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  • 1
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    Comparison of two droplet sizing systems in an icing wind tunnel (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A comparison between the Phase Doppler Analyzer and the combined measurements from the Particle Measuring Systems Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe and the Optical Array Probe was conducted in an icing wind tunnel using NASA Icing Research Tunnel spray nozzles to produce the icing cloud. Clouds with a range of volume median diameterss from 10 to greater than 50 microns were used for the instrument comparisons. A comparison of the volume median diameter from the Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer and only the Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe indicated agreement up to 18 microns. A combined volume median diameter was calculated from the droplet distribution of the Optical Array Probe and the Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe. A comparison of the combined volume median diameters and the Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer volume median diameters showed agreement up to 30 microns with the agreement deteriorating rapidly above 30 microns. Droplet distributions from the Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer, the Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe, and Optical Array Probe are presented.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 90-0668
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Liquid water content and droplet size calibration of the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The icing research tunnel at the NASA Lewis Research Center underwent a major rehabilitation in 1986 to 1987, necessitating recalibration of the icing cloud. The methods used in the recalibration, including the procedure used to establish a uniform icing cloud and the use of a standard icing blade technique for measurement of liquid water content are described. PMS Forward Scattering Spectrometer and Optical Array probes were used for measurement of droplet size. Examples of droplet size distributions are shown for several median volumetric diameters. Finally, the liquid water content/droplet size operating envelopes of the icing tunnel are shown for a range of airspeeds and are compared to the FAA icing certification criteria.
    Keywords: RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 90-0669
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Performance of the forward scattering spectrometer probe in NASA's Icing Research Tunnel (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Two Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probes were used to measure droplet distributions in the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel. The instruments showed good agreement when the median volume diameter (MVD) was approximately 16 micrometers. Coincidence events affected much of the data and caused the measured MVD to be about 2 to 3 micrometers larger than expected. Coincidence events were reduced by shutting down half of the spray bars in the tunnel during certain tests.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 89-0769
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    A Study of Large Droplet Ice Accretions in the NASA-Lewis IRT at Near-Freezing Conditions (1996)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This report documents the results of an experimental study on large droplet ice accretions which was conducted in the NASA-Lewis Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) with a full-scale 77.25 inch chord Twin-Otter wing section. This study was intended to: (1) document the existing capability of the IRT to produce a large droplet icing cloud, and (2) study the effect of various parameters on large droplet ice accretions. Results are presented from a study of the IRT's capability to produce large droplets with MVD of 99 and 160 microns. The effect of the initial water droplet temperature on the resultant ice accretion was studied for different initial spray bar air and water temperatures. The initial spray bar water temperature was found to have no discernible effect upon the large droplet ice accretions. Also, analytical and experimental results suggest that the water droplet temperature is very nearly the same as the tunnel ambient temperature, thus providing a realistic simulation of the large droplet natural icing condition. The effect of temperature, droplet size, airspeed, angle-of attack, flap setting and de-icer boot cycling time on ice accretion was studied, and will be discussed in this report. It was found that, in almost all of the cases studied, an ice ridge formed immediately aft of the active portion of the de-icer boot. This ridge was irregular in shape, varied in location, and was in some cases discontinuous due to aerodynamic shedding.
    Keywords: Air Transportation and Safety
    Type: NASA-TM-107142/REV1 , E-10072-1 , NAS 1.15:107142 , ARL-MR-294 , AIAA Paper 96-0934 , 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit; Jan 15, 1996 - Jan 18, 1996; Reno, NV; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel: 2014 Cloud Calibration (2014)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The results of the December 2013 to February 2014 Icing Research Tunnel full icing cloud calibration are being presented to the SAE AC-9C committee, as represented in the 2014 cloud calibration report. The calibration steps included establishing a uniform cloud and conducting drop size and liquid water content calibrations. The goal of the calibration was to develop a uniform cloud, and to generate a transfer function from the inputs of air speed, spray bar atomizing air pressure and water pressure to the outputs of median volumetric drop diameter and liquid water content. This was done for both 14 CFR Parts 25 and 29, Appendix C (typical icing) and soon-to-be released Appendix O (supercooled large drop) conditions.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology; Research and Support Facilities (Air)
    Type: GRC-E-DAA-TN18729 , SAE AC-9C Aircraft Icing Technology Committee Fall 2014 Meeting; Oct 27, 2014 - Oct 30, 2014; Woburn, MA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel: 2012 Cloud Calibration Procedure and Results (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In 2011, NASA Glenn s Icing Research Tunnel underwent a major modification to it s refrigeration plant and heat exchanger. This paper presents the results of the subsequent full cloud calibration. Details of the calibration procedure and results are presented herein. The steps include developing a nozzle transfer map, establishing a uniform cloud, conducting a drop sizing calibration and finally a liquid water content calibration. The goal of the calibration is to develop a uniform cloud, and to build a transfer map from the inputs of air speed, spray bar atomizing air pressure and water pressure to the output of median volumetric droplet diameter and liquid water content.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: E-18520 , AIAA 4th Atmospheric Sciences; Jun 25, 2012 - Jun 29, 2012; New Orleans, LA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel: Upgrade and Cloud Calibration (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In 2011, NASA Glenn s Icing Research Tunnel underwent a major modification to it s refrigeration plant and heat exchanger. This paper presents the results of the subsequent full cloud calibration. Details of the calibration procedure and results are presented herein. The steps include developing a nozzle transfer map, establishing a uniform cloud, conducting a drop sizing calibration and finally a liquid water content calibration. The goal of the calibration is to develop a uniform cloud, and to build a transfer map from the inputs of air speed, spray bar atomizing air pressure and water pressure to the output of median volumetric droplet diameter and liquid water content.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: E-18520-1 , AIAA 4th Atmospheric Sciences; Jun 25, 2012 - Jun 29, 2012; New Orleans, LA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Creating a Bimodal Drop-Size Distribution in the NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The Icing Research Tunnel at NASA Glenn has demonstrated that they can create a drop-size distribution that matches the FAA Part 25 Appendix O FZDZ, MVD40 m normalized cumulative volume within 10. This is done by simultaneously spraying the Standard and Mod1 nozzles at the same nozzle air pressure and different nozzle water pressures. It was also found through these tests that the distributions that are measured when the two nozzle sets are sprayed simultaneously closely matched what was found by combining the two individual distributions analytically. Additionally, distributions were compared between spraying all spraybars and also by spraying only every-other spraybar, and were found to match within 4. The cloud liquid water content uniformity for this condition has been found to be excellent: 10. It should be noted, however, that the liquid water content for this condition in the IRT is much higher than the requirement specified in Part 25 Appendix O.
    Keywords: Research and Support Facilities (Air); Air Transportation and Safety
    Type: GRC-E-DAA-TN42266 , AIAA Atmospheric & Space Environments Conference; Jun 05, 1017 - Jun 09, 1017; Denver, CO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel: 2014 and 2015 Cloud Calibration Procedures and Results (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: This report summarizes the current status of the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) Icing Research Tunnel cloud calibration: specifically, the cloud uniformity, liquid water content, and drop-size calibration results from both the January-February 2014 full cloud calibration and the January 2015 interim cloud calibration. Some aspects of the cloud have remained the same as what was reported for the 2014 full calibration, including the cloud uniformity from the Standard nozzles, the drop-size equations for Standard and Mod1 nozzles, and the liquid water content for large-drop conditions. Overall, the tests performed in January 2015 showed good repeatability to 2014, but there is new information to report as well. There have been minor updates to the Mod1 cloud uniformity on the north side of the test section. Also, successful testing with the OAP-230Y has allowed the IRT to re-expand its operating envelopes for large-drop conditions to a maximum median volumetric diameter of 270 microns. Lastly, improvements to the collection-efficiency correction for the SEA multi-wire have resulted in new calibration equations for Standard- and Mod1-nozzle liquid water content.
    Keywords: Research and Support Facilities (Air); Air Transportation and Safety; Quality Assurance and Reliability
    Type: NASA/TM-2015-218758 , E-19083 , GRC-E-DAA-TN22630
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel: 2014 Cloud Calibration Procedure and Results (2014)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The results of the December 2013 to February 2014 Icing Research Tunnel full icing cloud calibration are presented. The calibration steps included establishing a uniform cloud and conducting drop size and liquid water content calibrations. The goal of the calibration was to develop a uniform cloud, and to generate a transfer function from the inputs of air speed, spray bar atomizing air pressure and water pressure to the outputs of median volumetric drop diameter and liquid water content. This was done for both 14 CFR Parts 25 and 29, Appendix C ('typical' icing) and soon-to-be released Appendix O (supercooled large drop) conditions.
    Keywords: Research and Support Facilities (Air)
    Type: NASA/TM-2014-218392 , E-18964 , GRC-E-DAA-TN14887
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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