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  • 1
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    A gradient surface produced by combined electroplating and incremental frictional sliding (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-01
    Description: A Cu plate was first electroplated with a Ni layer, with a thickness controlled to be between 1 and 2 μm. The coated surface was then deformed by incremental frictional sliding with liquid nitrogen cooling. The combined treatment led to a multifunctional surface with a gradient in strain, chemical content, microstructure, and hardness. The chemical profile was measured by glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy, showing diffusion of Ni into the heavily deformed Cu layer to a depth of about 40 μm. The microstructure and hardness were characterized and compared with a similarly processed Cu plate without Ni coating, showing a strong effect of the coated layer on the deformation. The experimental results are followed by an analysis of strengthening mechanisms and a discussion of the applicability of the new technique for increasing the durability and lifetime of components exposed to friction and wear, e.g. in wind turbines.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 2
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    AKR modulation and global Pi2 oscillation (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-23
    Description: In this report we present a temporal relationship between ground Pi2 and auroral kilometric radiation (AKR). We analyzed six isolated substorm events, which were observed by the MAGDAS/CPMN ground magnetometer network and the plasma wave instrument onboard the Polar satellite. We found that the time derivative of the height-integrated AKR power and the ground Pi2 D component had the same periodicity and that the two were synchronized with each other. When the D component fluctuated with the same (opposite) polarity as the magnetic bay variation, the AKR power tended to increase (decrease) during the corresponding interval. An isolated substorm event (AE ∼ 40 nT), which occurred around 10:19 UT on 24 January1997, was selected for a detailed study. The behavior of the Pi2 event can be interpreted by the substorm current wedge (SCW) and Pi2 propagation models. It is confirmed that the midlatitude and high-latitude D component oscillations can be treated as a proxy of the SCW oscillations, whereas the H component oscillations exhibited some phase shifts by the propagation delay of the Pi2 waves. That is, the temporal relation between the time derivative of the AKR power and the ground Pi2 suggests that the height-integrated AKR power was modulated coherently with the SCW oscillations.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Identification and characterization of an oocyte factor required for development of porcine nuclear transfer embryos [Cell Biology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-27
    Description: Nuclear reprogramming of differentiated cells can be induced by oocyte factors. Despite numerous attempts, these factors and mechanisms responsible for successful reprogramming remain elusive. Here, we identify one such factor, necessary for the development of nuclear transfer embryos, using porcine oocyte extracts in which some reprogramming events are recapitulated. After incubating somatic nuclei in oocyte extracts from the metaphase II stage, the oocyte proteins that were specifically and abundantly incorporated into the nuclei were identified by mass spectrometry. Among 25 identified proteins, we especially focused on a multifunctional protein, DJ-1. DJ-1 is present at a high concentration in oocytes from the germinal vesicle stage until embryos at the four-cell stage. Inhibition of DJ-1 function compromises the development of nuclear transfer embryos but not that of fertilized embryos. Microarray analysis of nuclear transfer embryos in which DJ-1 function is inhibited shows perturbed expression of P53 pathway components. In addition, embryonic arrest of nuclear transfer embryos injected with anti–DJ-1 antibody is rescued by P53 inhibition. We conclude that DJ-1 is an oocyte factor that is required for development of nuclear transfer embryos. This study presents a means for identifying natural reprogramming factors in mammalian oocytes and a unique insight into the mechanisms underlying reprogramming by nuclear transfer.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    Ionospheric current system during sudden stratospheric warming events (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-31
    Description: This paper describes ionospheric current systems associated with the counter-electrojet during sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events in the northern winter months of 2001–2002 and 2002–2003. Magnetic data from 20 stations in the East Asian region, covering both the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere, are analyzed. Additional current systems that are superposed on the normal Sq current system and related to the counter-electrojet during the SSW events show a global semidiurnal current pattern, which shifts to later local times approximately by 0.8 hour/day. The results indicate that abnormally large lunar tidal winds played a main role to produce the additional current system and counter-electrojet during the SSW events.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    KNN–NTK composite lead-free piezoelectric ceramic (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-22
    Description: A (K,Na)NbO 3 -based lead-free piezoelectric ceramic was successfully densified. It exhibited an enhanced electromechanical coupling factor of k p  = 0.52, a piezoelectric constant d 33  = 252 pC/N, and a frequency constant N p  = 3170 Hz m because of the incorporation of an elaborate secondary phase composed primarily of KTiNbO 5 . The ceramic's nominal composition was 0.92K 0.42 Na 0.44 Ca 0.04 Li 0.02 Nb 0.85 O 3 –0.047K 0.85 Ti 0.85 Nb 1.15 O 5 –0.023BaZrO 3 –0.0017Co 3 O 4 –0.002Fe 2 O 3 –0.005ZnO, abbreviated herein as KNN–NTK composite. The KNN–NTK ceramic exhibited a dense microstructure with few microvoids which significantly degraded its piezoelectric properties. Elemental maps recorded using transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM–EDS) revealed regions of high concentrations of Co and Zn inside the NTK phase. In addition, X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed that a small portion of the NTK phase was converted into K 2 (Ti,Nb,Co,Zn) 6 O 13 or CoZnTiO 4 by a possible reaction between Co and Zn solutes and the NTK phase during a programmed sintering schedule. TEM studies also clarified a distortion around the KNN/NTK interfaces. Such an NTK phase filled voids between KNN particles, resulting in an improved chemical stability of the KNN ceramic. The manufacturing process was subsequently scaled to 100 kg per batch for granulated ceramic powder using a spray-drying technique. The properties of the KNN–NTK composite ceramic produced using the scaled-up method were confirmed to be identical to those of the ceramic prepared by conventional solid-state reaction sintering. Consequently, slight changes in the NTK phase composition and the distortion around the KNN/NTK interfaces affected the KNN–NTK composite ceramic's piezoelectric characteristics.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 6
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    Locally synchronized synaptic inputs (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-24
    Description: Synaptic inputs on dendrites are nonlinearly converted to action potential outputs, yet the spatiotemporal patterns of dendritic activation remain to be elucidated at single-synapse resolution. In rodents, we optically imaged synaptic activities from hundreds of dendritic spines in hippocampal and neocortical pyramidal neurons ex vivo and in vivo. Adjacent spines were frequently synchronized in spontaneously active networks, thereby forming dendritic foci that received locally convergent inputs from presynaptic cell assemblies. This precise subcellular geometry manifested itself during N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent circuit remodeling. Thus, clustered synaptic plasticity is innately programmed to compartmentalize correlated inputs along dendrites and may reify nonlinear synaptic integration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takahashi, Naoya -- Kitamura, Kazuo -- Matsuo, Naoki -- Mayford, Mark -- Kano, Masanobu -- Matsuki, Norio -- Ikegaya, Yuji -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 20;335(6066):353-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1210362.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22267814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; CA3 Region, Hippocampal/cytology/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dendritic Spines/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Somatosensory Cortex/cytology/physiology ; Synapses/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    The migration of fin whales into the southern Chukchi Sea as monitored with passive acoustics (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-24
    Description: Fin whales ( Balaenoptera physalus ) undergo seasonal migration in the Arctic Sea. Because their migration and distribution is likely affected by changes in global climate, we aimed to examine the migration timing of fin whales, and the relationship with prey availability within the oceanographic environment of the Arctic Sea, using passive and active acoustic monitoring methods. Automatic Underwater Sound Monitoring Systems were deployed in the southern Chukchi Sea from July 2012 to 2014 to determine the acoustic presence of fin whales. Furthermore, water temperature and salinity were recorded by a fixed data logger. An Acoustic Zooplankton Fish Profiler was additionally deployed to estimate prey abundance through backscattering strength. Sea ice concentrations were obtained by remote sensing data. Fin whale calls were automatically detected using a custom-made software, and the per cent of half-hours containing calls were counted. Fin whale calls were detected from 4 August to 20 October 2012 (78 d) and 25 July to 1 November 2013 (100 d). The extended period of acoustic presence of fin whales during 2013 when compared with 2012 is likely related to a longer ice-free period during 2013. Furthermore, generalized linear model analyses showed that half-hour periods containing calls increased with a rise in water temperature and zooplankton abundance during the initial call presence period, while they decreased with a decrease in water temperature and salinity during the end of the call presence period. Our results suggest that the rise in water temperature and zooplankton abundance affect the timing of migration of fin whales in a way that is consistent with the expansion of their suitable habitats and the extension of their presence in the Arctic Sea.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The correlation between the morphology and radiation resistance of polypropylene solid materials
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Radiation Applications & Instrumentation. Part C, 37 (1991), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1359-0197
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/1359-0197(91)90200-L
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and partial characterization of two glycoproteins in bovine peripheral nerve myelin membrane
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 455 (1976), S. 806-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2736(76)90050-X
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lysis of viable yeast cells by enzymes of Arthrobacter luteus
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 145 (1971), S. 402-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(71)90053-1
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