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  • 1
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    Remote sensing measurements of the CO2 mixing ratio in the Planetary Boundary Layer using cloud slicing with airborne lidar (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: We have measured the CO 2 volume mixing ratio (VMR) within the planetary boundary layer (PBL) using cloud slicing with an airborne pulsed integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar from altitudes of up to 13 km. During a flight over Iowa in 2011, simultaneous measurement of the optical range and CO 2 absorption to clouds and the ground were made using time-resolved detection of pulse echoes from each scattering surface. We determined the CO 2 absorption in the PBL by differencing the two lidar-measured absorption lineshapes, one to a broken shallow cumulus cloud layer located at the top of the PBL and the other to the ground. Solving for the CO 2 VMR in the PBL and that of the free troposphere, we measured a ≈15 ppm (4%) drawdown in the PBL. Both CO 2 VMRs were within ≈3 ppm of in situ CO 2 profile measurements. We have also demonstrated cloud slicing using scatter from thin, diffuse cirrus clouds and cumulus clouds, which allowed solving for the CO 2 VMR for 3 vertical layers. The technique and retrieval algorithm are applicable to a space-based lidar instrument as well as to lidar IPDA measurements of other trace gases. Thus, lidar cloud slicing also offers promise towards space-based remote sensing of vertical trace gas profiles in the atmosphere using a variety of clouds.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    A molecular mechanism for electrical tuning of cochlear hair cells (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-08
    Description: Cochlear frequency selectivity in lower vertebrates arises in part from electrical tuning intrinsic to the sensory hair cells. The resonant frequency is determined largely by the gating kinetics of calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels encoded by the slo gene. Alternative splicing of slo from chick cochlea generated kinetically distinct BK channels. Combination with accessory beta subunits slowed the gating kinetics of alpha splice variants but preserved relative differences between them. In situ hybridization showed that the beta subunit is preferentially expressed by low-frequency (apical) hair cells in the avian cochlea. Interaction of beta with alpha splice variants could provide the kinetic range needed for electrical tuning of cochlear hair cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ramanathan, K -- Michael, T H -- Jiang, G J -- Hiel, H -- Fuchs, P A -- DC00276/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 8;283(5399):215-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Hearing Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9880252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Electrophysiology ; Gene Expression ; Hair Cells, Auditory/*physiology ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; *Ion Channel Gating ; Kinetics ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel beta Subunits ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels ; Membrane Potentials ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channels/genetics/*physiology ; *Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated ; Quail ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Measurement of low energy ionization signals from Compton scattering in a charge-coupled device dark matter detector (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-25
    Description: Author(s): K. Ramanathan, A. Kavner, A. E. Chavarria, P. Privitera, D. Amidei, T.-L. Chou, A. Matalon, R. Thomas, J. Estrada, J. Tiffenberg, and J. Molina An important source of background in direct searches for low-mass dark matter particles are the energy deposits by small-angle scattering of environmental γ rays. We report detailed measurements of low-energy spectra from Compton scattering of γ rays in the bulk silicon of a charge-coupled device (C... [Phys. Rev. D 96, 042002] Published Thu Aug 24, 2017
    Keywords: Experiments in gravity, cosmology, cosmic rays
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Drug repurposing: An approach to tackle drug resistance in S. typhimurium (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-24
    Description: Drug resistant S. typhimurium pose important public health problem. The development of effective drugs with novel mechanism(s) of action is needed to overcome issues pertaining to drug resistance. Drug repurposing based on computational analyses is considered a viable alternative strategy to circumvent this issue. In this context, 1309 FDA-approved drugs molecules from Mantra 2.0 database were analysed for this study, against S. typhimurium . Sixteen compounds having similar profiles of gene expression as quinolones were identified from the database, Mantra 2.0. Further, the pharmacophore characteristics of each resultant molecule were identified and compared with the features of nalidixic acid, using the PharamGist program. Subsequently, the activities of these compounds against S. typhimurium DNA gyrase were identified, using molecular docking study. Side effects analysis was also performed for the identified compounds. Molecular dynamics simulation was carried out for the compound to validate its binding efficiency. Further, characterization of screened compound revealed IC50 values in micromolar concentration range, of which flufenamic acid showed comparable in vitro activity alongside ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Thus represent interesting starting points for further optimization against S. typhimurium infections. It may be noted that the results we have obtained are the first experimental evidence of flufenamic acid activity against S. typhimurium . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    An Integrative Drug Repurposing Pipeline: Switching Viral Drugs to Breast Cancer (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-18
    Description: ABSTRACT The growing incidence rate of breast cancer, coupled with cellular chemotherapeutic resistance, has made this disease one of the most prevalent cancers among women worldwide. Despite the recent efforts to understand the underlying cause of the resistance due to mutation, there are no feasible tactics to overcome this bottleneck. This issue could be addressed by the concept of polypharmacology – disguising drugs present in the pharmacopeia for novel purposes (drug repurposing). Of note, we have proposed a multi-modal computational drug repositioning stratagem to predict drugs possessing anti-proliferative effect. Our results suggest that Ombitasvir, a Hepatitis C NS5B Polymerase inhibitor, could be ‘repurposed’ for the control and prevention of beta-tubulin driven breast cancers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    Investigation of Paclitaxel Resistant R306C Mutation in β-Tubulin – A Computational Approach (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Paclitaxel is the most effective chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of a broad spectrum of solid tumors. However, observed paclitaxel resistance in clinical trials presents one of the major obstacles for cancer chemotherapy. Most importantly, resistance due to β-tubulin mutations (R306C) has been intensely debated in recent years. Despite all efforts, mechanism of resistance is still not well understood. In this study, computational techniques were employed to uncover the effect of R306C mutation in the β-tubulin structure and its function. The tools such as I-Mutant, CUPSAT and Fold-X were employed to address the consequence of R306C mutation in the structural stability of β-tubulin. Further, molecular docking and molecular dynamics study was employed to understand the functional impact of β-tubulin mutation. Our results suggest that the R306C mutation causes a significant reduction in the binding affinity between β-tubulin and paclitaxel. Further, docked complex analysis indicates that destruction of conservative hydrogen bond maintained by the residues Arg282 and Gly360 should be responsible for the large conformation changes of the binding pocket in R306C mutant. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations study confirms the stable binding of paclitaxel with native type β-tubulin structure rather than mutant (R306C) type. We certainly believe that this study will provide useful guidance for the development of novel inhibitors that are less susceptible to drug resistance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ozone and airglow in the mesosphere region (1973)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 106-108 (1973), S. 1318-1324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The paper presents the results of a photometric study of the hydroxyl bands (7–2) and (8–3) in the night airglow spectrum at Mt. Abu in the winter and spring of 1966–1972. The observed nocturnal variation differs from the variation expected from the theoretical studies of Hesstvedt, Hunt, Shimazaki and others. Instead of a gradual fall in intensity after sunset to shortly before sunrise, a peak in intensity is found at a time which changes from month to month and roughly coincides with the transit times of the X-ray star TAU (XR-1)-Crab Nebula. Anexplanation of the observed phenomenon is offered in terms of the increased energy output into the D and E regions of the atmospheres, increased eddy diffusion, and production, of additional O(3P) and O3 in the region 80–95 km. O3 reacting with H gives rise to OH*.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00881085
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectrum of the Night Sky and of the Zodiacal Light (1933)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 132 (1933), S. 749-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN a recent paper1, one of us has described the general nature of the spectrum of the night sky as observed in India, and pointed out that besides the green line 5577 A. originating in atomic oxygen, there are many other lines which have also to be considered as general ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/132749a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-polar Auroral Light from the Night Sky in the Tropics (1932)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 129 (1932), S. 545-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN a previous communication from one of us,1 it was stated that the brightness of the auroral green line in the northern and southern night skies at Poona (lat. 18° 31′ N.) does not show the midnight maximum observed by Lord Rayleigh and by McLennan and his collaborators in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/129545c0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Laboratory Method of demonstrating the Formation of Fronts and Vortices when there is discontinuous Movement in a Fluid. (1931)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 127 (1931), S. 272-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ACCORDING to views now generally accepted, extratropical cyclones are formed along surfaces of kinematical discontinuity between air-masses having different temperatures and moisture-contents, and during their growth they possess an asymmetrical structure. Recent studies1 of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/127272a0
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