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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Dr ; 27.60.+j
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract TheQ β-values of101Rb,101,102Sr and101,102Y have been measured for the first time at the mass separator ISOLDE by means ofβγ-coincidence techniques with a plastic scintillation detector telescope and a large Ge(HP)-detector. For some of these nuclei, also new details of their decay schemes could be derived from the measuredβ-decay properties. The experimental results are discussed, as far as the systematics of two-neutron separation energies derived from them is concerned. In addition, the nuclear masses deduced from theseQ β-values are compared with the predictions of recent mass calculations.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: totale parenterale Ernährung ; Frühgeborene ; Dicarbonsäuren ; Transsulfuration-pathway ; Krebs-Henseleit-Zyklus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Within the scope of clinically indicated total parenteral nutrition of premature infants, a comparative randomized study was performed to examine — by means of notrogen-balance studies and determination of the free amino acids in the serum — the metabolic effects of absent or parallel intake of 1.140 Μmoll-aspartic acid plus 2.160 Μmoll-glutamic acid per kg body weight per day in completel-amino acid solutions with a comparative E/T-ratio and with identical intake of all other nutrients adapted to the requirement. 1. The nitrogen balance level was not affected by the absent or parallel intake of the dicarbonic acids. 2. Intravenous intakes of glycine plusl-serine, which are higher than 2.5 mmol per kg body weight and day, caused statistically significant increased serum concentrations of glycine andl-serine. Such intakes are obviously above the physiologic regulation range. 3. The absent intake ofl-aspartic acid andl-glutamic acid resulted in parallel, statistically significant reduced serum concentrations of aspartic acid and asparagine as well as in homeostatic serum concentrations of glutamic acid and glutamine. Despite the only 15–20% higher intake of proline, alanine and arginine under the infusion regimen lacking dicarbonic acids, there was a parallel, statistically significant marked increase in the serum concentrations of proline, alanine, arginine and methionine as well as a statistically significant marked decrease in those of taurine. Under the infusion regimen containing dicarbonic acids exclusively, constant homeostatic serum concentrations of these amino acids as well as of aspartic acid and glutamic acid were measured. 4. A direct or indirect effect of the exogenous supply ofl-aspartic acid and/orl-glutamic acid on the homeostasis of aspartic acid and asparagine, on the endogenous turnover ofl-alanine andl-proline as well as on the physiologic course of the Krebs-Henseleit cycle and of the “transsulfuration pathway” must be discussed. 5. Since the supply rates ofl-aspartic acid plusl-glutamic acid chosen in series 2 (when continuously administered during 24-hour periods) apparently do not cause any disturbance in amino-acid homeostasis, it is established that under the nutritional conditions given this intake lies within the respective physiologic regulation range and therefore is atoxic.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen klinisch erforderlicher totaler parenteraler Ernährung Frühgeborener wurden mittels Stickstoffbilanzstudien und Bestimmung der freien Aminosäuren im Serum in einer vergleichenden randomisierten Studie die metabolischen Wirkungen fehlender bzw. paralleler Zufuhren von 1,140 Μmoll-Asparaginsäure plus 2,160 Μmoll-Glutaminsäure/kg Körpergewicht und Tag in kompletten Aminosäurenlösungen mit vergleichbarer E/T-Ratio bei identischen bedarfsdeckenden Zufuhren aller übrigen Bau- und Betriebsstoffe überprüft. 1. Das Stickstoffbilanzniveau wurde durch die fehlende bzw. parallele Zufuhr von Dicarbonsäuren nicht beeinflu\t. 2. Summarische Zufuhren von mehr als 2,5 mmol Glycin plus Serin/kg Körpergewicht und Tag bedingen statistisch signifikant erhöhte Serumkonzentrationen von Glycin und/oder Serin. 3. Fehlende Zufuhren vonl-Asparaginsäure undl-Glutaminsäure verursachen parallel statistisch signifikant erniedrigte Serumkonzentrationen von Asparaginsäure und Asparagin sowie homöostatische Serumkonzentrationen von Glutaminsäure und Glutamin. Ausschlie\lich unter der Dicarbonsäure-freien Infusionsernährung wurden trotz nur 15–20% höherer Zufuhr von Prolin, Alanin und Arginin, ansonsten identischer Zufuhr aller Bau- und Betriebsstoffe statistisch signifikant sehr deutlich erhöhte Serumkonzentrationen von Prolin, Alanin, Arginin und Methionin sowie statistisch signifikant sehr deutlich erniedrigte Serumkonzentrationen von Taurin gemessen. Unter der Dicarbonsäure-haltigen Infusionsernährung waren die Serumkonzentrationen dieser Aminosäuren ebenso wie von Asparaginsäure und Glutaminsäure ausschlie\lich im Normbereich gelegen. 4. Eine direkte bzw. indirekte Einwirkung der exogenen Zufuhr von Asparaginsäure und/oder Glutaminsäure auf die Homöostase von Asparaginsäure und Asparagin, den endogenen Umsatz von Prolin und Alanin sowie den physíologischen Ablauf des Krebs-Henseleit-Zyklus und des „transsulfuration-pathway“ mu\ diskutiert werden. 5. Da die in Serie 2 gewählten Zufuhren vonl-Asparaginsäure plusl-Glutaminsäure bei kontinuierlicher Zufuhr über jeweils 24 Stunden nachweislich keine Aminosäurehomöostase-Störung bedingten, sind diese Zufuhren unter den gegebenen Ernährungsbedingungen gesichert innerhalb des jeweils zugeordneten physiologischen Regelungsbereiches gelegen und damit atoxisch.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Dr ; 27.60.+j
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Theβ-decay of neutron-rich fission products with mass numbersA=107, 108 and 109 has been investigated at the mass separator LOHENGRIN of the Institute Laue-Lange-vin (ILL) in Grenoble by measuringβγ-coincidences with a large plastic scintillator telescope and a Ge(I)-detector. Theβ-decay energies of 8 nuclei were obtained from the evaluation of more than 40β-endpoint energies. For the nuclei107 Mo,107Tc,108Tc,109Tc and109Ru, theβ-decay energies were determined for the first time; the experimental error in the decay energy of three daughter nuclei was considerably reduced. In addition, the two-neutron separation energies and the nuclear mass excesses were calculated from these experimentalQ β-values and compared with different mass predictions.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Dr ; 27.60.+j
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Theβ-decay energy of the neutron-rich isotopes148Ba,148La and151Pr has been measured at the Institute Laue-Langevin (ILL). The148Ba- and148La-nuclei were produced using a high-temperature ion source at the OSTIS separator of this institute, whereas samples of151Pr were obtained from the thermal fission of239Pu, used as a target in the mass separator LOHENGRIN. At both instruments,βγ-coincidences were measured with a plastic scintillator telescope and a Ge(I)-detector, together withβ-singles andγ-singles spectra. Theβ-spectra emitted in coincidence with 44γ-lines in the decay of these nuclei have been evaluated. From their endpoint energies, the followingQ β -values have been obtained:Q β (148Ba)=5115±60keV;Q β (148La)=7255±55 keV;Q β (151Pr)=4170±75 keV. Using these results, the nuclear massesA of these nuclei can be calculated with a relative error ΔA/A≃5·10−7. In addition, the two-neutron separation energies and the mass excesses have been derived; the results are compared with recent predictions of theoretical mass calculations.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: tierexperimenteller Thiaminmangel ; Pyruvatverwertungsstörung ; Laktazidose ; Aminosäurehomöostasestörung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The metabolic effects of thiamine deficiency on the metabolism of lactate, acid-base and amino acids were evaluated both with and without muscular exercise in a controlled animal experiment. Thiamine deficiency — in good correlation with its biologic halftime and also with reports in the literature — caused with a latency of 17–56 days and statistically proven in parallel the following effects: 1. hyperlactemia 2. in comparison to controls elevated plasma concentrations of threonine, alanine, glutamic acid, glutamine, histidine, methionine, taurine, valine, isoleucine and leucine 3. distinctly lowered — also in comparison to controls — plasma concentrations of arginine and tryptophan. Furthermore, in the thiamine deficient rats predetermined muscular exercise caused the following effects, also occurring concomitantly: 1. life threatening lactacidosis 2. marked — statistically prover — disturbance of the homeostasis of alanine, glycine, methionine and arginine 3. distinctly — and statistically significant — elevated plasma concentration of proline 4. statistically significantly lowered plasma concentrations of taurine. The reasons for all these changes under thiamine deficiency is most likely a metabolic one primarily due to a disturbance of the utilization of pyruvate in the liver. An additional disturbance of both the transsulfuration pathway and the Krebs-Henseleit-cycle seems probable. The physiologic regulation of pyruvate, lactate, alanine, serine and tyrosine during muscular exercise in correlation to the controls is being discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer kontrollierten tierexperimentellen Studie werden die metabolischen Wirkungen eines definierten Thiaminmangels auf den Lactat-, Säuren-Basen- und Aminosäurenhaushalt unter Ruhe- und Belastungsbedingungen überprüft. In guter Korrelation zur biologischen Halbwertszeit von Thiamin und in Übereinstimmung mit Literaturangaben bedingte die Thiaminmangelkost mit einer Latenz von 17 bis 56 Tagen parallel 1. statistisch gesicherte Hyperlaktatämien, 2. gegenüber den Kontrollwerten sehr deutlich, in der Mehrzahl statistisch gesichert erhöhte Plasmakonzentrationen von Threonin, Alanin, Glutaminsäure, Glutamin, Histidin, Methionin, Taurin, Valin, Isoleucin und Leucin sowie 3. gegenüber den Kontrollwerten sehr deutlich und statistisch gesichert erniedrigte Plasmakonzentrationen von Arginin und Tryptophan. Darüber hinaus bedingte die energetische Belastung im genormten Belastungstest bei den thiaminarm ernährten Tieren parallel bedrohliche Laktazidosen, erheblich, statistisch gesichert ausgeprägtere Homöostasestörungen von Alanin, Glycin, Methionin und Arginin, sehr deutlich und statistisch signifikant erhöhte Plasmakonzentrationen von Prolin sowie statistisch signifikant abgesunkene, wieder im Bereich der Kontrollwerte liegende Plasmakonzentrationen von Taurin. Für die Mehrzahl der unter Thiaminmangel erhobenen Befunde muß als entscheidende metabolische Ursache eine hepatische Verwertungsstörung von Pyruvat angenommen werden. Störungen des Transsulfuration-Pathway und Krebs-Henseleit-Zyklus erscheinen wahrscheinlich. Die physiologische Regulation von Pyruvat, Lactat, Alanin, Serin und Tyrosin bei muskulärer Arbeit wird anhand der Kontrollwerte diskutiert.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: verzweigtkettige Aminosäuren ; Aminosäurenspiegel ; Stickstoffbilanz ; Ammoniakprofile ; psychometrische Teste
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In a doubleblind cross-over placebo-controlled trial the efficiency of oral treatment with branched chain amino acids was investigated in 22 inpatients with liver cirrhosis. In all patients evidence of latent (subclinical) portalsystemic encephalopathy was obtained by using an extensive psychometric test programme. Patients received a defined diet of 35 cal/kg/day containing 1 g of protein. In addition, branched chain amino acids or casein in a dosage of 0.25 g/kg/day was administered in a cross-over fashion, each for 1 week. Semiquantitative nitrogen balance increased during both treatments, with a tendency towards a larger increase during branched chain amino acid treatment. At the same time ammonia concentration tended to decrease during branched chain amino acid treatment. Taking into account the cross-over design, significant improvements attributable to branched chain amino acid treatment could be demonstrated in psychomotor functions (line tracing, tapping, steadiness, auditory reaction time), attention (digit table), and practical intelligence (digit symbol, number connection test).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer placebokontrollierten Doppelblind-Cross-over-Studie an 22 stationären Kranken mit Leberzirrhose wurde die Wirksamkeit der oralen Zufuhr von VKAS geprüft. Mit Hilfe eines ausführlichen psychometrischen Test-programms war bei diesen Patienten eine latente (subklinische) portosystemische Enzephalopathie nachgewiesen worden. Die Kranken erhielten eine definierte Diät mit 35 kcal und 1 g Protein pro kg/Tag. Zusätzlich wurden verzweigtkettige Aminosäuren bzw. Kasein in einer Dosierung von 0,25/kg/Tag im Cross-over-Verfahren für jeweils eine Woche verabreicht. Die semiquantitative Stickstoffbilanz erhöhte sich unter beiden Behandlungen, wobei die Tendenz zu einem stärkeren Anstieg unter der Behandlung mit VKAS bestand. Gleichzeitig tendierte die Ammoniakkonzentration unter der Behandlung mit VKAS zu einer Abnahme. Unter Berücksichtigung des Cross-over-Modells konnten signifikante, auf die Behandlung mit VKAS zurückzuführende Verbesserungen der psychomotorischen Funktionen (Liniennachfahren, Tapping, Steadiness, akustische Reaktionszeit), der Aufmerksamkeit (Zahlentafel) und der praktischen Intelligenz (Zahlensymboltest, Zahlenverbindungstest) nachgewiesen werden.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 8
  • 9
    Publication Date: 1982-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0044-264X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-1293
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1984-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0044-264X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-1293
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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