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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stomatal response to vapour pressure deficit and the effect of plant water stress (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 6 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The dynamic response of stomata to changes in atmospheric humidity was investigated in Fragaria × ananassa Duch., Picea engelmannii Parry, and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco; and the effect of water stress on this response was determined in Pseudotsuga menziesii.The plants were rotated through three regimes of ambient temperature and vapour pressure deficit: 35°C–3. 5kPa, 35°C–0. 5 kPa, and 20°C–1. 5kPa. Branch and leaflet conductance were measured with a steady-state porometer, first at ambient vapour pressure deficit and then at one of four treatment conditions achieved by increasing or decreasing vapour pressure within the porometer cuvette. All three species showed similar stomatal response: enhanced conductance at low vapour pressure deficit and depressed conductance at high vapour pressure deficit. Engelmann spruce was more sensitive than Douglas fir and strawberry.Plant water status significantly altered stomatal response to vapour pressure deficit. The relationship of conductance of xylem water potential was linear under ambient conditions but became curvilinear when conductance was measured above and below ambient vapour pressure deficit. Between −0. 5 MPa and −2. 0 MPa xylem water potential, the stomata were sensitive to vapour pressure deficit, but below − 2. 0 MPa, the sensitivity decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11588103
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecophysiological responses of Fagus sylvatica seedlings to changing light conditions. II. The interaction of light environment and soil fertility on seedling physiology (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 101 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The survival and growth of natural beech regeneration after canopy removal is variable and little is known about ecophysiological mechanisms of these responses. Biomass, nonstructural carbohydrate levels and nitrogen concentrations were measured in an Italian population of European beech seedlings. Seedlings were container-grown in two types of soil, organic and mineral, collected at the study site. The seedlings were grown under three light treatments: under full beech canopy (understory), exposed to full sun only during midday (gap) and under full sun (clearing). Leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were measured and then foliar analyses were conducted for chlorophyll, phenolic and tannin levels. Biomass and allocation were significantly affected by light and soil treatments. The clearing seedlings and those in organic soil were larger than seedlings in the other light treatments or soil type. Total nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations were lower in the understory seedlings and significant differences between soil types were present in the gap and clearing seedlings. Nitrogen concentrations were higher in the understory seedlings and those growing in the organic soil compared to the other treatments. Gas exchange rates were highest in clearing and the organic soil seedlings. Gap seedlings exhibited photosynthetic acclimation that allowed them to utilize high light of midday and any sunflecks during the morning and afternoon. Relative fluorescence was significantly influenced by both light treatment and soil type, with the highest values observed in the gap seedlings. Light response curves showed decreasing apparent maximum quantum efficiency from the understory to clearing, while maximum photosynthetic rate was highest in the gap seedlings. Chlorophyll concentration was highest in understory seedlings and those growing in organic soil and higher in seedlings growing in organic than in mineral soil. Both foliar tannin and phenolic levels were highest in clearing seedlings, and only tannin concentrations were affected by soil type. Understory seedlings had the highest mortality and insect herbivory; the latter was found to be inversely related to tannin concentration. Overall, growth and photosynthesis in beech seedlings responded positively to high light associated with small canopy gaps. Organic soil increased seedling size, particularly in the gap and clearing environments. We conclude that forest gaps are favorable for photosynthesis and growth of European beech seedlings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb01828.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecophysiological responses of Fagus sylvatica seedlings to changing light conditions. I. Interactions between photosynthetic acclimation and photoinhibition during simulated canopy gap formation (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 101 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Natural regeneration of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) establishes under shade, but sudden exposure to high irradiance may occur due to openings in the canopy. To elucidate ecophysiological mechanisms associated with survival of European beech seedlings, the gas exchange, chlorophyll concentrations, and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters of two different beech populations were studied under changing light conditions. Plants were grown both in a growth chamber and at a natural site (one population) where the seedlings were raised in containers placed in understory and in simulated canopy gaps. Upon exposure to high light in the growth chamber, photosynthetic rates of shade-acclimated leaves of seedlings from both populations increased severalfold and then decreased over several days to the rates of the low-light control seedlings. High-light seedlings always had the highest photosynthetic rates. Initial fluorescence displayed a trend opposite that of photosynthesis; it increased over time, and relative fluorescence and half-time rise declined continuously until the end of experiment to very low values. Exposure to high light of shade-acclimated seedlings resulted in a shift in chlorophyll concentrations to levels intermediate between high-light and low-light seedlings. The light treatment effects were statistically greater than population effects; however, seedlings from the Abetone population were found to be more susceptible to changing light conditions than seedlings from Sicily. Reciprocal light treatments on plants growing at the natural site confirmed the results obtained in the growth chamber experiment. Overall, beech seedlings grown in the field appeared to have a fairly large acclimation potential achieved by plasticity in the photosynthetic apparatus. The lack of pronounced acclimation to high light in seedlings grown in the growth chamber was ascribed to a threshold-type relationship between the acclimation capacity and the level of damage. These observations on the limited potential for acclimation to high light in leaves of European beech seedlings which show a clear capability to exploit sunflecks, are discussed in relation to regeneration following canopy gap formation and reinforce the view of the central role of gap formation in forest dynamics. We conclude that small forest gaps (in which sunflecks play a major role) may present a favorable environment for survival and growth of beech because of their limited ability to acclimate to a sudden increase in irradiance and because of the moderate levels of light stress found in small gaps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb01827.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethylene production by loblolly pine seedlings associated with water stress (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 69 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Effects of water stress on production of ethylene and its precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), by loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings from a Texas drought-hardy and a Virginia Coastal Plain source were investigated. Ethylene production rates in needles from the Virgnia source increased slightly with initial stress (-1.3 MPa), declined until water potential reached -1.6 MPa and then increased sharply at -2.5 MPa. The ethylene production rates in needles from the Texas also increased slightly with initial stress, then decreased with decreasing water potential. Ethylene production by root tissue was two to three times higher than needle tissue and decreased with decreasing water potential. ACC concentrations in needles of both seed sources decreased as water potential began decreasing. Below -1.4 MPa, ACC levels started increasing (Texas source) or remained constant until -2.8 MPa (Virginia source) at which time its level increased three-fold. Mean ACC levels in root tissue [122 nmol (g dry weight)−1] were slightly higher than the mean levels in the needle tissue [92 nmol (g dry weight) −1]; roots apparently were more efficient in converting it to ethylene since ethylene production was two to three times higher than needle tissue. The modulation of ethylene synthesis by ACC synthase and ethyleneforming enzyme appeared to be influenced by stress level, organ and seed source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1987.tb01962.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water relations and gas exchange in poplar and willow under water stress and elevated atmospheric CO2 (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 115 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Predictions of shifts in rainfall patterns as atmospheric [CO2] increases could impact the growth of fast growing trees such as Populus spp. and Salix spp. and the interaction between elevated CO2 and water stress in these species is unknown. The objectives of this study were to characterize the responses to elevated CO2 and water stress in these two species, and to determine if elevated CO2 mitigated drought stress effects. Gas exchange, water potential components, whole plant transpiration and growth response to soil drying and recovery were assessed in hybrid poplar (clone 53–246) and willow (Salix sagitta) rooted cuttings growing in either ambient (350 µmol mol−1) or elevated (700 µmol mol−1) atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]). Predawn water potential decreased with increasing water stress while midday water potentials remained unchanged (isohydric response). Turgor potentials at both predawn and midday increased in elevated [CO2], indicative of osmotic adjustment. Gas exchange was reduced by water stress while elevated [CO2] increased photosynthetic rates, reduced leaf conductance and nearly doubled instantaneous transpiration efficiency in both species. Dark respiration decreased in elevated [CO2] and water stress reduced Rd in the trees growing in ambient [CO2]. Willow had 56% lower whole plant hydraulic conductivity than poplar, and showed a 14% increase in elevated [CO2] while poplar was unresponsive. The physiological responses exhibited by poplar and willow to elevated [CO2] and water stress, singly, suggest that these species respond like other tree species. The interaction of [CO2] and water stress suggests that elevated [CO2] did mitigate the effects of water stress in willow, but not in poplar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1150111.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The response of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings from two Italian populations to drought and recovery (1995)
    Springer
    Trees 9 (1995), S. 348-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Chlorophyll content ; Fagus sylvatica ; Gas exchanges ; Hydraulic conductivity ; Relative fluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The response of gas exchange, leaf chlorophyll content, relative fluorescence to decreasing water potential and recovery was followed in European beech seedlings from two Italian populations, differing in their native precipitation amounts. A population from Sicily (southern Italy) was selected as representative of a xeric population while a population from central Italy, Abetone, represented a mesic one. Dry-matter partitioning, leaf area, hydraulic sufficiency and xylem embolism were evaluated in both well-watered control plants as well as in plants subjected to drought. With the onset of water stress, values of water potential, leaf relative water content, net photosynthesis, leaf conductance and leaf chlorophyll concentration decreased concurrently while relative fluorescence remained unchanged. The population from Sicily showed a delay in effects of the imposed drought. Within 5 days of rewatering, leaf conductance was not fully recovered while all of the other parameters recovered to control levels, in both populations. Total, shoot, stem and root dry weight tended to be higher in seedlings from Abetone, even though both populations had similar photosynthetic rates. The population from Sicily exhibited about 3% greater (even if not significant) allocation to roots than the population from Abetone. Seedlings from Abetone had higher, but not significant, leaf specific conductivity and per cent loss in hydraulic conductivity than seedlings from Sicily. Drought resulted in a reduction of hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic sufficiency in seedlings from both populations. Photosynthesis of water stressed plants from both populations appeared to be reduced primarily by carbon dioxide diffusion through stomata and perhaps secondarily by changes in chlorophyll concentration rather than by efficiency of photosystem II. The effect of hydraulic factors on gas exchange during drought and recovery was not clearly evident.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202499
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessing freeze damage in loblolly pine seedlings: A comparison of ethane production to electrolyte leakage (1988)
    Springer
    New forests 2 (1988), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: cold hardiness ; freeze damage ; ethane ; lipid peroxidation ; index of injury ; Pinus taeda
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ethane production was evaluated as a method for assessing freeze damage to loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings by comparing it to the widely used electrolyte leakage method. Paired measurements, first ethane production and then electrolyte leakage, were conducted on the pooled needle samples at temperatures between 0° and −12°C. Ethane production rates increased in a linear fashion with decreasing temperatures between 0° and −12°C for both Virginia Coastal Plain (R2=0.80) and Marion County, Florida (R2=0.87) seed sources. The Florida seedlings were consistently 2° to 4°C higher than the Virginia seedlings at a given ethane level. Electrolyte leakage expressed as Index of Injury initially increased with decreasing temperatures, but then leveled off at or decreased below −8°C. The log-log linear regression of ethane production against Index of Injury indicated good correspondence for both seed sources (Virginia − R2=0.81; Florida − R2=0.91). Ethane production appears more rapid and to require less sampling than does electrolyte leakage while producing comparable results to the electrolyte leakage method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039041
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bud development and dormancy in slash and loblolly pine. I. Speed of budbreak and second year height as related to lifting date (1988)
    Springer
    New forests 2 (1988), S. 261-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: Pinus elliottii ; Pinus taeda ; survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Slash and loblolly pine 1-0 seedlings were lifted from the nurserybed in late November, mid-December, late December, and mid-February. The buds of the seedlings were classified as set or growing two weeks prior to lifting and were re-examined upon lifting. For both species, buds that had set remained set whereas those that were classified as growing showed an decreasing trend of setting from November through December. A subset of seedlings was potted and maintained in a greenhouse to determine rate of budbreak; the remainder were field planted. In the greenhouse, loblolly pine broke bud fastest and slowest when lifted in mid-February and mid-December, respectively. The rate of slash pine budbreak increased over successive lifting dates. In the field, loblolly pine lifted in mid-December exhibited the highest percentage of growing seedlings; these seedlings were also tallest after one year in the field. Field-planted slash pine had the highest percentage of growing seedlings when lifted in late November. However, seedlings lifted in mid-December were tallest after one year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027941
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bud development and dormancy in slash and loblolly pine. II. Effects of ethephon applications (1988)
    Springer
    New forests 2 (1988), S. 269-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: Pinus elliottii ; Pinus taeda ; ethylene ; height growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ethephon application on four dates did not induce budset in slash and loblolly pine seedlings. Ethephon promoted slash pine budbreak by 11 days when applied in mid-November and delayed loblolly pine budbreak by 8 days when applied in late November. Mid-November and early February applications of ethephon promoted height growth of both species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027942
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  • 10
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    Growth and acetylene reduction of black alder seedlings in response to water stress (1984)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-01
    Description: Black alder, Alnusglutinosa (L.) Gaertn., seedlings were grown and kept well watered for 10 weeks, and then subjected to moisture stress conditioning for 5 subsequent weeks, where one-half of the seedlings were watered only when visibly wilted. The remaining seedlings (controls) were kept well watered. Moisture stress conditioning greatly reduced shoot, root, nodule, and total plant dry weight. The root–shoot ratio (grams/grams) of seedlings was significantly increased from 0.28 in the control seedlings to 0.33 in the water-stressed treatment. Acetylene reduction rates decreased only slightly in the range of water potentials between −0.50 and −1.29 MPa, then dropped rapidly below water potentials of −1.30 MPa. Moisture stress conditioning had no significant influence on this response. Although not significantly different, leaf and nodule osmotic potentials were consistently lower in the water-stressed plants.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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