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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] When two indistinguishable single photons are fed into the two input ports of a beam splitter, the photons will coalesce and leave together from the same output port. This is a quantum interference effect, which occurs because two possible paths—in which the photons leave by different output ...
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 154 (1944), S. 580-580 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT is a matter of interest that* notwithstanding the very large number of substances that have been isolated from lichens, there is only one recorded example of a material containing nitrogen, namely, picroroccellin, isolated by Stenhouse and Groves in 1877 from a variety of Roccella ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 41 (1995), S. 11-17 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; grain yield ; agronomic and physiological P efficiencies ; harvest index ; rooting depth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the major limiting factor for crop production in highly weathered soils in the humid tropics. Field experiments were conducted for two years (1992 and 1993) to determine P response and efficiencies of upland rice cultivars in an Ultisol, low in available P, in the forest zone of Cote d'Ivoire. The rice cultivars tested were selected from a large number of entries tested earlier for acidity tolerance. Grain yields of the cultivars were significantly increased by P application. There was little further response in grain yield at higher rates than 60 kg P ha−1. The rice cultivars differed in agronomic and physiological P efficiencies and the efficiencies were higher at lower rates of P. The rooting depths of the cultivars were increased by application of P at the lowest application rate (30 kg P ha−1).The results suggest that P fertilization of soil acidity-tolerant upland rice cultivars can significantly improve the productivity of the Ultisols.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of biological physics 21 (1995), S. 113-124 
    ISSN: 1573-0689
    Keywords: acoustic ; tissue ; speed of sound ; attenuation ; thorax ; lung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A previous study by Jones and Thomas [2] suggests that data relating to the physiological condition within the thoracic cavity may be obtainable utilising low frequency acoustic signals applied to the mouth and detected on the chest wall. In order to evaluate the contribution to the mouth to chest wall frequency response of the separate elements within the thorax, and to estimate the effect on this response when the lung physiology changes, an acoustic model of the thorax is required. To aid the development of this model, experiments have been carried out in order to establish the frequency dependence of the acoustic attenuation and speed of propagation through thoracic tissue samples in the audible frequency range 20–500 Hz. Samples from the porcine family were used due to their physical similarity to those of humans and their being obtainable within a short time of death. The results of this work can be utilised in the development of an acoustic model of the human thorax, this in turn enabling simulation and analysis of low frequency acoustic transmission from the trachea to the chest wall.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Journal of materials science 3 (1968), S. 553-558 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The operating conditions required to obtain scanning-electron-beam anomalous transmission (SEBAT) patterns were investigated and the factors likely to limit the range of materials to which the technique may be applied were studied. It was found that the SEBAT technique is less restricted than is transmission electron microscopy. SEBAT patterns were obtained on a Geoscan X-ray microanalyser from samples of Si, Ge, Ag, CdS, NaCl, epitaxial Si on sapphire, mineralogical mica, and galena. The geometry of SEBAT patterns is discussed and it is emphasised that they are not Kikuchi patterns despite the very close resemblance.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 15 (1981), S. 329-341 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Soil respiratory activity was measured at various distances from two busy roadsides in South East England. Wide variation in the level of respiration between sites was observed. Soil respiration showed a reduction in soils collected from sites located 0.5 m from A40 compared with levels of respiration measured at a control site away from the direct influence of motor vehicle pollution. At the M3 site, a depression in soil respiration was observed up to 100 m from the motorway compared to the control site for the area. Measurements of soil levels of Pb, Cd, Ni, and Zn were made at the same sites as those used for respiratory activity experiments. Subsequent regression analysis on these data and soil respiration failed to show any consistent relationship between the level of soil pollution and soil respiration for both sites. The findings indicated that soil type is the dominant factor influencing the general level of soil microbiological activity at these two roadsides. The evidence implicating soil heavy metal levels as agents initiating a reduction in microbiological activity was inconclusive.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 1 (1981), S. 163-173 
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract It is anticipated that the establishment of the industrial complex at Sines, Alentejo, Portugal, will have some impact on the environment. Details of the methods used in the monitoring programme are provided. Records of the epiphytic lichen vegetation in permanent quadrats have been made and changes shown in selected sites over a three year period are discussed. Material has been collected for analysis for heavy metals and the results discussed. There is considerable variation in replicates and in interspecies values. The problem of age and bio-accumulation is mentioned. Scanning electron microscopy has shown the accumulation of particulates, as yet unidentified, the quantity varying with increase in age and surface texture. A broadly based study of the local epiphytic flora is being carried out to record the present day diversity. There appears, as yet, to be no detectable influence of the industrial complex on the epiphytic flora of the permanent quadrats.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Potato research 8 (1965), S. 154-172 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Untersuchung über den Umfang aller bekannten Verlustquellen bei der Kartoffelernte in Grossbritannien wurde im Laufe des Herbstes, Winters und Frühlings 1961/62 durchgeführt. Mechanisch bedingter Schaden, als wichtigste Ursache von Verlusten erkannt, wurde nach dem Grad der Verletzung in Kategorien eingeteilt, nämlich in A unverletzt, B Oberfläche geschürft — Schale nur gebrochen, C Fleischwunden, nicht tiefer als 1,5 mm (d.i. der Dicke der mit einem Kartoffelschäler entfernten Schale entsprechend), D tiefere Fleischwunden als die vorher beschriebenen. Es wurde festgestellt, dass die Schleuderradroder am wenigsten Verletzungen verursachen, die Vollerntemaschinen dagegen am meisten. Nur ein Rodepflug wurde in die Pr\:ufung einbezogen, aber er bewirkte weniger Verletzungen als irgendeine der Maschinen (Tabelle 2). Der Transport zum Lagerhaus rief betr\:achtliche zus\:atzliche Verletzungen hervor, gleichg\:ultig auf welche Art er auch erfolgte (Tabelle 4). Sortiermaschinen erzeugten sehr viele Verletzungen, mindestens ebenso viele wie die gew\:ohnlichen Erntemaschinen (Tabellen 6 und 7). Von den Kartoffeln, die den Betrieb verliessen, hatten fast ein Drittel irgendeinen schweren, mechanisch bedingten Schaden erlitten, der durch einfaches Sch\:alen nicht mehr entfernt werden konnte. Bei einem weiteren Drittel der Knollen fanden sich Sch\:aden, die beim Sch\:alen beseitigt wurden. Zus\:atzliche 3,6% der geernteten Knollen, die vorher unverletzt waren, erlitten einigen Schaden w\:ahrend der Verteilung durch den Grosshandel (Tabelle 8). Nur 4,6% der Ernte erreichten den Detaillisten in unverletztem Zustand. Ein Anteil von ungef\:ahr 65% des eingelagerten Erntegewichtes konnte als verk\:aufliche Ware betrachtet werden; weitere 15% wurden zwar als gesund, aber f\:ur den Verkauf als Speiseware als ungeeignet befunden, wobei Knollengr\:osse, \:ausserlich erkennbare Krankheiten oder schwere, mechanisch bedingte Verletzung ausschlaggebend waren (Tabelle 9). Verluste durch F\:aulnis variierten sehr stark von Lagerhaus zu Lagerhaus, dieser Verlust betrug im Landesdurchschnitt beinahe 15% (Tabelle 9). Der Gewichtsschwund durch Verdampfung und Veratmung belief sich im Mittel auf eher weniger als 5%: Auskeimen der Knollen war unbedeutend (Tabelle 9). Innere Verf\:arbung kam in unterschiedlichem Ausmass vor, im Mittel waren beinahe 12% der Ernte dadurch beeintr\:achtigt; in dieser Zahl sind nahezu 4% aller Knollen mit Sch\:adigungen durchP. infestans (Tabelle 10) eingeschlossen. Zwiewuchs wurde mit einer Ausnahme bei allen Herk\:unften festgestellt, wobei der Befall bis zu 18% nach Anzahl ausmachte.
    Abstract: Résumé L'auteur évalue les pertes pour toutes causes connues de la récolte nationale de pommes de terre en Grande-Bretagne durant l'automne, l'hiver et le printemps 1961/62. Les dégâts mécaniques, qui constituent la plus grande cause de pertes, sont classés en catégories suivant la gravité des dommages. Ces catégories sont les suivantes: A. non endommagé. B. surface écorchée, la peau seule est violée. C. blessures dans la chair de profondeur maximum de 1,5 mm (soit l'épaisseur de l'épluchure). D. blessures dans la chair plus sévères que les précédentes. Les arracheuses \`a fourches utilis\'ees pour soulever la r\'ecolte sont les machines qui endommagent le moins, les machines effectuant la r\'ecolte compl\`ete endommagent le plus; seule une charrue est mise \`a l'\'epreuve et elle cause moins de dommages qu'aucune autre machine (Tableau 2). Le transport au local de stockage par toute m\'ethode cause d'appr\'eciables dommages suppl\'ementaires (Tableau 4). Les trieurs endommagent beaucoup, au moins autant que les arracheuses habituelles (Tableau 6 et 7). Presque un tiers des tubercules des pommes de terre quittant la ferme subit des d\'eg\^ats m\'ecaniques si profonds que le simple \'epluchage ne peut les enlever; dans un autre tiers, les blessures de la chair peuvent \^etre enlev\'ees ainsi. Suppl\'ementairement 3,6% de la r\'ecolte, jusque l\`a non endommag\'ee, subissent des dommages pendant la distribution aux grossistes (Tableau 8); seulement 4,6% de la r\'ecolte atteignent le d\'etaillant en condition intacte. Quelque 65% du poids de la r\'ecolte entrepos\'ee est r\'ecup\'er\'ee comme marchandise potentiellement vendable; de plus 15% des tubercules sont sains, mais ne peuvent convenir pour l'alimentation humaine \`a cause de la grosseur, de maladies superficielles, ou de grands dommages m\'ecaniques (Tableau 9). Les pertes par pourriture varient tr\`es fort de local \`a local, les pertes moyennes nationales approchent 15% (Tableau 9). Les pertes par \'evaporation et respiration sont plut\^ot inf\'erieures \`a 5% en moyenne; le d\'eveloppement des germes est n\'egligeable (Tableau 9). L'incidence de la d\'ecoloration interne est tr\'es variable, mais affecte en moyenne presque 12% de la r\'ecolte, dans lesquels il y a plut\^ot moins que 4% de tubercules avec l\'esions dePhytophthora infestans (Tableau 10). La seconde croissance est trouv\'ee dans tous les centres sauf un, en quantit\'es atteignant 18% en nombre de tubercules affect\'es.
    Notes: Summary Wastage from all known causes of the national potato crop in Great Britain was assessed during the autumn, winter and spring of 1961/62. It was found that almost one-third of potatoes leaving the farm had suffered some mechanical damage deeper than could be removed by single peeling: a further one-third exhibited less severe flesh wounds, which could be thus removed. About 65% of the crop weight put into store was recovered as potentially saleable ware. Losses from rotting amounted to about 15%, and losses from evaporation and respiration to rather less than 5%, of the original weight stored. 12% of all tubers exhibited internal discoloration when cut at the end of the storage period.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2003-08-18
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2010-11-19
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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