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  • 1
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    Vitenskapelig (u)redelighet (2021)
    Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP (Nordic Open Access Scholarly Publishing)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Since the 1980’s, there has been a marked increase in disclosures of fraud in research. Cases of scientific fraud and misconduct do not only damage society’s confidence in research, they also contribute to reduce the trustworthiness in research in itself. Research ethics, however, involve much more than investigations of misconduct. How can we encourage good scientific practice? What does honest research entail? Which gray areas exist, and when is the limit to misconduct crossed? How should allegations of misconduct be handled? What are the consequences of fraud, and what sanctions should follow? In this anthology, Norwegian researches contribute to the discussion of various perspectives on scientific integrity and misconduct. The purpose of this book is not to give unequivocal or definitive answers to what scientific misconduct is, but to convey a diversity of positions and perspectives. Some of these are overlapping, others contradictory - which also reflects the field internationally. This anthology is an important resource for students and researchers, particularly in education and training. In addition, it will also provide insights for others involved in the prevention of misconduct and the promotion of good scientific practice.
    Keywords: good scientific practice ; scientific misconduct ; research ethics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: Miscellaneous languages
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Outer membrane proteins of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 168 (1997), S. 128-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsMethylococcus capsulatus ; Outer membrane proteins ; Porin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Membranes obtained from whole-cell lysates of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) were separated by Triton X-100 extraction. The resulting insoluble fraction was enriched in outer membranes as assessed by electron microscopy and by the content of β-hydroxy palmitic acid and particulate methane monooxygenase. Major proteins with molecular masses of approximately 27, 40, 46, 59, and 66 kDa were detected by SDS-PAGE of the Triton-X-100-insoluble membranes. MopA, MopB, MopC, MopD, and MopE (Methylococcus outer membrane protein) are proposed to designate these proteins. Several of the Mop proteins exhibited heat-modifiable properties in SDS-PAGE and were influenced by the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol in the sample buffer. The 46- and 59-kDa bands migrated as a single high-molecular-mass 95-kDa oligomer under mild denaturing conditions. When reconstituted into black lipid membranes, this oligomer was shown to serve as a channel with an estimated single-channel conductance of 1.4 nS in 1 M KCl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050478
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of an outer membrane protein, MopB, of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) and structural comparisons with proteins of the OmpA family (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 173 (2000), S. 346-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methanotroph Methylococcus capsulatus Outer membrane protein OprF protein OmpA protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The gene encoding a major outer membrane protein (MopB) of the methanotroph Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) was cloned and sequenced. The cloned DNA contained an open reading frame of 1044 bp coding for a 348-amino-acid polypeptide with a 21-amino-acid leader peptide. Comparative sequence analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence revealed that the C-terminal part of MopB possessed sequences that are conserved in the OmpA family of proteins. The N-terminal half of the protein had no significant sequence similarity to other proteins in the databases, but the predicted secondary structure showed stretches of amphipathic β-strands typical of transmembrane segments of outer membrane proteins. A region with four cysteines similar to the cysteine-encompassing region of the OprF of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found toward the C-terminal part of MopB. Results from whole-cell labeling with the fluorescent thiol-reacting reagent 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein indicated a surface-exposed location for these cysteines. A probe consisting of the 3′-end of the mopB gene hybridized to the type I methanotroph Methylomonas methanica S1 in Southern blots containing DNA from nine methanotrophic strains representing six different genera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030000151
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diisopropylfluorophosphate-binding proteins in the outer membrane of Fusobacterium nucleatum: strain variations (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 66 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Six strains of Fusobacterium nucleatum were tested for their ability to react with [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), a serine protease inhibitor. Several cytoplasmic proteins were labelled but the strongest labelling was regularly observed in a few outer membrane proteins. The number and the molecular mass of the proteins detected varied according to the strain tested. A 61 kDa protein was labelled in all strains tested, including the two type strains ATCC 10953 and ATCC 25586. A 65 kDa protein was particularly strongly labelled in strains Fev1 and F6.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04003.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Säureempfindliche Isochinolin-Derivate durch Ringschluß (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 92 (1959), S. 1573-1578 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Der durch Säuren katalysierte Isochinolin-Ringschluß ist unter bestimmten Bedingungen auch mit Substanzen durchführbar, die eine säureempfindliche Gruppe enthalten. Auf diese Weise lassen sich Enoläther bzw. Acetale des Decahydroisochinolons herstellen (XII bzw. XIII), die durch nachfolgende Hydrolyse das freie α.β-ungesättigte Ringketon (XVI) liefern, das man durch direkten Ringschluß nicht erhalten kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19590920713
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung und Eigenschaften des Shikimialkohols (1956)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 89 (1956), S. 898-905 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Synthese des Shikimialkohols wird beschrieben. Die ölige Verbindung ist sehr empfindlich und lagert sich leicht in Benzaldehyd um. Mehrere Derivate des Shikimialkohols werden dargestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19560890412
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über eine einfache Synthese von α,ω-Diaminocarbonsäuren (Lysin, Ornithin) (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1978 (1978), S. 1707-1712 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A Facile Synthesis of α, ω-Diamino Carboxylic Acids (Lysine, Ornithine)2,6-Diaminocaproic acid (lysine), essential in animal nutrition, and 2,5-diaminovaleric acid (ornithine), used for pharmaceutical purposes, can be prepared in an efficient synthesis, starting with readily available cyclic amines (piperidine, pyrrolidine). The four-step synthesis comprises an acylation step, an electrochemical methoxylation, a Strecker or a Strecker-Bucherer reaction, and subsequent acidic hydrolysis of the aminonitrile or the hydantoin, respectively.
    Notes: Die in der Tierernährung wichtige 2,6-Diaminocapronsäure (Lysin) und die für pharmazeutische Zwecke verwendete 2,5-Diaminovaleriansäure (Ornithin) lassen sich in guten Ausbeuten durch eine einfache Synthese, ausgehend von leicht zugänglichen cyclischen Aminen (Piperidin, Pyrrolidin), darstellen. Die vierstufige Synthese umfaßt eine Acylierung, eine elektrochemische Methoxylierung sowie eine Strecker- oder Strecker-Bucherer-Umsetzung mit anschließender saurer Hydrolyse des Aminonitrils bzw. des Hydantoins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.197819781102
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur anodischen Alkoxylierung von N-Acylazacycloalkanen (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1978 (1978), S. 1713-1733 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Anodic Alkoxylation of N-AcylazacycloalkanesN-Acylazacycloalkanes are converted electrochemically into α-monoalkoxy derivatives 2, 4, 6, and 8 or into α,α'-dialkoxy derivatives 12 - 14, depending on the electric current employed. The monoadducts, which are produced in high yields, are versatile synthons due to the reactivity of the alkoxy group in the neighbourhood of the nitrogen atom.
    Notes: N-Acylazacycycloalkane werden auf elektrochemischem Wege (anodische Alkoxylierung) in Abhängigkeit von der aufgewendeten Strommenge zu den α-Monoalkoxyderivaten 2, 4, 6 und 8 bzw. zu den α,α'-Dialkoxyderivaten 12-14 umgesetzt. Die in hohen Ausbeuten gebildeten Monoaddukte sind wegen der Alkoxygruppe in Nachbarschaft zum Stickstoff vielseitige Synthone.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.197819781103
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substitutionsreaktionen an Cephamderivaten (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1974 (1974), S. 369-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Substitution Reactions with Cepham DerivativesThe carbanions of monocyclic β-lactams permit several new substitution reactions in the α-position, e. g. the stereospecific introduction of an amino group. This reaction may be applied to bicyclic cepham derivatives 1). The analogous substitution reactions with cephem- 4-carboxylic esters may be carried out only after the introduction of a protecting group into the 1,3-dihydrothiazine ring. Synthetic methods for the preparation of 7,7-disubstituted cephem-4-carboxylic acids are described.
    Notes: Die Carbanionen monocyclischer β-Lactame erlauben verschiedene neue Substitutionsreaktionen in der α-Stellung, z. B. die stereospezifische Einführung einer Aminogruppe. Diese Aminierung läßt sich auf bicyclische Cephamderivate1) übertragen. Die entsprechenden Substitutionsreaktionen an Cephem-4-carbonsäureestern sind erst nach Einführung einer Schutzgruppe in den 1,3-Dihydrothiazinring möglich. Es werden Synthesemethoden zur Herstellung von 7,7-disubstituierten Cephem-4-carbonsäurederivaten beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.197419740305
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaktionen der Aldehyde und Ketone mit Chlor- und Fluorsulfonylisocyanat (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1974 (1974), S. 561-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones with Chloro- and Fluorosulfonyl IsocyanateAt low temperatures, chloro- and fluorosulfonyl isocyanate (la or b) react with aldehydes at a molar ratio of 1:2, to give derivatives of dioxazinone 2, and with s-trioxane and 1,3,5,7- tetroxocane, to give tetraoxaazacyclodecanones 6. With ketones the reaction course depends upon their structure; in special cases it results in the formation of methyleneaminosulfohalides 9. Usually N-sulfohalides of F-keto carboxamides such as 11 are formed by substitution in the a-position. a,P-Unsaturated ketones yield oxazinones 13 by a (4 + 2)-cycloaddition reaction including participation of the C=C bond. - At low temperatures, the halosulfonyl isocyanates 1 a and b add to the oxygen of P-diketones forming 17, whereas at room tempera- ture they react at the z-carbon atom forming 18. In an analogous way, reaction with P-keto- carboxylic acid derivatives leads to formation of the isobutanetriones 28.
    Notes: Chlor- und Fluorsulfonylisocyanat (1 a bzw. b) reagieren bei tiefer Temperatur mit Aldehyden im Molverhältnis 1 :2 zu den Dioxazinonen 2, mit s-Trioxan und 1,3,5,7-Tetroxocan zum Tetraoxaazacyclodecanon 6. Die Reaktion mit Ketonen verläuft je nach deren Struktur verschiedenartig. In Sonderfällen entstehen Methylenaminosulfohalogenide wie 9. Meist bilden sich unter α-Substitution N-(Halogensulfonyl)-β-ketocarbonsäureamide wie 11. α,β-Ungesättigte Ketone liefern in einer (4 + 2)-Cycloaddition unter Einbeziehung der C =C- Bindung Oxazinone 13. - β-Diketone addieren die Halogensulfonylisocyanate 1 a und b bei tiefer Temperatur am Sauerstoff'zu 17, bei Raumtemperatur werden sie am α-Kohlenstoff zu 18 substituiert. Analog erhält man aus β-Ketocarbonsäuren die Isobutantrione 28.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.197419740404
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