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  • 1
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    What do predators do? A response to comments on Skelhorn et al. (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-14
    Print ISSN: 1045-2249
    Electronic ISSN: 1465-7279
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Learning about aposematic prey (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-14
    Description: The question, "Why should prey advertise their presence to predators using warning coloration?" has been asked for over 150 years. It is now widely acknowledged that defended prey use conspicuous or distinctive colors to advertise their toxicity to would-be predators: a defensive strategy known as aposematism. One of the main approaches to understanding the ecology and evolution of aposematism and mimicry (where species share the same color pattern) has been to study how naive predators learn to associate prey’s visual signals with the noxious effects of their toxins. However, learning to associate a warning signal with a defense is only one aspect of what predators need to do to enable them to make adaptive foraging decisions when faced with aposematic prey and their mimics. The aim of our review is to promote the view that predators do not simply learn to avoid aposematic prey, but rather make adaptive decisions about both when to gather information about defended prey and when to include them in their diets. In doing so, we reveal what surprisingly little we know about what predators learn about aposematic prey and how they use that information when foraging. We highlight how a better understanding of predator cognition could advance theoretical and empirical work in the field.
    Print ISSN: 1045-2249
    Electronic ISSN: 1465-7279
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Global patterns of marine megafauna bycatch [Ecology] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-09
    Description: Recent research on ocean health has found large predator abundance to be a key element of ocean condition. Fisheries can impact large predator abundance directly through targeted capture and indirectly through incidental capture of nontarget species or bycatch. However, measures of the global nature of bycatch are lacking for air-breathing...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    Relevance. Pharmacology in the high-school classroom (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kwiek, Nicole C -- Halpin, Myra J -- Reiter, Jerome P -- Hoeffler, Leanne A -- Schwartz-Bloom, Rochelle D -- DA10904/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1871-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Biology/*education ; Chemistry/*education ; *Curriculum ; Educational Measurement ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pharmacology/*education ; *Schools ; Teaching ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Genomic Selection in Multi-environment Crop Trials (2016)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-04
    Description: Genomic selection in crop breeding introduces modeling challenges not found in animal studies. These include the need to accommodate replicate plants for each line, consider spatial variation in field trials, address line by environment interactions, and capture nonadditive effects. Here, we propose a flexible single-stage genomic selection approach that resolves these issues. Our linear mixed model incorporates spatial variation through environment-specific terms, and also randomization-based design terms. It considers marker, and marker by environment interactions using ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction to extend genomic selection to multiple environments. Since the approach uses the raw data from line replicates, the line genetic variation is partitioned into marker and nonmarker residual genetic variation ( i.e. , additive and nonadditive effects). This results in a more precise estimate of marker genetic effects. Using barley height data from trials, in 2 different years, of up to 477 cultivars, we demonstrate that our new genomic selection model improves predictions compared to current models. Analyzing single trials revealed improvements in predictive ability of up to 5.7%. For the multiple environment trial (MET) model, combining both year trials improved predictive ability up to 11.4% compared to a single environment analysis. Benefits were significant even when fewer markers were used. Compared to a single-year standard model run with 3490 markers, our partitioned MET model achieved the same predictive ability using between 500 and 1000 markers depending on the trial. Our approach can be used to increase accuracy and confidence in the selection of the best lines for breeding and/or, to reduce costs by using fewer markers.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 6
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    Petrographic and Mineral Chemical Characteristics of the Hoidas Lake Deposit, Northern Saskatchewan, Canada: Constraints on the Origin of a Distal Magmatic-Hydrothermal REE System (2016)
    Society of Economic Geologists (SEG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-09
    Description: The diopside-allanite veins and apatite breccia veins of the Hoidas Lake light rare earth element (LREE) deposit in northern Saskatchewan, Canada, represent a complex magmatic-hydrothermal system unrelated to its strongly deformed Archean and Paleoproterozoic host rocks in the Rae subprovince. The veins were emplaced along the Hoidas-Nisikkatch fault, a subsidiary of the deeply rooted Black Bay fault system, which likely provided pathways for the melts and fluids. Allanite in the diopside-allanite veins is concentrically zoned, reflecting rare earth element (REE) depletion, followed by REE enrichment. Later apatite breccia veins comprise multiple apatite generations. Graphic-textured inclusions in the earliest red apatite indicate the presence of a melt during apatite growth. The average total rare earth oxide (TREO) content increases from 1.5 wt % in the red apatite to 5.5 wt % in the green apatite, both dominated by Ce. In contrast, the latest generation, coarse red apatite, contains about 1 wt % TREO and is Nd dominant. This shift from Ce- to Nd-dominant apatite might reflect a transition from magmatic to hydrothermal growth. Interaction with hydrothermal fluids resulted in chlorite-hematite alteration and REE redistribution into secondary monazite, REE carbonates, REE-Sr carbonates, and allanite, the last occurring in late quartz-carbonate veins and containing up to 32.9 wt % TREO. The chemistry of the REE-bearing phases and their connection with hyalophane-bearing pegmatites and later lamprophyre dikes indicate a mantle-derived, most probably carbonatitic or syenitic source for the mineralizing melts and fluids.
    Print ISSN: 0361-0128
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society of Economic Geologists (SEG)
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  • 7
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    Petrographic and Mineral Chemical Characteristics of the Hoidas Lake Deposit, Northern Saskatchewan, Canada: Constraints on the Origin of a Distal Magmatic-Hydrothermal REE System (2016)
    Society of Economic Geologists (SEG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: The diopside-allanite veins and apatite breccia veins of the Hoidas Lake light rare earth element (LREE) deposit in northern Saskatchewan, Canada, represent a complex magmatic-hydrothermal system unrelated to its strongly deformed Archean and Paleoproterozoic host rocks in the Rae subprovince. The veins were emplaced along the Hoidas-Nisikkatch fault, a subsidiary of the deeply rooted Black Bay fault system, which likely provided pathways for the melts and fluids. Allanite in the diopside-allanite veins is concentrically zoned, reflecting rare earth element (REE) depletion, followed by REE enrichment. Later apatite breccia veins comprise multiple apatite generations. Graphic-textured inclusions in the earliest red apatite indicate the presence of a melt during apatite growth. The average total rare earth oxide (TREO) content increases from 1.5 wt % in the red apatite to 5.5 wt % in the green apatite, both dominated by Ce. In contrast, the latest generation, coarse red apatite, contains about 1 wt % TREO and is Nd dominant. This shift from Ce- to Nd-dominant apatite might reflect a transition from magmatic to hydrothermal growth. Interaction with hydrothermal fluids resulted in chlorite-hematite alteration and REE redistribution into secondary monazite, REE carbonates, REE-Sr carbonates, and allanite, the last occurring in late quartz-carbonate veins and containing up to 32.9 wt % TREO. The chemistry of the REE-bearing phases and their connection with hyalophane-bearing pegmatites and later lamprophyre dikes indicate a mantle-derived, most probably carbonatitic or syenitic source for the mineralizing melts and fluids.
    Print ISSN: 0361-0128
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society of Economic Geologists (SEG)
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  • 8
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    Kinase dynamics. Using ancient protein kinases to unravel a modern cancer drug's mechanism (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: Macromolecular function is rooted in energy landscapes, where sequence determines not a single structure but an ensemble of conformations. Hence, evolution modifies a protein's function by altering its energy landscape. Here, we recreate the evolutionary pathway between two modern human oncogenes, Src and Abl, by reconstructing their common ancestors. Our evolutionary reconstruction combined with x-ray structures of the common ancestor and pre-steady-state kinetics reveals a detailed atomistic mechanism for selectivity of the successful cancer drug Gleevec. Gleevec affinity is gained during the evolutionary trajectory toward Abl and lost toward Src, primarily by shifting an induced-fit equilibrium that is also disrupted in the clinical T315I resistance mutation. This work reveals the mechanism of Gleevec specificity while offering insights into how energy landscapes evolve.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405104/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405104/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, C -- Agafonov, R V -- Hoemberger, M -- Kutter, S -- Zorba, A -- Halpin, J -- Buosi, V -- Otten, R -- Waterman, D -- Theobald, D L -- Kern, D -- GM094468/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM096053/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM100966-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM094468/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM096053/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM100966/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 EB009419/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007596/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):882-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1823.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02452, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02452, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02452, USA. dkern@brandeis.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700521" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Benzamides/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Entropy ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Mutation ; Oncogene Proteins v-abl/chemistry/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Piperazines/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Protein Binding ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Pyrimidines/chemistry/*pharmacology ; src-Family Kinases/*chemistry/classification/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dimensional Changes in Fibrous Macromolecules: The System α-Keratin-Lithium Bromide1 (1962)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 84 (1962), S. 1383-1391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00867a010
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fusion of Polymer Networks Formed from Linear Polyethylene: Effect of Intermolecular Order (1960)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 82 (1960), S. 46-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01486a011
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