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  • 1
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    Characterization of a superconducting Pb photocathode in a superconducting rf photoinjector cavity (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: Author(s): R. Barday, A. Burrill, A. Jankowiak, T. Kamps, J. Knobloch, O. Kugeler, A. Matveenko, A. Neumann, M. Schmeißer, J. Völker, P. Kneisel, R. Nietubyc, S. Schubert, J. Smedley, J. Sekutowicz, and I. Will Photocathodes are a limiting factor for the next generation of ultrahigh brightness photoinjectors. We studied the behavior of a superconducting Pb cathode in the cryogenic environment of a superconducting rf gun cavity to measure the quantum efficiency, its spatial distribution, and the work functi... [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 16, 123402] Published Fri Dec 06, 2013
    Keywords: Particle-Beam Sources
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-4402
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    Charge lifetime measurements at high average current using a K_{2}CsSb photocathode inside a dc high voltage photogun (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-14
    Description: Author(s): R. R. Mammei, R. Suleiman, J. Feingold, P. A. Adderley, J. Clark, S. Covert, J. Grames, J. Hansknecht, D. Machie, M. Poelker, T. Rao, J. Smedley, J. Walsh, J. L. McCarter, and M. Ruiz-Osés Two K 2 CsSb photocathodes were manufactured at Brookhaven National Lab and delivered to Jefferson Lab within a compact vacuum apparatus at pressure ∼10 -11   Torr. These photocathodes were evaluated using a dc high voltage photogun biased at voltages up to 200 kV, and illuminated with laser light at wa... [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 16, 033401] Published Wed Mar 13, 2013
    Keywords: Particle-Beam Sources
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-4402
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 3
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    Modeling electron emission and surface effects from diamond cathodes (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-06
    Description: We developed modeling capabilities, within the Vorpal particle-in-cell code, for three-dimensional simulations of surface effects and electron emission from semiconductor photocathodes. They include calculation of emission probabilities using general, piece-wise continuous, space-time dependent surface potentials, effective mass, and band bending field effects. We applied these models, in combination with previously implemented capabilities for modeling charge generation and transport in diamond, to investigate the emission dependence on applied electric field in the range from approximately 2 MV/m to 17 MV/m along the [100] direction. The simulation results were compared to experimental data. For the considered parameter regime, conservation of transverse electron momentum (in the plane of the emission surface) allows direct emission from only two (parallel to [100]) of the six equivalent lowest conduction band valleys. When the electron affinity χ is the only parameter varied in the simulations, the value χ  = 0.31 eV leads to overall qualitative agreement with the probability of emission deduced from experiments. Including band bending in the simulations improves the agreement with the experimental data, particularly at low applied fields, but not significantly. Using surface potentials with different profiles further allows us to investigate the emission as a function of potential barrier height, width, and vacuum level position. However, adding surface patches with different levels of hydrogenation, modeled with position-dependent electron affinity, leads to the closest agreement with the experimental data.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 4
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    Properties of Hydrogen Terminated Diamond as a Photocathode (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-31
    Description: Author(s): J. D. Rameau, J. Smedley, E. M. Muller, T. E. Kidd, and P. D. Johnson Electron emission from the negative electron affinity (NEA) surface of hydrogen terminated, boron doped diamond in the [100] orientation is investigated using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). ARPES measurements using 16 eV synchrotron and 6 eV laser light are compared and found t... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 137602] Published Wed Mar 30, 2011
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    Direct observation of bi-alkali antimonide photocathodes growth via in operando x-ray diffraction studies (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-02
    Description: Alkali antimonides have a long history as visible-light-sensitive photocathodes. This work focuses on the process of fabrication of the bi-alkali photocathodes, K 2 CsSb. In-situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction and photoresponse measurements were used to monitor phase evolution during sequential photocathode growth mode on Si(100) substrates. The amorphous-to-crystalline transition for the initial antimony layer was observed at a film thickness of 40 Å . The antimony crystalline structure dissolved upon potassium deposition, eventually recrystallizing upon further deposition into K-Sb crystalline modifications. This transition, as well as the conversion of potassium antimonide to K 2 CsSb upon cesium deposition, is correlated with changes in the quantum efficiency.
    Electronic ISSN: 2166-532X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 6
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    HIV-1-induced AIDS in monkeys (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-21
    Description: Primate lentiviruses exhibit narrow host tropism, reducing the occurrence of zoonoses but also impairing the development of optimal animal models of AIDS. To delineate the factors limiting cross-species HIV-1 transmission, we passaged a modified HIV-1 in pigtailed macaques that were transiently depleted of CD8(+) cells during acute infection. During adaptation over four passages in macaques, HIV-1 acquired the ability to antagonize the macaque restriction factor tetherin, replicated at progressively higher levels, and ultimately caused marked CD4(+) T cell depletion and AIDS-defining conditions. Transient treatment with an antibody to CD8 during acute HIV-1 infection caused rapid progression to AIDS, whereas untreated animals exhibited an elite controller phenotype. Thus, an adapted HIV-1 can cause AIDS in macaques, and stark differences in outcome can be determined by immunological perturbations during early infection.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4266393/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4266393/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hatziioannou, Theodora -- Del Prete, Gregory Q -- Keele, Brandon F -- Estes, Jacob D -- McNatt, Matthew W -- Bitzegeio, Julia -- Raymond, Alice -- Rodriguez, Anthony -- Schmidt, Fabian -- Mac Trubey, C -- Smedley, Jeremy -- Piatak, Michael Jr -- KewalRamani, Vineet N -- Lifson, Jeffrey D -- Bieniasz, Paul D -- HHSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- R01 AI050111/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI078788/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI078788/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI50111/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI064003/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37AI64003/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 20;344(6190):1401-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1250761.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. thatziio@adarc.org vineet.kewalramani@nih.gov lifsonj@mail.nih.gov pbienias@adarc.org. ; AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. ; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. ; HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. thatziio@adarc.org vineet.kewalramani@nih.gov lifsonj@mail.nih.gov pbienias@adarc.org. ; AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. thatziio@adarc.org vineet.kewalramani@nih.gov lifsonj@mail.nih.gov pbienias@adarc.org. ; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. thatziio@adarc.org vineet.kewalramani@nih.gov lifsonj@mail.nih.gov pbienias@adarc.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24948736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/transmission/*virology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD8/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; *Disease Models, Animal ; HIV-1/genetics/*physiology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*immunology ; Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Depletion ; Macaca nemestrina/immunology/*virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic energy transfer in Ba 6s8p 1P1 rare gas collisions (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 98 (1993), S. 1093-1100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electronic energy transfer in collisions of Ba 6s8p 1P1 with He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe is studied using time- and wavelength-resolved fluorescence techniques in a vapor cell. Total deactivation rate constants at 833 K are measured using time-resolved emission on the 6s8p 1P1→6s5d 1D2 transition at 408.2 nm, and the average deactivation cross sections are found to be (210±9) A(ring)2 (He), (72±2) A(ring)2 (Ne), (89±3) A(ring)2 (Ar), (101±5) A(ring)2 (Kr), and (185±6) A(ring)2 (Xe). Seven near-resonant product states are significantly populated by energy transfer from the 6s8p 1P1 level in collisions with He, with the majority of the transfer occurring to the 6s7d 3D multiplet. Individual state-to-state forward rate constants for transfer from the 6s8p state to the product states are obtained from the intensities of the product state emission lines, taken at relatively low helium densities and evaluated using an approximate kinetic model. In addition, the Einstein A coefficient of the 6s8p 1P1→6s5d 1D2 408.2 nm line is found to be (3.3±0.4)×106 s−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.464332
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A series of laboratory exercises utilizing luxR gene of Vibrio fischeri and gfp gene of Aequoria victoria to teach the broad applications of polymerase chain reaction (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: polymerase chain reaction (PCR); lux bioluminescence; green fluorescence protein (GFP); directional cloning; fusion protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Three experiments are described; directional cloning of the luxR gene from the bioluminescent marine bacterium, Vibrio fischeri, directional cloning of the gfpgene from the marine jelly fish, Aequoria victoria, and the construction of a LuxR-GFP fusion protein. Experiments are presented using lux and gfp in an undergraduate biology curriculum. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 345–352.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900803
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the imidization of the aromatic polyimide LARC-160 (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 4295-4311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The polyimide resin LARC-160 was prepared from diethyl-3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylate (BTDE), ethyl-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylate (NE), and Jeffamine AP-22. The imidization reactions of NE and BTDE were studied by HPLC, 13C-NMR, and IR. NE imidizes slowly at 12°C; BTDE imidizes when the resin is heated above 100°C. Both imidization reactions proceed directly to the imide. Neither amic acid is present in significant quantities at any stage of the imidization reactions. The monomer mixture has been stored at 12°C for periods up to 14 months. The effects of resin aging at this temperature on the chemical composition of the resin monomer mixture and the imidized polymer formed on curing were investigated. Aging the resin monomer mixture has the effect of partially advancing the imidization reaction. Aging also results in the formation of slightly higher-molecular-weight polyimide chains after curing of the resin at 140 and 180°C. Bisnadimide (BNI) is observed as a major reaction product, regardless of resin age.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271120
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  • 10
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    A macaque model of HIV-1 infection (2009)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-02
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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