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  • 1
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    Ammonia synthons for the multicomponent assembly of complex {gamma}-lactams [Chemistry] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-27
    Description: The synthesis of γ-lactams that are unsubstituted at the 1-position (nitrogen) as well as their subsequent N-functionalization is reported. A recently discovered four-component reaction (4CR) is employed with either an ammonia precursor or a protected form of ammonia that can be deprotected in a subsequent synthetic step. These methods represent the first multicomponent assembly of complex lactam structures that are unsubstituted at nitrogen. In addition, two methods for the introduction of nitrogen substituents that are not possible through the original 4CR are reported. X-ray crystallographic analysis of representative structures reveals conformational changes in the core structure that will enable future deployment of this chemistry in the design and synthesis of diverse collections of lactams suitable for the discovery of new biological probes.
    Keywords: Organic Synthesis Toward Small-Molecule Probes and Drugs Special Feature
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Valuing Environmental Resources through Demand for Related Commodities (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-13
    Description: We examine the revealed preference theory underlying the welfare analysis of public goods (e.g., environmental quality) by observing the consumption of related commodities. Inspired by Larson (1991) and Ebert (1998) , and extended from Eom and Larson (2006) , an empirical strategy is formulated, consistent with the theory of uniquely deriving use and nonuse values for a change in the public good. We show that the weak complementarity assumption and the Willig condition, the common preference assumptions used to support the revealed preference methods for non-market valuation, may be tested as parameter restrictions. A study of water quality valuation is presented to illustrate the proposed empirical strategy. Results show that the weak complementarity assumption and the Willig condition generally do not hold in the case study, and the consumer surplus derived from the indirect valuation method deviates largely from the exact welfare measures.
    Keywords: H41 - Public Goods, Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources, Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects, Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
    Print ISSN: 0002-9092
    Electronic ISSN: 1467-8276
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Ecosystem energetic implications of parasite and free-living biomass in three estuaries (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-25
    Description: Parasites can have strong impacts but are thought to contribute little biomass to ecosystems. We quantified the biomass of free-living and parasitic species in three estuaries on the Pacific coast of California and Baja California. Here we show that parasites have substantial biomass in these ecosystems. We found that parasite biomass exceeded that of top predators. The biomass of trematodes was particularly high, being comparable to that of the abundant birds, fishes, burrowing shrimps and polychaetes. Trophically transmitted parasites and parasitic castrators subsumed more biomass than did other parasitic functional groups. The extended phenotype biomass controlled by parasitic castrators sometimes exceeded that of their uninfected hosts. The annual production of free-swimming trematode transmission stages was greater than the combined biomass of all quantified parasites and was also greater than bird biomass. This biomass and productivity of parasites implies a profound role for infectious processes in these estuaries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuris, Armand M -- Hechinger, Ryan F -- Shaw, Jenny C -- Whitney, Kathleen L -- Aguirre-Macedo, Leopoldina -- Boch, Charlie A -- Dobson, Andrew P -- Dunham, Eleca J -- Fredensborg, Brian L -- Huspeni, Todd C -- Lorda, Julio -- Mababa, Luzviminda -- Mancini, Frank T -- Mora, Adrienne B -- Pickering, Maria -- Talhouk, Nadia L -- Torchin, Mark E -- Lafferty, Kevin D -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 24;454(7203):515-8. doi: 10.1038/nature06970.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA. kuris@lifesci.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18650923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biomass ; California ; *Ecosystem ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Pacific Ocean ; Parasites/*isolation & purification/*physiology ; Snails/parasitology ; Trematoda/isolation & purification/physiology ; Trematode Infections/parasitology ; Wetlands
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Classical extended conformal algebras associated with constrained KP hierarchy (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 36 (1995), S. 2959-2971 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The conformal property of the second Hamiltonian structure of constrained KP hierarchy derived by Oevel and Strampp is examined. It is found that it naturally gives a family of nonlocal extended conformal algebras. Two examples of such algebras are given and it is found that they are similar to Bilal's V algebra. By taking a gauge transformation one can map the constrained KP hierarchy to Kupershmidt's nonstandard Lax hierarchy. The second Hamiltonian structure in this representation is considered. It is shown that after mapping the Lax operator to a pure differential operator the second structure becomes the sum of the second and the third Gelfand–Dickey brackets defined by this differential operator. The corresponding conformally covariant form of this differential operator is also given. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.531004
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alpha Rhythm in the Blind (1971)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 232 (1971), S. 134-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have re-examined the eyeless patient described by Shaw, Foley and Blowers3 and find that there are present, across the empty orbits, standing potentials which behave in a manner similar to the normal corneo-retinal potential. When the patient was asked, "Please look to the left and then to the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/232134b0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An alternative explicit construction of N-soliton solutions in 1+1 dimensions (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 32 (1991), S. 1737-1743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Using the special Riemann-problem technique of Zakharov et al. [Sov. Phys. JETP 47, 1017 (1978)], an explicit N-step Bäcklund transformation is derived for a class of 1+1-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations, thus providing an alternative explicit expression of their N-soliton solutions which no longer involves computations of the intermediate solutions, nor leaves any expansion of N×N determinants (and their differentiation) to be done.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.529235
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further Remains of a Sterkfontein Ape (1939)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 143 (1939), S. 117-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE discovery at Sterkfontein by Dr. Robert Broom of new fossil anthropoid apes has created such widespread interest that it is desirable to report immediately on all new evidence that may come to hand. MESIAL AND OCCLUSAL VIEWS OF THE NEW TOOTH DISCOVERED AT STERKFONTEIN Since March ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/143117b0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solving the KP hierarchy by gauge transformations (1992)
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 149 (1992), S. 263-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We show that it is convenient to use “gauge” transformations (sometimes called explicit Bäcklund transformations) to generate new solutions for the KP hierarchy. Two particular kinds of gauge transformation operators, constructed out of the initial wave functions, are of fundamental importance in this approach. Through such gauge transformations, a very simple formula for the tau-function is obtained, encompassing and unifying all kinds of existing solutions. The corresponding free fermion representation and Baker functions for the new τ function can also be constructed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02097625
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A technique for analogue multiplication and its application to the measurement of correlation functions (1967)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 5 (1967), S. 607-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02474255
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An EEG signal generator with variable time delayed output (1971)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 9 (1971), S. 71-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02474406
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