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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 214 (1967), S. 1022-1024 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The first suggestion of a thymic abnormality was made in mustelids when thymic hypertrophy was observed in ferrets with hypergammaglobulinaemia of G immunoglobulins (IgG)12. Before this certain lines of ferrets maintained for several years in close association with strains of mink very susceptible ...
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 216 (1967), S. 69-70 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The size of the Aleutian disease agent has not been odetermined, and so we have carried out a series of filtration experiments. The starting material in each case was a 10 per cent spleen suspension from infected mink, prepared by blending 40 g of spleen in phosphate buffered saline. pH 7-6 ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 212 (1966), S. 829-830 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] These cells appear to be identical to the plasma mast cells observed by various early investigators. Krom-pecher2 first described the differentiation of plasma cells into mast cells by the elaboration of metachromatic granules in 1898 and referred to these structures as plasma mast cells. In 1938 ...
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 9291-9300 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have carried out a study of the photoluminescence properties of silicon-rich silica. A series of films grown using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition over a range of growth conditions were annealed under argon at selected temperatures. Photoluminescence spectra were measured for each film at room temperature and for selected films at cryogenic temperatures. The photoluminescence spectra exhibit two bands. Fourier transform infrared and electron spin resonance spectroscopies were used to investigate bonding and defect states within the films. The data obtained strongly suggest the presence of two luminescence mechanisms which exhibit different dependencies on film growth conditions and postprocessing. We make assignments of the two mechanisms as (1) defect luminescence associated with oxygen vacancies and (2) radiative recombination of electron-hole pairs confined within nanometer-size silicon clusters ("quantum confinement''). © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 3789-3794 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a model for the luminescence spectrum of silicon nanoclusters. We propose that the major contribution to luminescence is from radiative recombination of confined excitons (quantum confinement). Utilizing the effective mass approximation we consider the variation in oscillator strength with cluster size and the associated change in the number of available free carriers. By varying both the mean cluster size and size distribution of silicon nanoclusters, the luminescence spectra are modeled to a good fit. We compare our model with experimental photoluminescence and electroluminescence data from this group and from others. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 4100-4106 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A swept frequency absorbance plasma diagnostic technique for measurement of self-resonance frequency, intrinsic plasma-tool distributed capacitance, radiative energy loss, and effective plasma capacitance is described. The ex situ probe measures the plasma properties independently of all contributions from the plasma-tool and transmission line connection to the rf supply. The technique employs a swept frequency source and a balanced equal ratio arm bridge to measure the frequency response of the plasma tool after the plasma has been extinguished under plasma conjugate matching conditions. The resonant frequency of the combination of capacitances due to plasma-tool geometry (intrinsic capacitance, Ci) and the matching network (Cm) exhibits a shift from the excitation frequency (13.56 MHz) that is dependent on the effective plasma capacitance. Resonance frequency shift data are given for He, Ne, Ar, O2, N2, and N2O as a function of both pressure (0.02–0.8 mbar) and incident power (50 and 100 W). This technique allows the differentiation between dissociation and ionization processes within the plasma through a simple noninvasive rf measurement. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 367-374 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We develop a model for the excitation of erbium ions in erbium-doped silicon nanocrystals via coupling from confined excitons generated within the silicon nanoclusters. The model provides a phenomenological picture of the exchange mechanism and allows us to evaluate an effective absorption cross section for erbium of up to 7.3×10−17 cm2: four orders of magnitude higher than in stoichiometric silica. We address the origin of the 1.6 eV emission band associated with the silicon nanoclusters and determine absorption cross sections and excitonic lifetimes for nanoclusters in silica which are of the order of 1.02×10−16 cm2 and 20–100 μs, respectively. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 2011-2013 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Silica thin films containing Si nanocrystals and Er3+ were prepared by ion implantation. Excess Si concentrations ranged from 5% to 15%; Er3+ concentration for all samples was 0.5%. Samples exhibited photoluminescence at 742 nm (attributed to Si nanocrystals), 654 nm (defects due to Er3+ implantation), and at 1.53 μm (intra-4f transitions). Photoluminescence intensity at 1.53 μm increased ten times by incorporating Si nanocrystals. Strong, broad photoluminescence at 1.53 μm was observed for λPump away from Er3+ absorption peaks, implying energy transfer from Si nanocrystals. Erbium fluorescence lifetime decreased from 4 ms to 1 ms when excess Si increased from 5% to 15%, suggesting that at high Si content Er3+ ions are primarily situated inside Si nanocrystals. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 688-690 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the observation of near-IR emission from erbium in silicon-rich silica, excited using a filtered white-light source. The characteristic 4I13/2–4I15/2 intra-4f transition at 1535 nm is observed even when excitation wavelengths corresponding to the principal erbium optical absorption bands are removed using selective filtering. We ascribe this effect to an efficient transfer mechanism between silicon nanoclusters present in the silicon-rich silica films and the rare-earth ions. This is in good agreement with our previous work in this area and suggests the possibility of obtaining flashlamp-pumped erbium optoelectronic devices. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 523-525 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present the results of what we believe to be the first study of the power efficiency of room temperature photoluminescence from thin films of silica containing silicon nanoclusters. Films were prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition from silane and nitrous oxide precursors. Luminescence was excited using the 476 nm line of an argon-ion laser. We have measured power efficiencies for samples that exhibit luminescence solely due to radiative recombination of quantum confined excitons. Efficiencies around 0.04% are reported. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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