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  • 1
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    Reorganization of North Atlantic marine copepod biodiversity and climate (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-01
    Description: We provide evidence of large-scale changes in the biogeography of calanoid copepod crustaceans in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean and European shelf seas. We demonstrate that strong biogeographical shifts in all copepod assemblages have occurred with a northward extension of more than 10 degrees latitude of warm-water species associated with a decrease in the number of colder-water species. These biogeographical shifts are in agreement with recent changes in the spatial distribution and phenology detected for many taxonomic groups in terrestrial European ecosystems and are related to both the increasing trend in Northern Hemisphere temperature and the North Atlantic Oscillation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beaugrand, Gregory -- Reid, Philip C -- Ibanez, Frederic -- Lindley, J Alistair -- Edwards, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1692-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Climate ; *Crustacea ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Principal Component Analysis ; Seasons ; *Seawater ; Temperature ; *Zooplankton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability in dry weight and vertical distributions of decapod larvae in the Irish Sea and North Sea during the spring (1994)
    Springer
    Marine biology 120 (1994), S. 385-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Decapod larvae and early post-larvae were extracted from detailed vertically stratified samples taken during research cruises in the Irish Sea from April to early June 1988 and in the North Sea in June 1989. The total dry weight of decapods was 4 to 106 mg m-2 which represented 0.5 to 8.6% of the total dry weight of zooplankton. The vertical distributions of abundant species were examined in relation to physical and biological variables.Nephrops norvegicus andPagurus bernhardus were found nearer to the surface during the spring bloom in April than after the bloom in May. In the near-surface waters of the North Sea in June, larvae ofLiocarcinus spp. were more abundant than those of other decapods. Diel migrations varied, apparently due to differences in the physical structure of the water column and the distribution of potential food. Conventional migrations were modified or absent in stratified areas when near-surface concentrations of chlorophyll were present and in well-mixed water. Few significant ontogenetic variations were found. The most striking case was ofLiocarcinus spp. larvae during the day in stratified water in the North Sea, where the early zoeal stages (at a mean depth of 〈6 m), the fifth zoeae (15.5 m mean) and the megalopas (26.7 m mean) occupied different positions in the water column.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00680212
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics and production of euphausiids. I. Thysanoessa longicaudata in the North Atlantic Ocean (1978)
    Springer
    Marine biology 46 (1978), S. 121-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Adults and furciliae of Thysanoessa longicaudata (Krøyer) taken in continuous plankton records (CPR) in 1966 and 1967 were examined and measured. The measurements were converted to biomass using a length/weight equation, and net production values were calculated from these data. Two generations were spawned annually in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean and only one in the colder western waters and in the Norwegian Sea. The timing of reproduction in the spring was correlated with the mean sea-surface temperature. The highest annual production values (up to 12.24 mg dry weight m-3 year-1) were recorded in the eastern areas, where the ratio between production and biomass was usually between 4:1 and 8:1 compared with ratios usually between 2:1 and 3:1 in the western waters. The values for daily production per individual ranged from 3.34 μg dry weight day-1 to 17.54 μg day-1. Mortality in the early stages of development was calculated as about 98.2% of the eggs produced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391527
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics and production of euphausiids (1982)
    Springer
    Marine biology 66 (1982), S. 37-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seasonal changes in abundance, size and aspects of the population structure of Meganyctiphanes norvegica (M. Sars) and Nyctiphanes couchi (Bell) are described from samples taken with the “Continuous Plankton Recorder” at 10 m depth over a 2 yr period (1966 and 1967) in the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. M. norvegica lived for a maximum of just over 2 yr, and adults of both year-classes spawned during a limited breeding season in the spring or summer. N. couchi spawned over a prolonged breeding season, giving rise to a complex of cohorts with overlapping size ranges. It was concluded that 3 or 4 cohorts were spawned in each year and that the maximum life span was probably greater than 1 yr, although maturity may be attained in less than a year. Estimated annual production at 10 m depth for M. norvegica ranged from 0.80 to 18.74 mg m-3yr-1 and for N. couchi from 0.67 to 8.23 mg m-3yr-1. P:B ratios ranged from 1.3:1 to 6.3:1 for M. norvegica and 4.0:1 to 5.5:1 for N. couchi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397252
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous plankton records: The occurrence of apostome ciliates (Protozoa) on Euphausiacea in the North Atlantic Ocean and North Sea (1978)
    Springer
    Marine biology 46 (1978), S. 131-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phoronts (resting cysts) of apostome ciliates have been recorded on Euphausia hemigibba, E. krohni, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, Nematoscelis megalops, Nyctiphanes couchi, Thysanoessa gregaria, T. inermis, T. longicaudata and T. raschi taken in the Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey of the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. Variations in the percentage of host euphausiids infested by apostomes have been studied in relation to species, geography, body size and season. The percentage infestation was found to be related mainly to the body size of the hosts. The apostomes are believed to be species that develop either in the exuviae discarded exoskeletons or corpses of the euphausiids, or in the digestive systems of predators of the euphausiids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391528
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plankton of the fladen ground during FLEX 76 III. Vertical distribution, population dynamics and production of Calanus finmarchicus (Crustacea: Copepoda) (1980)
    Springer
    Marine biology 60 (1980), S. 47-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Samples taken in the northern North Sea with the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR), the Undulating Oceanographic Recorder (UOR), the Longhurst Hardy Plankton Recorder (LHPR) and by our colleagues from other participating Institutes during the Fladen Ground Experiment (FLEX 76) were used to describe the vertical distribution and population dynamics of Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus) and to provide estimates of the production and carbon budget of the population from 19 March to 3 June, 1976. Total production of the 19 March to 3 June, 1976. Total production of the nauplii and copepodite stages (including adults), during the exponential growth phase in May, was estimated to be in the range of 0.49 to 0.91 g C m-2 d-1 or 29.0 to 55 g dry wt m-2 (14.5 to 27.8 g C m-2) for the three successive 10 d periods in May. Two gross growth efficiencies (K 1) (20 and 34%), together with the lower value of C. finmarchicus production, were used to calculate the gross ingestion levels of algae as 2.45 and 1.44 g C m-2 d-1 (73.5 and 43.2 g C m-2 over the May period). These ingestion levels, together with the algae ingested by other zooplankton species, are greater than the estimated total phytoplankton production of 45.9 g C m-2 over the FLEX period. A number of factors are discussed which could explain the discrepancies between the production estimates. One suggestion is that the vertical distribution of the development stages of this herbivorous copepod and their diel and ontogenetic migration patterns enable it to efficiently exploit its food source. Data from the FLEX experiment indicated that the depletion of nutrients limited the size of the spring bloom, but that it was the grazing pressure exerted by C. finmarchicus which was responsible for the control and depletion of the phytoplankton in the spring of 1976 in the northern North Sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395605
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics and production of euphausiids (1982)
    Springer
    Marine biology 71 (1982), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seasonal changes in the abundance, size and occurrence of furciliae of Euphausia krohni (Brandt), Nematoscelis megalops (G. O. Sars) and Thysanoessa gregaria G. O. Sars are described from samples taken at 10 m depth with the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) over a period of 2 yr (January 1966 to December 1967) in the North Atlantic Ocean. E. krohni and T. gregaria were found to breed through most of the year but N. megalops bred only in spring and summer. Annual mean biomass was calculated directly from the data and production was estimated from published P:B ratios. The seasonal occurrences of E. brevis Hansen, E. hemigibba Hansen, E. mutica Hansen, E. tenera Hansen, Stylocheiron longicorne G. O. Sars, S. maximum Hansen, Thysanopoda acutifrons Holt and Tattershall and T. aequalis Hansen in the samples are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396985
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous plankton records: Geographical variations in numerical abundance, biomass and production of euphausiids in the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea (1982)
    Springer
    Marine biology 71 (1982), S. 7-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Geographical variations in the numbers, biomass and production of euphausiids and the contribution of common species to the total are described from samples taken during 1966 and 1967 in the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea by the Continuous Plankton Recorder at 10 m depth. Euphausiids were most abundant in the central and western North Atlantic Ocean and the Norwegian Sea. Thysanoessa longicaudata (Krøyer) was numerically dominant. Biomass was greatest in the Norwegian Sea and the north-eastern North Sea where Meganyctiphanes norvegica (M. Sars) accounted for 81 and 59%, respectively, of the total biomass. Production was highest off Nova Scotia and in Iberian coastal waters; the dominant species were T. raschi (M. Sars) in the former area and Nyctiphanes couchi (Bell) in the latter. The mean P:B ratios were correlated with temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396986
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of overwintering calanoid copepod eggs in sea-bed sediments around southern Britain (1990)
    Springer
    Marine biology 104 (1990), S. 209-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eggs of the calanoid copepodsLabidocera wollastoni (Lubbock) andCentropages hamatus (Lilljeborg) and others, which could not be reliably assigned to species, were identified from sediment samples taken during three cruises in December 1984, January 1986, and February 1987 in the southern North Sea, the English Channel, the Irish Sea and the Celtic Sea. Eggs were most abundant in sediment samples taken between 20 and 80 m depth, with bottom stress less than 10 dyn cm−2, and near to the positions of tidal fronts. It is suggested that sedimentation, resuspension and sediment transport contribute to the causes of these distributions, which have been found to be consistent with the distributions of species which are known to produce diapause eggs as an overwintering strategy. Nauplii ofL. wollastoni, C. hamatus, C. typicus (Krøyer)Temora longicornis (Müller) andAcartia sp. hatched from incubated sediment samples. The last noted hatchings ofL. wollastoni, Centropages spp. andT. longicornis all occurred more than 1 yr after the start of the incubation experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313260
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics and production of euphausiids II. Thysanoessa inermis and T. raschi in the North Sea and American Coastal Waters (1980)
    Springer
    Marine biology 59 (1980), S. 225-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Results from the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey for 1966 and 1967 are used to describe seasonal changes in abundance, size and aspects of the population structure of Thysanoessa inermis (Krøyer) and T. raschi (M. Sars) at a depth of 10 m in the North Sea and in American coastal waters from the Grand Banks to the Gulf of Maine. Production and dry weight were estimated from these data. Two year-groups were usually present in the breeding population, the proportion surviving into a second year being higher in American waters than in the North Sea. Annual production for each species was within the range 0.69 to 4.66 mg m-3 and the ratio between production and biomass (P:B) was between 1.3 and 4.2; values outside these ranges were obtained only for American coastal waters in 1967, when the frequency of sampling was low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404745
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