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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1986), S. 419-422 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: bupranolol ; transdermal delivery system ; beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptor binding ; steady-state concentration ; healthy volunteers ; plasma concentrations ; beta-adrenoceptor antagonism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bupranolol is a non-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with a Ki-value of 6–15 nmol/l (equivalent to 1.5–4 ng/ml in plasma) at beta1- (rat salivary gland) and beta2-adrenoceptors (rat reticulocytes) in receptor binding studies with3H-CGP 12177 in the presence of human plasma. After oral administration of 200 mg bupranolol to healthy volunteers, the maximal plasma concentration was observed within 1.2 h but it only reached a level close to the Ki-value. Elimination from plasma was rapid (t1/2=2.0 h). Administration of 30 mg bupranolol in a transdermal delivery system (TTS) every 24 h to 6 healthy volunteers for 72 h yielded steady state plasma concentrations 4- to 5-times above the Ki-value as shown by in vitro inhibition of beta-adrenoceptor binding by plasma samples. The pharmacodynamic effect, measured as the reduction in exercise tachycardia, showed a stable inhibitory effect; antagonism of a bolus injection of isoprenaline indicated a 10- to 15-fold right shift of the dose-response curve during the observation period of 72 h. It is concluded that steady-state plasma concentrations and effect of the elsewise rapidly eliminated beta-blocker bupranolol can be achieved by a transdermal delivery system applied each day.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 27 (1971), S. 316-322 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: If the optical wave front is not normal to one of the principal axes of the indicatrix, diffraction of light in crystals, caused by ultrasound, is observed with maximum intensity when the incident beam is off the Bragg angle by an amount depending on double refraction. In a crystal plate of finite dimensions a standing ultrasonic wave also generates waves with propagation directions which are inclined to the normal of the plate, and interfere with the measurement of sound velocities by the improved Schaefer–Bergmann method. These difficulties are overcome by an appropriate choice of the angle of the incident light beam. Experiments with triclinic and trigonal crystals are reported. Formulae are derived for calculating the angles of incidence necessary for any measurements of sound velocities in crystals.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 29 (1973), S. 415-419 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The elastic constants of the monoclinic crystal KHC2O4 were measured by diffraction of light by ultrasonic waves. An extremely high elastic anisotropy was observed which is attributed to hydrogen bonds. Force constants derived from the maximum elastic stiffness are compared with force constants of hydrogen bonds and of the oxalate residue determined from infrared measurements.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 29 (1973), S. 306-308 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The transformation laws for the weighting and covariance matrices of the components of the atomic vibration tensors are derived. It is shown that the use of unit-weight matrices in the least-squares determination of the rigid-body vibration tensors TLS from the atomic vibration components leads to incompatible results when the TLS parameters are refined in different Cartesian coordinate systems. Numerical results for some molecules showed that the differences in the obtained components of TLS usually lie within the range of two standard deviations. If the covariances of the atomic vibration components are taken into account in some simple form the incompatibilities vanish.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 26 (1970), S. 401-405 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: In the triclinic crystals ammonium and potassium tetroxalate dihydrate 34 and 31 sound velocities respectively were measured by means of the diffraction of light by ultrasonic waves. From these velocities the 21 independent components of the elastic tensor were calculated. Thus, the method first tested by Haussühl & Siegert on CuSO4.5H2O was successfully applied to two other triclinic crystals. The compounds under investigation were found to exhibit an extremely high elastic anisotropy.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 28 (1972), S. 522-527 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The elastic constants of the two orthorhombic crystals (NH4)2C2O4. H2O and (NH4)HC2O4.½H2O were determined by diffraction of light by ultrasonic waves. These constants and those of the triclinic (NH4)H3(C2O4)2.2H2O previously measured are correlated with the crystal structure. All three crystals show extreme elastic anisotropy which may be explained by the layer-like packing of the oxalate groups. The minimum elastic stiffness is observed normal to the C2O4 planes, whereas the direction of the maximum elastic stiffness may be correlated with the course of the periodic bond chains. It is shown that hydrogen bonds make a considerable contribution to the elastic properties of crystals. Correlations between elastic behaviour, morphology, and optical properties are discussed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 29 (1973), S. 495-503 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The defect structures in elastically highly anisotropic crystals of ammonium hydrogen oxalate hemihydrate, NH4HC2O4.½H2O, space group Pnma, have been studied by X-ray topography. Most of the dislocation lines visible on the topographs are straight and show clearly defined directions which depend on Burgers vector and on growth direction. Burgers vectors parallel to [100], [010], [001], (101) and (011) have been observed. For these Burgers vectors, the variation of energy factor K with direction and the preferential directions of the corresponding dislocation lines in various growth sectors have been calculated. In most cases, observed and calculated directions agree well. The directions of a few dislocations tend to align parallel to low-indexed (symmetry) directions. The influence of the elastic anisotropy on the directions of the dislocation lines as well as the possibility of determining the Burgers vectors from observed preferential directions is discussed.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 30 (1974), S. 302-302 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A correction is given to Klapper & Küppers [Acta Cryst. (1974). A29, 495-503]. In lines 3, 23 and 37 of the Theory and calculations section, in line 11 of the Discussion and in the caption of Fig. 3 E cos α should read E/cos α and K cos α should read K/cos α.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 96 (1992), S. 2092-2099 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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