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  • 1
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    Clonostachys rosea to control plant diseases (2023)
    Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing | Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The fungus Clonostachys rosea was recognized as an aggressive parasite on other fungi already in the late 1950s. Research into its potential use in biological control of plant diseases soon followed. Today, there are several commercial products based on C. rosea available for biocontrol applications worldwide. Although its mycoparasitic ability has attracted a lot of interest, C. rosea is now viewed as an ecological generalist whose lifestyle also includes plant endophytism, rhizosphere competence and polyphagous ability. Protocols for producing high amounts of C. rosea spores are available for both solid state and liquid fermentation. Low temperature and low moisture content are key factors that influence the shelf life of C. rosea propagules. Products based on C. rosea can be delivered to flowers using bumble bees, applied by spraying or as seed dressing or by incorporation into the soil. Clonostachys rosea is today an established factor in sustainable plant protection strategies.
    Keywords: Biological control ; Clonostachys ; plant disease ; formulation ; fungi ; mycoparasitism ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVK Agronomy and crop production ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVF Sustainable agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVP Pest control / plant diseases ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVK Agronomy and crop production ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVF Sustainable agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVP Pest control / plant diseases ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solubility of sulfur in liquid sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, and carbon tetrachloride (1971)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 16 (1971), S. 364-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je60050a023
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid hydrogen sulfide in contact with sulfur (1970)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 15 (1970), S. 144-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je60044a022
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Color of liquid sulfur (1971)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 93 (1971), S. 1034-1035 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00733a046
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the red fluorescent protein DsRed-Express in filamentous ascomycete fungi (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 223 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The recently reported red fluorescent protein DsRed from the reef coral Discosoma sp. represents a new marker that has been codon-optimized for high expression in mammalian cells. To facilitate expression of DsRed in ascomycete fungi, we used the clone pDsRed-Express (Clontech) for constructing a plasmid vector, pPgpd-DsRed, containing the constitutive Aspergillus nidulans glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (gpd) promoter. This vector was used for co-transformation of Penicillium paxilli, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virens (syn. Gliocladium virens) together with either pAN7-1 or gGFP, both containing a gene for hygromycin resistance for transformant selection. In addition, gGFP contains a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene for expression in Ascomycetes. Expression of DsRed-Express was obtained in all three fungi, indicating that DsRed can be used as a highly effective vital marker in Ascomycetes. Dual marked transformants expressed both DsRed-Express and GFP in the same mycelium and were used for non-quantitative comparison of the intensity of the fluorescence using confocal laser scanning microscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00355-0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of Trichoderma strains from building materials by ITS1 ribotyping, UP-PCR fingerprinting and UP-PCR cross hybridization (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 185 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To study the role of Trichoderma in sick building syndrome, it is essential to be able to accurately identify species. Forty-four strains of Trichoderma spp. isolated from Danish buildings damaged by water leaks were identified using ITS1 ribotyping and universally primed PCR, UP-PCR. Ribotyping allowed the assignment of the strains into three distinct groups. High similarity of UP-PCR banding profiles of the strains allowed species designation for almost all strains (43 out of 44) when compared with the UP-PCR banding profiles obtained from reference strains of T. atroviride, T. citrinoviride, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum and T. viride. However, cross hybridization of UP-PCR products showed that the latter strain had high DNA homology to the ex-type strain of T. hamatum. The combined approach is a convenient way for reliable identification of Trichoderma strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09050.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Color of liquid sulfur (1971)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 75 (1971), S. 912-917 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100677a012
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of viable, but non-culturable Pseudomonas fluorescens DF57 in soil using a microcolony epifluorescence technique (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 12 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Kanamycin-resistant Pseudomonas fluorescens DF57-3 cells (Tn5 modified) inoculated in soil microcosms rapidly lost their culturability, as defined by visible colony formation on Kings B agar supplemented with kanamycin. Thus, after 40 days only 0.02–0.35% of the initial inoculum was culturable. A microcolony epifluorescence technique was developed to determine the viable, but non-culturable subpopulation. A suspension of bacteria from the soil was prepared in salt solution after a sonication procedure and a sample was filtered onto a 0.2 μm Nuclepore filter. The filter was then placed for 3–4 days on the surface of Kings B agar before staining with acridine orange for epifluorescence microscopy. By staining and washing the filters carefully, disruption of microcolonies could be avoided. A majority of the microcolonies resulted from 2–3 cell divisions during the first 2 days of the incubation period, after which the cell divisions stopped. These microcolonies were taken to represent a population of viable, but non-culturable cells and comprised about 20% of the initial inoculum. A similar recovery was obtained when the filters were incubated on the surface of citrate minimal medium or soil extract medium. A few microcolonies showed continued growth on the filters, however, and their number corresponded well with that of visible macrocolonies. Observation by microscopy of a few (2–3) cell divisions (microcolony epifluorescence technique) is proposed for determination of subpopulations of viable, but non-culturable bacteria in soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1993.tb00021.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biocontrol agents efficiently inhibit sporulation of Botrytis aclada on necrotic leaf tips but spread to adjacent living tissue is not prevented (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 47 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Ulocladium atrum (isolates 385 and 302) consistently inhibited Botrytis aclada sporulation on dead onion leaf pieces under constant moist conditions and with an interrupted wetness period of 9 h. Clonostachys rosea (isolate 201) was as effective as U. atrum under constant moist conditions, but was ineffective if exposed to a drying period. No sporulation of B. aclada was observed 8 and 12 days after inoculation in the presence of U. atrum 302. C. rosea 201 significantly reduced B. aclada sporulation 8 days, but not 12 days after inoculation. When U. atrum 302 or C. rosea 201 was applied 1 day prior to B. aclada the antagonistic effect was higher compared to when the antagonists were applied on the same day. C. rosea 201 and U. atrum 302 did not obstruct the growth of B. aclada from necrotic onion leaf tips into living tissue, when artificially induced necrotic leaf tips were infested with B. aclada 24 h prior to antagonists. Three days after antagonist application, no symptoms could be observed on the healthy leaf tissue, nor was there sporulation on the necrotic leaf tip. However, B. aclada was immunologically detected 2 cm below the inoculation site. We conclude that under constant moist conditions the antagonists C. rosea 201 and U. atrum 302 cannot stop the progress of B. aclada from necrotic into fresh leaf tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6496(03)00299-X
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological Seed Treatment of Cereals with Fresh and Long-term Stored Formulations of Clonostachys rosea: Biocontrol Efficacy Against Fusarium culmorum (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 106 (2000), S. 233-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: biological control agent ; Gliocladium roseum ; dose rate ; seedborne pathogens ; field experiments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In six field experiments, seed treatment with Clonostachys rosea (IK726) significantly reduced disease caused by Fusarium culmorum. IK726 was active against the pathogen at average soil temperatures at sowing ranging from 6.2 to 12 °C. Both in the field experiments and in growth chamber experiments conducted in sand, dried and stored conidia of IK726 controlled F. culmorum as effectively as freshly harvested conidia. A high correlation was found between disease index ratings from field experiments and from corresponding growth chamber sand tests. Amendment with the stickers Pelgel or Sepiret did not influence control activity. The effective dosages of IK726 (cfu/seed) were estimated in bioassays and were very similar for freshly harvested conidia and for dried conidia. With a density of 〉 5×103 conidia per seed more than 80% disease control was repeatedly obtained with both types of conidia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008794626600
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