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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental astronomy 3 (1994), S. 133-134 
    ISSN: 1572-9508
    Keywords: Instrumentation ; Linearity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In a joint effort between engineers and scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the California Institute of Technology, a near-infrared (0.8–2.6 μm) direct imaging system has been developed and integrated into the Caltech Palomar Observatory detector series. The camera system has been tested and operated in a science mode at the prime-focus (f/3.3) of the Hale 5-m Telescope. This paper outlines the system components and performance, including discussion of the detector linearity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-07-07
    Description: We present the galaxy group catalogue for the recently completed 2MASS Redshift Survey (2MRS; Macri et al. 2019) which consists of 44 572 redshifts, including 1041 new measurements for galaxies mostly located within the Zone of Avoidance. The galaxy group catalogue is generated by using a novel, graph-theory based, modified version of the friends-of-friends algorithm. Several graph-theory examples are presented throughout this paper, including a new method for identifying substructures within groups. The results and graph-theory methods have been thoroughly interrogated against previous 2MRS group catalogues and a Theoretical Astrophysical Observatory (TAO) mock by making use of cutting-edge visualization techniques including immersive facilities, a digital planetarium, and virtual reality. This has resulted in a stable and robust catalogue with on-sky positions and line-of-sight distances within 0.5 and 2 Mpc, respectively, and has recovered all major groups and clusters. The final catalogue consists of 3022 groups, resulting in the most complete ‘whole-sky’ galaxy group catalogue to date. We determine the 3D positions of these groups, as well as their luminosity and comoving distances, observed and corrected number of members, richness metric, velocity dispersion, and estimates of R200 and M200. We present three additional data products, i.e. the 2MRS galaxies found in groups, a catalogue of subgroups, and a catalogue of 687 new group candidates with no counterparts in previous 2MRS-based analyses.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-09-11
    Description: We examine the properties of galaxies in the Galaxies and Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey located in voids with radii 〉10 h –1  Mpc. Utilizing the GAMA equatorial survey, 592 void galaxies are identified out to z   0.1 brighter than M r  = –18.4, our magnitude completeness limit. Using the W Hα versus [N  ii ]/Hα (WHAN) line strength diagnostic diagram, we classify their spectra as star forming, AGN, or dominated by old stellar populations. For objects more massive than 5  x  10 9 M , we identify a sample of 26 void galaxies with old stellar populations classed as passive and retired galaxies in the WHAN diagnostic diagram, else they lack any emission lines in their spectra. When matched to Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer mid-IR photometry, these passive and retired galaxies exhibit a range of mid-IR colour, with a number of void galaxies exhibiting [4.6] – [12] colours inconsistent with completely quenched stellar populations, with a similar spread in colour seen for a randomly drawn non-void comparison sample. We hypothesize that a number of these galaxies host obscured star formation, else they are star forming outside of their central regions targeted for single-fibre spectroscopy. When matched to a randomly drawn sample of non-void galaxies, the void and non-void galaxies exhibit similar properties in terms of optical and mid-IR colour, morphology, and star formation activity, suggesting comparable mass assembly and quenching histories. A trend in mid-IR [4.6] – [12] colour is seen, such that both void and non-void galaxies with quenched/passive colours 〈1.5 typically have masses higher than 10 10 M , where internally driven processes play an increasingly important role in galaxy evolution.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-03-08
    Description: We study the star formation properties of 59 void galaxies as part of the Void Galaxy Survey (VGS). Current star formation rates are derived from H α and recent star formation rates from near-UV imaging. In addition, infrared 3.4, 4.6, 12 and 22 μm Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer emission is used as star formation and mass indicator. Infrared and optical colours show that the VGS sample displays a wide range of dust and metallicity properties. We combine these measurements with stellar and $\rm {H\,\small {I}}$ masses to measure the specific SFRs (SFR/ M * ) and star formation efficiencies ( $\rm {SFR/{\it M }_{H\,\small {I}}}$ ). We compare the star formation properties of our sample with galaxies in the more moderate density regions of the cosmic web, ‘the field’. We find that specific SFRs of the VGS galaxies as a function of stellar and $\rm {H\,\small {I}}$ mass are similar to those of the galaxies in these field regions. Their SFR α is slightly elevated than the galaxies in the field for a given total $\rm {H\,\small {I}}$ mass. In the global star formation picture presented by Kennicutt–Schmidt, VGS galaxies fall into the regime of low average star formation and correspondingly low $\rm {H\,\small {I}}$ surface density. Their mean $\rm {SFR\,\alpha /{\it M}_{H\,\small {I}}}$ and SFR α/ M * are of the order of 10 – 9.9 yr – 1 . We conclude that while the large-scale underdense environment must play some role in galaxy formation and growth through accretion, we find that even with respect to other galaxies in the more mildly underdense regions, the increase in star formation rate is only marginal.
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    Topics: Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-08-31
    Description: We present a deep near-infrared (NIR; J , H , and K s bands) photometric catalogue of sources from the Parkes H i Zone of Avoidance (HIZOA) survey, which forms the basis for an investigation of the matter distribution in the Zone of Avoidance. Observations were conducted between 2006 and 2013 using the Infrared Survey Facility (IRSF), a 1.4-m telescope situated at the South African Astronomical Observatory site in Sutherland. The images cover all 1108 HIZOA detections and yield 915 galaxies. An additional 105 bright 2MASS galaxies in the southern ZOA were imaged with the IRSF, resulting in 129 galaxies. The average K s -band seeing and sky background for the survey are 1.38 arcsec and 20.1 mag, respectively. The detection rate as a function of stellar density and dust extinction is found to depend mainly on the H i mass of the H i detected galaxies, which in principal correlates with the NIR brightness of the spiral galaxies. The measured isophotal magnitudes are of sufficient accuracy (errors ~0.02 mag) to be used in a Tully–Fisher analysis. In the final NIR catalogue, 285 galaxies have both IRSF and 2MASS photometry (180 HIZOA plus 105 bright 2MASX galaxies). The K s -band isophotal magnitudes presented in this paper agree, within the uncertainties, with those reported in the 2MASX catalogue. Another 30 galaxies, from the HIZOA northern extension, are also covered by UKIDSS Galactic Plane Survey (GPS) images, which are one magnitude deeper than our IRSF images. A modified version of our photometry pipeline was used to derive the photometric parameters of these UKIDSS galaxies. Good agreement was found between the respective K s -band isophotal magnitudes. These comparisons confirm the robustness of the isophotal parameters and demonstrate that the IRSF images do not suffer from foreground contamination, after star removal, nor underestimate the isophotal fluxes of ZoA galaxies.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-06-01
    Description: We present the Lambda Adaptive Multi-Band Deblending Algorithm in R ( lambdar ), a novel code for calculating matched aperture photometry across images that are neither pixel- nor PSF-matched, using prior aperture definitions derived from high-resolution optical imaging. The development of this program is motivated by the desire for consistent photometry and uncertainties across large ranges of photometric imaging, for use in calculating spectral energy distributions. We describe the program, specifically key features required for robust determination of panchromatic photometry: propagation of apertures to images with arbitrary resolution, local background estimation, aperture normalization, uncertainty determination and propagation, and object deblending. Using simulated images, we demonstrate that the program is able to recover accurate photometric measurements in both high-resolution, low-confusion, and low-resolution, high-confusion, regimes. We apply the program to the 21-band photometric data set from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) Panchromatic Data Release (PDR; Driver et al. 2016 ), which contains imaging spanning the far-UV to the far-IR. We compare photometry derived from lambdar with that presented in Driver et al. ( 2016 ), finding broad agreement between the data sets. None the less, we demonstrate that the photometry from lambdar is superior to that from the GAMA PDR, as determined by a reduction in the outlier rate and intrinsic scatter of colours in the lambdar data set. We similarly find a decrease in the outlier rate of stellar masses and star formation rates using lambdar photometry. Finally, we note an exceptional increase in the number of UV and mid-IR sources able to be constrained, which is accompanied by a significant increase in the mid-IR colour–colour parameter-space able to be explored.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-06-01
    Description: We present results of a blind 21cm H i -line imaging survey of a galaxy overdensity located behind the Milky Way at , b 160°, 0 $_{.}^{\circ}$ 5. The overdensity corresponds to a zone-of-avoidance crossing of the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster filament. Although it is known that this filament contains an X-ray galaxy cluster (3C 129) hosting two strong radio galaxies, little is known about galaxies associated with this potentially rich cluster because of the high Galactic dust extinction. We mapped a sky area of ~9.6 deg 2 using the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope in a hexagonal mosaic of 35 pointings observed for 12 h each, in the radial velocity range cz = 2400–16 600 km s –1 . The survey has a sensitivity of 0.36 mJy beam –1 rms at a velocity resolution of 16.5 km s –1 . We detected 211 galaxies, 62 per cent of which have a near-infrared counterpart in the UKIDSS Galactic Plane Survey. We present a catalogue of the H i properties and an H i atlas containing total intensity maps, position–velocity diagrams, global H i profiles and UKIDSS counterpart images. For the resolved galaxies we also present H i velocity fields and radial H i surface density profiles. A brief analysis of the structures outlined by these galaxies finds that 87 of them lie at the distance of the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster ( cz ~ 4000–8000 km s –1 ) and seem to form part of the 3C 129 cluster. Further 72 detections trace an overdensity at a velocity of cz 10 000 km s –1 and seem to coincide with a structure predicted from mass density reconstructions in the first 2MASS Redshift Survey.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-08-21
    Description: This paper is the second in a pair of papers presenting data release 1 (DR1) of the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS), the largest single open-time key project carried out with the Herschel Space Observatory . The H-ATLAS is a wide-area imaging survey carried out in five photometric bands at 100, 160, 250, 350 and 500 μm covering a total area of 600 deg 2 . In this paper, we describe the identification of optical counterparts to submillimetre sources in DR1, comprising an area of 161 deg 2 over three equatorial fields of roughly 12 x 4.5 deg centred at 9 h , 12 h and 14 ${^{\rm h}_{.}}$ 5, respectively. Of all the H-ATLAS fields, the equatorial regions benefit from the greatest overlap with current multi-wavelength surveys spanning ultraviolet (UV) to mid-infrared regimes, as well as extensive spectroscopic coverage. We use a likelihood ratio technique to identify Sloan Digital Sky Survey counterparts at r 〈 22.4 for 250-μm-selected sources detected at ≥4 (28 mJy). We find ‘reliable’ counterparts (reliability R ≥ 0.8) for 44 835 sources (39 per cent), with an estimated completeness of 73.0 per cent and contamination rate of 4.7 per cent. Using redshifts and multi-wavelength photometry from GAMA and other public catalogues, we show that H-ATLAS-selected galaxies at z 〈 0.5 span a wide range of optical colours, total infrared (IR) luminosities and IR/UV ratios, with no strong disposition towards mid-IR-classified active galactic nuclei in comparison with optical selection. The data described herein, together with all maps and catalogues described in the companion paper, are available from the H-ATLAS website at www.h-atlas.org .
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2015-05-21
    Description: We present H i observations of the Sculptor group starburst spiral galaxy NGC 253, obtained with the Karoo Array Telescope (KAT-7). KAT-7 is a pathfinder for the Square Kilometre Array precursor MeerKAT, under construction. The short baselines and low system temperature of the telescope make it very sensitive to large-scale, low-surface-brightness emission. The KAT-7 observations detected 33 per cent more flux than previous Very Large Array observations, mainly in the outer parts and in the halo for a total H i mass of 2.1 ± 0.1 10 9 M . H i can be found at large distances perpendicular to the plane out to projected distances of ~9–10 kpc away from the nucleus and ~13–14 kpc at the edge of the disc. A novel technique, based on interactive profile fitting, was used to separate the main disc gas from the anomalous (halo) gas. The rotation curve (RC) derived for the H i disc confirms that it is declining in the outer parts, as seen in previous optical Fabry–Perot measurements. As for the anomalous component, its RC has a very shallow gradient in the inner parts and turns over at the same radius as the disc, kinematically lagging by 100 km s –1 . The kinematics of the observed extra-planar gas is compatible with an outflow due to the central starburst and galactic fountains in the outer parts. However, the gas kinematics shows no evidence for inflow. Analysis of the near-IR WISE data, shows clearly that the star formation rate is compatible with the starburst nature of NGC 253.
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    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-07-16
    Description: The Antlia Cluster is a nearby, dynamically young structure, and its proximity provides a valuable opportunity for detailed study of galaxy and group accretion on to clusters. We present a deep H i mosaic completed as part of spectral line commissioning of the Karoo Array Telescope (KAT-7), and identify infrared counterparts from the Widefield Infrared Survey Explorer extended source catalogue to study neutral atomic gas content and star formation within the cluster. We detect 37 cluster members out to a radius of ~0.9 Mpc with $M_{\rm H\,\small {I}} 〉 5\times 10^7$ M . Of these, 35 are new H i detections, 27 do not have previous spectroscopic redshift measurements, and one is the Compton thick Seyfert II, NGC 3281, which we detect in H i absorption. The H i galaxies lie beyond the X-ray-emitting region 200 kpc from the cluster centre and have experienced ram pressure stripping out to at least 600 kpc. At larger radii, they are distributed asymmetrically suggesting accretion from surrounding filaments. Combining H i with optical redshifts, we perform a detailed dynamical analysis of the internal substructure, identify large infalling groups, and present the first compilation of the large-scale distribution of H i  and star-forming galaxies within the cluster. We find that elliptical galaxy NGC 3268 is at the centre of the oldest substructure and argue that NGC 3258 and its companion population are more recent arrivals. Through the presence of H i and ongoing star formation, we rank substructures with respect to their relative time since accretion on to Antlia.
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    Topics: Physics
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