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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-01-22
    Description: We present the discovery of the highest velocity C iv broad absorption line to date in the z = 2.47 quasar SDSS J023011.28+005913.6, hereafter J0230. In comparing the public DR7 and DR9 spectra of J0230, we discovered an emerging broad absorption trough outflowing at ~60 000 km s –1 , which we refer to as trough A. In pursuing follow up observations of trough A, we discovered a second emergent C iv broad absorption trough outflowing at ~40 000 km s –1 , namely trough B. In total, we collected seven spectral epochs of J0230 that demonstrate emergent and rapidly (~10 d in the rest-frame) varying broad absorption. We investigate two possible scenarios that could cause these rapid changes: bulk motion and ionization variability. Given our multi-epoch data, we were able to rule out some simple models of bulk motion, but have proposed two more realistic models to explain the variability of both troughs. Trough A is likely an augmented ‘crossing disc’ scenario with the absorber moving at 10 000 〈 v (km s –1 ) 〈 18 000. Trough B can be explained by a flow-tube feature travelling across the emitting region at 8000 〈 v (km s –1 ) 〈 56 000. If ionization variability is the cause for the changes observed, trough A's absorber has n e ≥ 724 cm –3 and is at r equal ≥ 2.00 kpc, or is at r 〈 2.00 kpc with no constraint on the density; trough B's absorber either has n e ≥ 1540 cm –3 and is at r equal ≥ 1.37 kpc, or is at r 〈 1.37 kpc with no constraint on the density.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-12-18
    Description: T helper 17 (TH17) lymphocytes protect mucosal barriers from infections, but also contribute to multiple chronic inflammatory diseases. Their differentiation is controlled by RORgammat, a ligand-regulated nuclear receptor. Here we identify the RNA helicase DEAD-box protein 5 (DDX5) as a RORgammat partner that coordinates transcription of selective TH17 genes, and is required for TH17-mediated inflammatory pathologies. Surprisingly, the ability of DDX5 to interact with RORgammat and coactivate its targets depends on intrinsic RNA helicase activity and binding of a conserved nuclear long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), Rmrp, which is mutated in patients with cartilage-hair hypoplasia. A targeted Rmrp gene mutation in mice, corresponding to a gene mutation in cartilage-hair hypoplasia patients, altered lncRNA chromatin occupancy, and reduced the DDX5-RORgammat interaction and RORgammat target gene transcription. Elucidation of the link between Rmrp and the DDX5-RORgammat complex reveals a role for RNA helicases and lncRNAs in tissue-specific transcriptional regulation, and provides new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in TH17-dependent diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4762670/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4762670/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Wendy -- Thomas, Benjamin -- Flynn, Ryan A -- Gavzy, Samuel J -- Wu, Lin -- Kim, Sangwon V -- Hall, Jason A -- Miraldi, Emily R -- Ng, Charles P -- Rigo, Frank W -- Meadows, Sarah -- Montoya, Nina R -- Herrera, Natalia G -- Domingos, Ana I -- Rastinejad, Fraydoon -- Myers, Richard M -- Fuller-Pace, Frances V -- Bonneau, Richard -- Chang, Howard Y -- Acuto, Oreste -- Littman, Dan R -- 1F30CA189514-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F30 CA189514/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG007735/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50-HG007735/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI080885/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI121436/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK103358/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004361/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01AI080885/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01DK103358/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01HG004361/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI100853/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009161/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 24;528(7583):517-22. doi: 10.1038/nature16193. Epub 2015 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA. ; Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK. ; Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA. ; Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Computer Science Department, New York University, New York, New York 10012, USA. ; Simons Center for Data Analysis, Simons Foundation, New York, New York 10010, USA. ; Isis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California 92010, USA. ; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA. ; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal. ; Integrative Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA. ; Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26675721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatin/genetics/metabolism ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/genetics ; Hair/abnormalities ; Hirschsprung Disease/genetics ; Humans ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/genetics ; Inflammation/immunology/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation/genetics ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Osteochondrodysplasias/congenital/genetics ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics/*metabolism ; Th17 Cells/*immunology/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-02-11
    Description: Under physiological conditions the gut-associated lymphoid tissues not only prevent the induction of a local inflammatory immune response, but also induce systemic tolerance to fed antigens. A notable exception is coeliac disease, where genetically susceptible individuals expressing human leukocyte antigen (HLA) HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 molecules develop inflammatory T-cell and antibody responses against dietary gluten, a protein present in wheat. The mechanisms underlying this dysregulated mucosal immune response to a soluble antigen have not been identified. Retinoic acid, a metabolite of vitamin A, has been shown to have a critical role in the induction of intestinal regulatory responses. Here we find in mice that in conjunction with IL-15, a cytokine greatly upregulated in the gut of coeliac disease patients, retinoic acid rapidly activates dendritic cells to induce JNK (also known as MAPK8) phosphorylation and release the proinflammatory cytokines IL-12p70 and IL-23. As a result, in a stressed intestinal environment, retinoic acid acted as an adjuvant that promoted rather than prevented inflammatory cellular and humoral responses to fed antigen. Altogether, these findings reveal an unexpected role for retinoic acid and IL-15 in the abrogation of tolerance to dietary antigens.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3076739/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3076739/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DePaolo, R W -- Abadie, V -- Tang, F -- Fehlner-Peach, H -- Hall, J A -- Wang, W -- Marietta, E V -- Kasarda, D D -- Waldmann, T A -- Murray, J A -- Semrad, C -- Kupfer, S S -- Belkaid, Y -- Guandalini, S -- Jabri, B -- DK42086/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA142892/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK042086/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK042086-19/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK067180/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK067180-06/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK067180-07/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK67180/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01DK71003/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R56 DK071003/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R56 DK071003-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 10;471(7337):220-4. doi: 10.1038/nature09849. Epub 2011 Feb 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21307853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adjuvants, Immunologic/*pharmacology ; Administration, Oral ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Celiac Disease/chemically induced/etiology/*immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coculture Techniques ; Dendritic Cells/drug effects/enzymology/immunology/metabolism ; Diet ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Gliadin/administration & dosage/immunology ; Glutens/administration & dosage/*immunology ; HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance/drug effects ; Inflammation/immunology ; Interleukin-12/biosynthesis/immunology/secretion ; Interleukin-15/genetics/*immunology ; Interleukin-23/immunology/secretion ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Middle Aged ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8/metabolism ; Phosphorylation/drug effects ; Receptors, Interleukin-12/deficiency ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology/drug effects/immunology/metabolism ; Tretinoin/immunology/*pharmacology ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2012-07-28
    Description: Intestinal commensal bacteria induce protective and regulatory responses that maintain host-microbial mutualism. However, the contribution of tissue-resident commensals to immunity and inflammation at other barrier sites has not been addressed. We found that in mice, the skin microbiota have an autonomous role in controlling the local inflammatory milieu and tuning resident T lymphocyte function. Protective immunity to a cutaneous pathogen was found to be critically dependent on the skin microbiota but not the gut microbiota. Furthermore, skin commensals tuned the function of local T cells in a manner dependent on signaling downstream of the interleukin-1 receptor. These findings underscore the importance of the microbiota as a distinctive feature of tissue compartmentalization, and provide insight into mechanisms of immune system regulation by resident commensal niches in health and disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3513834/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3513834/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naik, Shruti -- Bouladoux, Nicolas -- Wilhelm, Christoph -- Molloy, Michael J -- Salcedo, Rosalba -- Kastenmuller, Wolfgang -- Deming, Clayton -- Quinones, Mariam -- Koo, Lily -- Conlan, Sean -- Spencer, Sean -- Hall, Jason A -- Dzutsev, Amiran -- Kong, Heidi -- Campbell, Daniel J -- Trinchieri, Giorgio -- Segre, Julia A -- Belkaid, Yasmine -- F30 DK094708/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI085130/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- ZIA HG000180-11/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA HG000180-12/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 31;337(6098):1115-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1225152. Epub 2012 Jul 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22837383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Immunity ; Intestines/immunology/microbiology/pathology ; Metagenome/*immunology ; Mice ; Skin/*immunology/*microbiology ; Skin Diseases, Bacterial/*immunology/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-01-25
    Description: How the immune system adapts to malnutrition to sustain immunity at barrier surfaces, such as the intestine, remains unclear. Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most common micronutrient deficiencies and is associated with profound defects in adaptive immunity. Here, we found that type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are severely diminished in vitamin A-deficient settings, which results in compromised immunity to acute bacterial infection. However, vitamin A deprivation paradoxically resulted in dramatic expansion of interleukin-13 (IL-13)-producing ILC2s and resistance to nematode infection in mice, which revealed that ILCs are primary sensors of dietary stress. Further, these data indicate that, during malnutrition, a switch to innate type 2 immunity may represent a powerful adaptation of the immune system to promote host survival in the face of ongoing barrier challenges.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313730/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313730/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spencer, S P -- Wilhelm, C -- Yang, Q -- Hall, J A -- Bouladoux, N -- Boyd, A -- Nutman, T B -- Urban, J F Jr -- Wang, J -- Ramalingam, T R -- Bhandoola, A -- Wynn, T A -- Belkaid, Y -- F30 DK094708/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Z99 AI999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 24;343(6169):432-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1247606.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Immunity at Barrier Sites Initiative, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24458645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptive Immunity ; Animals ; Citrobacter rodentium/immunology ; Enterobacteriaceae Infections/immunology ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; *Immunity, Innate ; Interleukin-13/biosynthesis ; Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Micronutrients/*deficiency ; Vitamin A/*immunology ; Vitamin A Deficiency/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-01-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Wendy -- Thomas, Benjamin -- Flynn, Ryan A -- Gavzy, Samuel J -- Wu, Lin -- Kim, Sangwon V -- Hall, Jason A -- Miraldi, Emily R -- Ng, Charles P -- Rigo, Frank -- Meadows, Sarah -- Montoya, Nina R -- Herrera, Natalia G -- Domingos, Ana I -- Rastinejad, Fraydoon -- Myers, Richard M -- Fuller-Pace, Frances V -- Bonneau, Richard -- Chang, Howard Y -- Acuto, Oreste -- Littman, Dan R -- England -- Nature. 2016 May 5;533(7601):130. doi: 10.1038/nature16968. Epub 2016 Jan 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26789242" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2015-07-29
    Description: Halogens in the troposphere are increasingly recognized as playing an important role for atmospheric chemistry, and possibly climate. Bromine and iodine react catalytically to destroy ozone (O3), oxidize mercury, and modify oxidative capacity that is relevant for the lifetime of greenhouse gases. Most of the tropospheric O3 and methane (CH4)...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemical reviews 13 (1913), S. 479-499 
    ISSN: 1520-6890
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 47 (1925), S. 1191-1195 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 106 (1990), S. 465-471 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic picoplankton in the west coast upwelling-region off the South Island of New Zealand was investigated during midwinter (1988) the time of year when several commercially important fish species migrate into the region to breed. Picoplanktonic cells were major contributors to the autotrophic biomass, with 〉 80% of the particulate nitrogen and 39 to 55% of the total chlorophylla contained in the 〈2µm size-fraction. The prokaryotic picoplankton concentrations ranged from 6.3 × 105 to 2.1 × 107 cell l−1, and the eukaryotic picoplankton between 3.9 × 105 to 1.2 × 107 cells l−1. Picoplankton numbers increased with distance offshore to a maximum of ~ 3.0 × 107 cells l−1 at ~ 35 km from the coast, and then diminished towards the outer shelf and open ocean. The ratio of prokaryotic to eukaryotic cells varied between 1.01 and 4.71 in the mixed layer. Both groups declined substantially beneath the pycnocline, with no evidence of deep maxima. Prokaryotic cells dominated the planktonic cell concentrations at all but two stations, but eukaryotic cells dominated picoplankton biovolume as a result of their larger average cell size. The prokaryotic to eukaryotic picoplankton cell-number ratios in this system were considerably lower than often recorded elsewhere, and were inversely correlated with nitrate concentration. These observations show that a eukaryoticdominated picoplankton community makes a substantial contribution to autotrophic biomass in this nutrient-rich upwelling system, and may thereby play a major role in the food-web dynamics of this coastal fishery.
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