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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 4054-4060 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A scanning tunneling microscope monitored the time dependence of both the expansion and surface morphology changes of 1–2 mm palladium spheres exposed to 0.5 atm hydrogen gas. The surfaces were initially smooth except for 2–10 nm high steps separating flat terraces 50–150 nm wide. Spheres exposed to hydrogen expanded, during which time the surface buckled forming 30–50-nm-deep and 1000-nm-wide features and the step structures vanished. There were two distinct regimes in the expansion: 25%–30% of the total expansion occurred in the first regime, which only lasted about 5% of the time required to reach 90% of the total expansion; and in the second regime the sphere asymptotically approached the final size. Some samples took ∼500 h to expand, but other samples with only slightly different surface morphology expanded in as little as 8 h. We developed a quantitative model describing the time dependence of the observed expansion in the asymptotic regime by assuming the eventual formation of β-Pd hydride and the elastic properties of the material. The model also suggested the cause of the surface buckling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 1349-1352 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A scanning tunneling microscope that uses a micrometer coarse approach mechanism is described. The approach mechanism can be decoupled from the rest of the microscope to result in a thermally compensated instrument. Thirty minutes after establishing tunneling, lateral thermal drift in our instrument is down to 0.5 A(ring)/min. Construction details of the microscope and high resolution images of pyrolytic graphite and 2H-NbSe2 samples are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 1343-1348 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is described which is constructed almost entirely of aluminum and uses bimorph piezoelectric disks as the x,y,z drive elements. The design uses a simple, rugged tripod configuration for the fine motion drive arms. Coarse motion of the sample, which is mounted on an aluminum holder, is achieved by pushing or pulling, with a piezoelectric louse. Differential thermal expansion effects are avoided by design, to first order, and the resulting drift is ≤0.5 A(ring)/min after only a short warm-up period. It is easy to build and operate, and has good immunity to mechanical vibrations. The frequency response is flat to 5 kHz. The x,y,z drive sensitivity is 8 A(ring)/V and the range is ≥12000 A(ring). Some preliminary experimental results are presented, including atomic resolution images in air, of graphite and NbSe2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 1280-1284 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We present a simple optic-fiber displacement sensor for a scanning force microscope (SFM). The design minimizes the alignment difficulties after a cantilever is changed and is easily adaptable to tube scanners so very compact SFM designs should be possible for imaging at low temperatures or in strong magnetic fields. We also provide a theoretical analysis and results to show that the sensitivity of the device can be improved by increasing the reflectivity of the fiber end. The increased sensitivity makes it possible to work under fluids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 182-184 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A simple piezoelectric tube device is described which allows remote micropositioning in two dimensions with step sizes from ∼50 to ∼3000 nm. Speeds up to 0.1 mm/s have been achieved. It uses the principle of inertial sliding of a mass on an accelerated support. The design is a modification of a one-dimensional device which was recently reported in the literature. The device is compact, rigid, and has low thermal drift.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 133-135 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The hammer-action effect produced by the closing of a miniature electromechanical relay was used to propel a rod along a track by the stick–slip inertial slider effect, with step sizes in the range of 30–500 nm and at frequencies up to 75 Hz. The rod was held tightly against the track by spring loaded balls so that the device worked well in any orientation, including vertical motion against gravity. The device was tested as the coarse approach mechanism in a scanning tunneling microscope, at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature. The voltage sensitivity actually increased as the temperature was lowered, which is a vast improvement over the piezoelectrically driven micropositioners previously reported in the literature. Further advantages over the piezotranslators are the simple square pulse driving voltage, the much reduced sensitivity to slider surface contaminations, and the improved rigidity. Motion in two- or three-dimensions would be possible by using two or three such translators mounted orthogonally. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 2206-2209 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have developed a simple, two-dimensional piezoelectric tube device which uses the inertial slider method to achieve remote micropositioning in the vertical and horizontal directions. The motion of the slider car occurs with respect to a quartz rod which is attached to, and accelerated by the piezo tube. The vertical motion, against or with gravity, is achieved by activating the longitudinal mode of the piezo tube. The horizontal motion is a rotation about the quartz rod, achieved by activating the bending mode of the piezo tube. The device is very compact, works at cryogenic temperatures and is ultrahigh vacuum compatible. Step sizes from 10 to 3000 nm and speeds up to 0.2 mm/s are possible. A computer simulation model of the inertial slider process has been developed also, to investigate the effectiveness of various activating waveforms. It confirms the advantage of a cycloidal-like waveform recently reported in the literature. Also, the model predictions are consistent with the results obtained in the laboratory. A diagram of the analog circuit developed to produce a cycloidal-like waveform to drive the piezoelectric is included. We briefly describe an alternative design where the activating piezoelectric is attached to the slider car which moves vertically on a fixed quartz rod.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 5237-5239 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An imaging mode for a scanning tunneling microscope is described in which the tunneling needle is periodically withdrawn from the surface under study in order to reduce the elastic interaction effects between needle and substrate during imaging. Examples of images of weakly bonded surface deposits that could not be imaged with the conventional sweep method are presented. The technique also makes it possible to first manipulate and subsequently image deposits that are weakly bonded to a substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 315-318 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have obtained atomic-resolution images of NbSe2 single crystals in air. Constant-height images clearly show the expected atomic structure, and can distinguish the two inequivalent halves of the unit cell. Constant-current images show an anomalously high atomic corrugation, associated with elastic deformation of the sample. Surface contamination probably plays an important role in transmitting the tip-sample forces. A larger-scale apparent buckling of the surface with a period of several times the atomic spacing is sometimes observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1992-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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