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  • 1
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    Tasman-PCR: a genetic diagnostic assay for Tasmanian devil facial tumour diseases (2018)
    Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-04
    Description: Tasmanian devils have spawned two transmissible cancer clones, known as devil facial tumour 1 (DFT1) and devil facial tumour 2 (DFT2). DFT1 and DFT2 are transmitted between animals by the transfer of allogeneic contagious cancer cells by biting, and both cause facial tumours. DFT1 and DFT2 tumours are grossly indistinguishable, but can be differentiated using histopathology, cytogenetics or genotyping of polymorphic markers. However, standard diagnostic methods require specialist skills and equipment and entail long processing times. Here, we describe Tasman-PCR: a simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic assay that identifies and distinguishes DFT1 and DFT2 by amplification of DNA spanning tumour-specific interchromosomal translocations. We demonstrate the high sensitivity and specificity of this assay by testing DNA from 546 tumours and 804 normal devils. A temporal–spatial screen confirmed the reported geographic ranges of DFT1 and DFT2 and did not provide evidence of additional DFT clones. DFT2 affects disproportionately more males than females, and devils can be co-infected with DFT1 and DFT2. Overall, we present a PCR-based assay that delivers rapid, accurate and high-throughput diagnosis of DFT1 and DFT2. This tool provides an additional resource for devil disease management and may assist with ongoing conservation efforts.
    Keywords: genetics
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 2
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    Antibodies to human T-cell leukemia virus membrane antigens (HTLV-MA) in hemophiliacs (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-09
    Description: Along with homosexual men, Haitians, and intravenous drug abusers, hemophiliacs are at high risk of contracting acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An earlier study revealed that 36 percent of a group of the AIDS patients had antibodies to cell membrane antigens associated with the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-MA), whereas only 1.2 percent of matched asymptomatic homosexual controls had these antibodies. In the present experiments, serum samples from 172 asymptomatic hemophiliacs were examined for the presence of antibodies to HTLV-MA. Such antibodies were detected in 5 to 19 percent of the hemophiliacs examined from four geographical locations, but in only 1 percent or less of laboratory workers, normal blood donors, donors on hemodialysis, or donors with chronic active hepatitis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Essex, M -- McLane, M F -- Lee, T H -- Tachibana, N -- Mullins, J I -- Kreiss, J -- Kasper, C K -- Poon, M C -- Landay, A -- Stein, S F -- Francis, D P -- Cabradilla, C -- Lawrence, D N -- Evatt, B L -- 2-T32-CA09031/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 18216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 9;221(4615):1061-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6603659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Viral/*analysis ; Antigens, Surface/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/*immunology ; Hemophilia A/immunology/*microbiology ; Humans ; Leukemia/*microbiology ; Retroviridae/*immunology ; *T-Lymphocytes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Auction-theoretic analyses of the first offshore wind energy auction in Germany (2017)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-01
    Print ISSN: 1742-6588
    Electronic ISSN: 1742-6596
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 4
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    An intercomparison study of analytical methods used for quantification of levoglucosan in ambient aerosol filter samples (2014)
    Copernicus
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    Publication Date: 2014-07-23
    Description: The monosaccharide anhydrides (MAs) levoglucosan, galactosan and mannosan are products of incomplete combustion and pyrolysis of cellulose and hemicelluloses, and are found to be major constituents of biomass burning aerosol particles. Hence, ambient aerosol particle concentrations of levoglucosan are commonly used to study the influence of residential wood burning, agricultural waste burning and wild fire emissions on ambient air quality. A European-wide intercomparison on the analysis of the three monosaccharide anhydrides was conducted based on ambient aerosol quartz fiber filter samples collected at a Norwegian urban background site during winter. Thus, the samples' content of MAs is representative for biomass burning particles originating from residential wood burning. The purpose of the intercomparison was to examine the comparability of the great diversity of analytical methods used for analysis of levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan in ambient aerosol filter samples. Thirteen laboratories participated, of which three applied High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography (HPAEC), four used High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) or Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), and six resorted to Gas Chromatography (GC). The analytical methods used were of such diversity that they should be considered as thirteen different analytical methods. All of the thirteen laboratories reported levels of levoglucosan, whereas nine reported data for mannosan and/or galactosan. Eight of the thirteen laboratories reported levels for all three isomers. The accuracy for levoglucosan, presented as the mean percentage error (PE) for each participating laboratory, varied from −63 to 23%; however, for 62% of the laboratories the mean PE was within ±10%, and for 85% the mean PE was within ±20%. For mannosan, the corresponding range was −60 to 69%, but as for levoglucosan, the range was substantially smaller for a subselection of the laboratories; i.e., for 33% of the laboratories the mean PE was within ±10%. For galactosan, the mean PE for the participating laboratories ranged from −84 to 593%, and as for mannosan 33% of the laboratories reported a mean PE within ±10%. The variability of the various analytical methods, as defined by their minimum and maximum PE value, was typically better for levoglucosan than for mannosan and galactosan, ranging from 3.2 to 41% for levoglucosan, from 10 to 67% for mannosan, and from 6 to 364% for galactosan. For the levoglucosan to mannosan ratio, which may be used to assess the relative importance of softwood vs. hardwood burning, the variability only ranged from 3.5 to 24%. To our knowledge, this is the first major intercomparison on analytical methods used to quantify monosaccharide anhydrides in ambient aerosol filter samples conducted and reported in the scientific literature. The results show that for levoglucosan the accuracy is only slightly lower than that reported for analysis of SO42− on filter samples, a constituent that has been analyzed by numerous laboratories for several decades, typically by ion chromatography, and which is considered a fairly easy constituent to measure. Hence, the results obtained for levoglucosan with respect to accuracy are encouraging and suggest that levels of levoglucosan, and to a lesser extent mannosan and galactosan, obtained by most of the analytical methods currently used to quantify monosaccharide anhydrides in ambient aerosol filter samples, are comparable. Finally, the various analytical methods used in the current study should be tested for other aerosol matrices and concentrations as well, the most obvious being summertime aerosol samples affected by wild fires and/or agricultural fires.
    Electronic ISSN: 1867-8610
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 5
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    Antibodies to Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Membrane Antigens (HTLV-MA) in Hemophiliacs (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-09
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science
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  • 6
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    Different Cost Perspectives for Renewable Energy Support: Assessment of Technology-neutral and Discriminatory Auctions (2021)
    In:  Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-06
    Description: Auctions are the prevalent instrument for promoting renewable energy sources worldwide, especially in the European Union and in Latin America. Auctions enable the controlled deployment of renewable energy sources while reducing costs. However, there are different views on relevant costs, auction targets, and their implications on the auction design. Here, the application of technology-neutral auctions is an essential topic of discussion. We show that technology-neutral auctions are not a panacea. We analyze two types of discriminatory design elements that improve the expected auction outcome with respect to specific auction targets. By applying theoretical concepts to auctions for renewable energy support, we highlight how discriminatory auctions can prevent windfall profits and how to include an overall economic perspective in the auction design. We illustrate our results with real-world examples.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
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    Application of High-Resolution Near-Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy to Detect Microplastic Particles in Different Environmental Compartments (2023)
    In:  Water, Air and Soil Pollution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-12
    Description: Microplastic particles (MPP) occur in various environmental compartments all over the world. They have been frequently investigated in oceans, freshwaters, and sediments, but studying their distribution in space and time is somewhat limited by the time-consuming nature of the available accurate detection strategies. Here, we present an enhanced application of lab-based near-infrared imaging (NIR) spectroscopy to identify the total number of MPP, classify polymer types, and determine particle sizes while maintaining short measuring times. By adding a microscopic lens to the hyperspectral camera and a cross slide table to the setup, the overall detectable particle size has been decreased to 100 µm in diameter. To verify and highlight the capabilities of this enhanced, semi-automated detection strategy, it was applied to key areas of microplastic research, such as a lowland river, the adjacent groundwater wells, and marine beach sediments. Results showed mean microplastic concentrations of 0.65 MPP/L in the Havel River close to Berlin and 0.004 MPP/L in the adjacent groundwater. The majority of MPP detected in the river were PP and PE. In 8 out of 15 groundwater samples, no MPP was found. Considering only the samples with quantifiable MPP, then on average 0.01 MPP/L was present in the groundwater (98.5% removal during bank filtration). The most abundant polymers in groundwater were PE, followed by PVC, PET, and PS. Mean MPP concentrations at two beaches on the German Baltic Sea coast were 5.5~MPP/kg at the natural reserve Heiligensee and Hüttelmoor and 47.5 MPP/kg at the highly frequented Warnemünde beach.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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