabatic conditions are imposed on the horizontal walls. The porous medium is characterized by an anisotropic permeability tensor with the principal axes arbitrarily oriented with respect to the gravity vector. The problem is governed by the aspect ratioA, the Rayleigh numberRa, the anisotropy ratioR and the orientation angle θ of the permeability tensor. Attention is focused on these two latter parameters in order to investigate the effects of the anisotropic permeability on the fluid flow and heat transfer of the liquid/solid phase change process. The method of solution is based on the control volume approach in conjunction with the Landau-transformation to map the irregular flow domain into a rectangular one. The results are obtained for the flow field, temperature distribution, interface position and heat transfer rate forA=2.5,Ra=40, 0≤θ≤π, 0.25≤R≤4. It was found that the equilibrium state of the solid/liquid phase change process may be strongly influenced by the anisotropy ratioR as well as by the orientation angle θ of the permeability tensor. First, for a given set of parametersA,Ra andR, there exists an optimum orientation θmax for which the flow strength, the liquid volume and the heat transfer rate are maximum. There also exists an orientation θmin=θmax+π/2 for which these quantities are minimum. Second, when an anisotropic medium is oriented along the optimum direction θmax, an increase of the permeability component along that direction will increase the flow and heat transfer rate in a same order while an increase of the other permeability component only has a negligible effect. For the parameter ranges considered in the present study, it was found that the optimum direction is lying between the gravity vector and the dominant flow direction.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied mathematics and mechanics 8 (1987), S. 219-228 
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The unsteady natural convection flow in a square cavity at high Rayleigh number Ra=10 7 and 2×10 7 has been computed using cubic spline integration. The required solutions to the two dimensional Navier-Stokes and energy equations have been obtained using two alternate numerical formulations on non-uniform grids. The main features of the transient flow have been briefly discussed. The results obtained by using the present method are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions [1,2].The steady state results have been compared with accurate solutions presented recently for Ra=10 7.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 7 (1987), S. 465-488 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Free Surface Flow ; Curvilinear Co-ordinates ; Three-dimensional ; Finite volume ; Mesh adaptive technique ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Numerical simulation of open water flow in natural courses seems to be doomed to one- or two-dimensional numerical simulations. Investigations of flow hydrodynamics through the application of three-dimensional models actually have very few appearances in the literature. This paper discusses the development and the initial implementation of a general three-dimensional and time-dependent finite volume approach to simulate the hydrodynamics of surface water flow in rivers and lakes. The slightly modified Navier-Stokes equations, together with the continuity and the water depth equations, form the theoretical basis of the model. A body-fitted time-dependent co-ordinate system has been used in the solution process, in order to accommodate the commonly complex and irregular boundary and bathymetry of natural water courses. The proposed adaptive technique allows the mesh to follow the movement of the water boundaries, including the unsteady free-water surface.The primitive variable equations are written in conservative form in the Cartesian co-ordinate system, and the computational procedure is executed in the moveable curvilinear co-ordinate system. Special stabilizing techniques are introduced in order to eliminate the oscillating behaviour associated with the finite volume formulation. Also, a new and comprehensive approximation for the pressure forces at the faces of a control volume is presented. Finally, results of several tests demonstrate the performance of the finite volume approach coupled with the adaptive technique employed in the three-dimensional time-dependent mesh system.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1992-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0899-8213
    Topics: Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1994-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0042-9929
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1181
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1997-02-18
    Print ISSN: 0042-9929
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1181
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1998-06-30
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1998-06-30
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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