Publication Date:
2012-02-22
Description:
The identification of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), fumarate hydratase (FH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in human cancers has rekindled the idea that altered cellular metabolism can transform cells. Inactivating SDH and FH mutations cause the accumulation of succinate and fumarate, respectively, which can inhibit 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG)-dependent enzymes, including the EGLN prolyl 4-hydroxylases that mark the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) transcription factor for polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. Inappropriate HIF activation is suspected of contributing to the pathogenesis of SDH-defective and FH-defective tumours but can suppress tumour growth in some other contexts. IDH1 and IDH2, which catalyse the interconversion of isocitrate and 2-OG, are frequently mutated in human brain tumours and leukaemias. The resulting mutants have the neomorphic ability to convert 2-OG to the (R)-enantiomer of 2-hydroxyglutarate ((R)-2HG). Here we show that (R)-2HG, but not (S)-2HG, stimulates EGLN activity, leading to diminished HIF levels, which enhances the proliferation and soft agar growth of human astrocytes. These findings define an enantiomer-specific mechanism by which the (R)-2HG that accumulates in IDH mutant brain tumours promotes transformation and provide a justification for exploring EGLN inhibition as a potential treatment strategy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3656605/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3656605/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koivunen, Peppi -- Lee, Sungwoo -- Duncan, Christopher G -- Lopez, Giselle -- Lu, Gang -- Ramkissoon, Shakti -- Losman, Julie A -- Joensuu, Paivi -- Bergmann, Ulrich -- Gross, Stefan -- Travins, Jeremy -- Weiss, Samuel -- Looper, Ryan -- Ligon, Keith L -- Verhaak, Roel G W -- Yan, Hai -- Kaelin, William G Jr -- R01 CA068490/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA140316/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Feb 15;483(7390):484-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10898.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biocenter Oulu, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22343896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Astrocytes/cytology/drug effects/metabolism
;
Cell Line
;
Cell Line, Tumor
;
Cell Proliferation/drug effects
;
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*drug effects/genetics/*metabolism
;
Dioxygenases/genetics/*metabolism
;
Enzyme Activation/drug effects
;
Glioma/enzymology/genetics/metabolism/pathology
;
Glutarates/*chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology
;
Humans
;
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1/metabolism
;
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases
;
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/genetics/metabolism
;
Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
;
Oncogenes
;
Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase/genetics/*metabolism
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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