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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gentamicin-resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa: Concepts regarding their evolution and attenuated virulence (1982)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 8 (1982), S. 335-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a free-living bacterial species, is a major nosocomial pathogen, especially of compromised patients within medical facilities. Numerous factors contribute to the ecological selection of this bacterial species within the hospital environment, among which the expression of newly acquired or quiescent enzymatic capability seems par-amount. The emergence of pathogenic strains ofP. aeruginosa appears to be gradual, embodying a transition of strains from their natural aquatic environment, to establishing inanimate (hospital) and animate (human) reservoirs. In this stepwise transition, subsets ofP. aeruginosa may evolve which express a survival trait, for example, gentamicin resistance, but concomitantly suffer a loss of invasive potential. In this study,P. aeruginosa strains from natural [22], hospital [11], and stool [17] sources were evaluated for their physiological and exoenzymatic activity and compared with gentamicin-resistantP. aeruginosa (GRPA) strains [49] of clinical origin. As a whole, environmental and hospital isolates showed reduced enzymatic potential, for example, frequency of production of elastase, lipase, deoxyribonuclease, and pyocyanin production. Human fecal isolates most closely resembled the prototype of human invasiveP. aeruginosa in their gentamicin susceptibility (95%) and increased frequencies of exoenzymes, including elastase production. On the other hand, GRPA were frequently apyocyanogenic (9/49), lacked extracellular enzymes correlated with pathogenicity, and were rarely isolated from systemic sites. When encountered, these strains appeared to represent colonization of a body site rather than incitants of overt infection. As a “subset” ofP. aeruginosa, gentamicin resistance was seen predominantly among serotype 11 strains, and encountered most frequently from patients with localized urinary tract infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010673
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased susceptibility of gentamincin-resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa to human sera (1986)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 13 (1986), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A total of 40 clinical strains ofPseudomonas aeruginosa were tested for in vitro resistance to the bactericidal action of pooled normal human sera (PHS). Getamicin-resistantP. aeruginosa (GRPA) were found to be significantly more susceptible to the killing action of 6% PHS than their gentamincin-sensitiveP. aeruginosa (GSPA) counterparts. In vitro mutants of GRPA were also more susceptible to PHS than their progenitor GSPA strain. The increased susceptibility of GRPA to PHS may help explain their lack of dissemination to internal body sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01568512
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Invasion of HEp-2 and Other Eukaryotic Cell Lines by Providenciae: Further Evidence Supporting the Role of Providencia alcalifaciens in Bacterial Gastroenteritis (1998)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 37 (1998), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Wild-type strains of Providencia species were evaluated for their ability to invade HEp-2 monolayers based upon microscopic and semi-quantitative assays. Of 14 P. alcalifaciens strains tested, 3 (17%) were found to be highly invasive, 4 (22%) moderately invasive, and the remaining 61% weakly or noninvasive. HEp-2 invasion results were confirmed by thin-section electron microscopy. Invasive capabilities of P. alcalifaciens were greater at higher MOIs (100 to 1000) than at lower inocula (〈10 MOI). No strain of P. stuartii or P. rettgeri tested invaded HEp-2 cells. Quantitative assays of Triton X-100-lysed, HEp-2-invaded cells indicated that between 0.001% and 0.013% of the initial bacterial inoculum was gentamicin resistant. Further testing of select strains on various cell lines indicated the efficiency of invasion was Vero 〉 Y1 〉 INT-407 〉 HEp-2. Two isolates recovered from a father and son with prolonged diarrhea after returning from Mexico were found to be identical on the basis of biotype, serotype, and genotype. These results provide additional evidence that some P. alcalifaciens strains cause gastroenteritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900357
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Virulence ofAeromonas species as assessed through mouse lethality studies (1985)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 12 (1985), S. 163-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relative virulence of 32Aeromonas isolates, primarily of clinical origin, were evaluated for mouse lethality by intraperitoneal inoculation of 107 CFU into albino mice. Three categories could be distinguished on the basis of this assay, including a highly virulent group (80%–100% mortality), a low to moderate virulence category (20%–60% mortality), and strains that were completely avirulent. Of theA. sobria isolates tested, 82% fell into the highly virulent category (P〈0.005), whereasA. hydrophila strains were intermediate in virulence potential, andA. caviae strains studied were avirulent. There was no apparent correlation between highly virulentAeromonas isolates and phenotypes associated with enterotoxigenicity, hemolytic activity, cytotoxin production, or serum resistance; this suggests that a cell surface property may be important in mouse pathogenicity. The results of these studies indicate that mouse lethality assays may be an appropriate model for the study of invasive disease clinically produced byA. sobria andA. hydrophila.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01567670
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attachment of mesophilic aeromonads to cultured mammalian cells (1989)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 19 (1989), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The interaction between mesophilic aeromonads and cultured mouse adrenal cells was examined. Preliminary experiments indicated that aeromonad attachment was dependent upon inoculum size, incubation time, and incubation temperature. Optimal attachment was observed after 30 min of incubation at 37°C with an inoculum size of 1×107 CFU. Heat-killed and formalin-treated organisms did not attach to the cultured cell system. The attachment of aeromonads to the mammalian cell surface was confirmed by light and scanning electron microscopy. Aeromonad attachment correlated both with the presence of pili and the specific aeromonad species, but not with hydrophobicity or the ability to autoagglutinate. Piliated strains were more likely to show high or moderate attachment.Aeromonas sobria, A. hydrophila, andA. veronii showed a greater ability to bind adrenal cells than didA. caviae. Removal of the pili from twoA. sobria isolates markedly reduced their attachment. In contrast, oneA. hydrophila isolate was strongly adherent after the removal of pili. The hemagglutination patterns produced byA. sobria and the other aeromonad species were distinctly different, but potentially predictive of the ability of aeromonads to attach to cultured mouse adrenal cells. These studies indicate that multiple mechanisms are important for the attachment of mesophilic aeromonads to mammalian cells. This model may prove useful for studying the pathogenesis of aeromonad infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01570575
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential susceptibility to human serum byAeromonas spp. (1984)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 11 (1984), S. 325-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A total of 91 strains ofAeromonas (A. hydrophila, A. sobria, andA. caviae) of clinical origin were challenged in vitro against pooled human serum. A majority of the isolates ofA. hydrophila andA. sobria were resistant to the bactericidal activity of human serum, as opposed to the more serum-sensitiveA. caviae species. This difference in serum sensitivity may potentially explain the greater association of the former species with bacteremia and invasive disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01567700
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila Strains of Clinical, Animal, and Environmental Origin Expressing the O:34 Antigen (1996)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 33 (1996), S. 104-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A collection of Aeromonas strains of different origins were characterized for isolates expressing the O:34 somatic antigen. Of over 200 strains tested, approximately 14% belonged to serogroup O:34 with 〉85% of these strains identified as A. hydrophila regardless of source. A subset of 14 A. hydrophila O:34 strains were further analyzed for a number of structural and pathogenic features. Most O:34 strains expressed similar whole-cell protein profiles with regards to minor bands, but major band differences were noted in outer membrane proteins (OMPs) migrating between the 31K and 58K region. OMP profiles could be subdivided into three distinct patterns. All O:34 strains expressed a heterogeneous O polysaccharide side chain profile in their lipopolysaccharide (LPS), although some variation in the electrophoretic migration of lower and higher molecular weight LPS bands was noted. Polyclonal antisera raised against a 45-K OMP-associated protein of one O:34 strain (AH-195) reacted in immunoblot assays with a major 43 to 46-K OMP in 11 of 14 (79%) O:34 strains tested. Most O:34 strains (69%) were found to be pathogenic in mice with LD-50 values (i.p.) of 〈1.0 × 107 CFU; pathogenicity appeared to correlate best with elevated protease activity. The collective results suggest significant differences in both structural and pathogenic properties between some members of the O:34 group originating from human and nonhuman (fish, water) sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900083
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and Initial Characterization of Elastase Activity Associated with Vibrio cholerae (1999)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 39 (1999), S. 73-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 (Ogawa, Inaba) and non-O1 serogroups have been found to produce an elastolytic protease that can be detected on 0.3% elastin agar plates or in broth cultures. The elastase enzyme appears to be maximally expressed in late log phase (14–18 h postinoculation) and has optimum activity at a pH range between 7 and 8. Comparative studies indicate that more than 60% of V. cholerae strains analyzed quantitatively produce more elastase in broth (two- to fourfold higher) than other elastase-positive Vibrio species such as Vibrio vulnificus. The V. cholerae elastase enzyme was not inhibited by trypsin, serine-protease, or thiol-protease inhibitors, but was inhibited by phosphoramidon. Ultrafiltration studies indicate the V. cholerae elastase enzyme has a molecular weight 〉30,000, and a 34K protein with possible elastase activity has been detected by SDS-PAGE for one non-O1 isolate (strain 2396). Cumulative results suggest that the V. cholerae elastase is probably a member of the N-type metalloprotease family and shares similar properties with other elastase enzymes described for pathogenic and nonpathogenic species in this genus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900421
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  • 9
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    Invasion of HEp-2 and Other Eukaryotic Cell Lines by Providenciae: Further Evidence Supporting the Role of Providencia alcalifaciens in Bacterial Gastroenteritis (1998)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0343-8651
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0991
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Increased susceptibility of gentamincin-resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa to human sera (1986)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0343-8651
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0991
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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