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Monograph available for loan

Food security and global environmental change (2010)

Ingram, John [Hrsg.] ; Ericksen, Polly [Hrsg.] ; Liverman, Diana [Hrsg.]

London [u.a.] : Earthscan

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Call number: IASS 12.0013

Description / Table of Contents: Global environmental change (GEC) represents an immediate and unprecedented threat to the food security of hundreds of millions of people, especially those who depend on small-scale agriculture for their livelihoods. As this book shows, at the same time, agriculture and related activities also contribute to GEC by, for example, intensifying greenhouse gas emissions and altering the land surface. Responses aimed at adapting to GEC may have negative consequences for food security, just as measures taken to increase food security may exacerbate GEC. The authors show that this complex and dynamic relationship between GEC and food security is also influenced by additional factors; food systems are heavily influenced by socioeconomic conditions, which in turn are affected by multiple processes such as macro-level economic policies, political conflicts and other important drivers. The book provides a major, accessible synthesis of the current state of knowledge and thinking on the relationships between GEC and food security.Most other books addressing the subject concentrate on the links between climate change and agricultural production, and do not extend to an analysis of the wider food system which underpins food security; this book addresses the broader issues, based on a novel food system concept and stressing the need for actions at a regional, rather than just an international or local, level. It reviews new thinking which has emerged over the last decade, analyses research methods for stakeholder engagement and for undertaking studies at the regional level, and looks forward by reviewing a number of emerging 'hot topics' in the food security-GEC debate which help set new agendas for the research community at large. This title is publi

Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan

Pages: XIX, 361 S. : graph. Darst.

ISBN: 9781849711272

Branch Library: RIFS Library

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Electronic Resource

The interaction of soil biota and soil structure under global change (1998)

YOUNG, IAIN. M. ; BLANCHART, ERIC. ; CHENU, CLAIRE ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd

Global change biology 4 (1998), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2486

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

Notes: The structural framework of soil mediates all soil processes, at all relevant scales. The spatio-temporal heterogeneity prevalent in most soils underpins the majority of biological diversity in soil, providing refuge sites for prey against predator, flow paths for biota to move, or be moved, and localized pools of substrate for biota to multiply. Just as importantly, soil biota play a crucial role in mediating soil structure: bacteria and fungi aggregate and stabilize structure at small scales (μm–cm) and earthworms and termites stabilize and create larger-scale structures (mm–m). The stability of this two-way interaction of structure and biota relations is crucial to the sustainability of the ecosystem.Soil is constantly reacting to changes in microclimates, and many of the soil–plant–microbe processes rely on the functioning of subtle chemical and physical gradients. The effect of global change on soil structure–biota interactions may be significant, through alterations in precipitation, temperature events, or land-use. Nonetheless, because of the complexity and the ubiquitous heterogeneity of these interactions, it is difficult to extrapolate from general qualitative predictions of the effects of perturbations to specific reactions. This paper reviews some of the main soil structure–biota interactions, particularly focusing on soil stability, and the role of biota mediating soil structures. The effect of alterations in climate and land-use on these interactions is investigated. Several case studies of the effect of land-use change are presented.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00194.x

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Electronic Resource

Soil Biota and Global Change—preface (1998)

INGRAM, JOHN ; WALL FRECKMAN, DIANA

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd

Global change biology 4 (1998), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2486

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00219.x

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4

Electronic Resource

The effects of elevated [CO2] on plant-soil carbon below-ground: A summary and synthesis (1995)

Canadell, Josep G. ; Pitelka, Louis F. ; Ingram, John S. I.

Springer

Plant and soil 187 (1995), S. 391-400

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: belowground respiration ; ecosystem carbon balance ; enhanced atmospheric [CO2] ; root symbionts ; root turnover ; soil carbon accumulation

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract We undertake a synthesis of the most relevant results from the presentations at the meeting “Plant-Soil Carbon Below-Ground: The Effects of Elevated CO2” (Oxford-UK, September 1995), many of which are published in this Special Issue. Below-ground responses to elevated [CO2] are important because the capacity of soils for long-term carbon sequestration. We draw the following conclusions: (i) several ecosystems exposed to elevated [CO2] showed sustained increased CO2 uptake at the plot level for many years. A few systems, however, showed complete down-regulation of net CO2 uptake after several years of elevated [CO2] exposure; (ii) under elevated [CO2], a greater proportion of fixed carbon is generally allocated below-ground, potentially increasing the capacity of below-ground sinks; and (iii) some of the increased capacity of these sinks may lead to increased long-term soil carbon sequestration, although strong evidence is still lacking. We highlight the need for more soil studies to be undertaken within ongoing ecosystem-level experiments, and suggest that while some key experiments already established should be maintained to allow long term effects and feedbacks to take place, more research effort should be directed to mechanisms of soil organic matter stabilization.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017102

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5

Electronic Resource

The electron impact induced fragmentation of geminal dialkanoates (1977)

Ingram, John G. K. ; Barry Thomas, C.

Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell

Biological Mass Spectrometry 12 (1977), S. 216-221

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ISSN: 0030-493X

Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: The mass spectra of representative 1,1-dicarboxylates have been studied in order to identify fragmentation patterns typical of such compounds and thus to aid their characterization in complex mixtures. Two typical decomposition pathways were noted. One invoves the loss of a carboxylate group, and the other the ejction of an sliphatic sidechain. It is suggested that a similar gragmentation scheme is to be expected of the much more labile dialkanoates derived from ketones.

Additional Material: 4 Tab.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210120408

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The arsenic concentration in groundwater from the Abbey Arms Wood observation borehole, Delamere, Cheshire, UK (2007)

Kinniburgh, David G. ; Newell, Andrew J. ; Davies, Jeff ; [et al.]

In: Geological Society Special Publication 263: 265-284.

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Publication Date: 2007-10-08

Description: A 150 m observation borehole was drilled in Abbey Arms Wood, Delamere, Cheshire, UK in order to explore the local hydrogeological conditions and to understand better the source of the high concentrations of arsenic in some of the local groundwaters. The borehole was located on an outcrop of the Helsby Sandstone Formation (part of the Sherwood Sandstone Group) and was cored into the underlying Wilmslow Sandstone Formation. The aquifers in the area are unconfined and give rise to low-Fe groundwaters with As concentrations in the 10-50 {micro}g l-1 range. The chemical composition of the sediments is quite uniform down to 150 m. The total arsenic content is in the range from 5 to 15 mg kg-1 and averaged 8 mg kg-1 (n = 60). There is no trend in sediment As concentration with depth, but pore water centrifuged from the core steadily increased in As concentration with depth. The As concentration ranges from 8 {micro}g l-1 at 10 m (unsaturated zone) to 30 {micro}g l-1 at 150 m. The source of the dissolved As remains unclear but the lack of evidence for discrete high-As minerals or zones of mineralization suggests that it is probably derived by desorption from rock-forming minerals in the sandstones, e.g. iron oxides. This may be in response to slightly higher pH (up to 8.0 at depth). If this trend applies throughout the area, restricting the screened interval for abstraction boreholes to the uppermost parts of the saturated zone may reduce As concentrations, but is likely to reduce yields and may also risk encountering groundwaters with high nitrate concentrations.

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Investigating rising nitrate concentrations in groundwater in the Permo-Triassic aquifer, Eden Valley, Cumbria, UK (2007)

Butcher, Andrew ; Lawrence, Adrian ; Jackson, Chris ; [et al.]

In: Geological Society Special Publication 263: 285-296.

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Publication Date: 2007-10-08

Description: Groundwater nitrate concentrations in the Permo-Triassic aquifer of the Eden Valley vary from less than 4 mg l-1 to in excess of 100 mg l-1 (as NO3). A significant number of boreholes exhibit rising trends in nitrate concentration that either approach or exceed the CEC Directive 80/778 Maximum Admissible Concentration (MAC) of 50 mg l-1. The main source of the nitrate is believed to be the nitrogen applied to grassland, both as slurry and as inorganic fertilizers. The variability in groundwater nitrate concentrations is thought to be due in part to land use, particularly where low-yielding boreholes derive their water from a limited/localized area, and in part due to the variability in the travel times for water and solutes to migrate from the soil to the water table and then to the borehole. This variability in travel times is a function of surficial geology, depth to water table, depth of borehole and superficial deposit thickness, amongst other factors. It is surprising, given the considerable storage within the saturated zone of the aquifer and the slow groundwater movement, that some relatively deep boreholes pump groundwater with nitrate concentrations in excess of 20 mgl-1. Simple numerical modelling suggests that the fraction of modern water pumped is sensitive to the presence of fissures close to the abstraction boreholes and the location of the boreholes relative to superficial deposits. For some scenarios, using realistic superficial deposit geometries and aquifer hydraulic parameters, the proportion of modern water (water that is derived from infiltration that reached the water table since pumping started) could exceed 40% within 15 years of pumping.

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