Publication Date:
2012-05-25
Description:
Melanoma is notable for its metastatic propensity, lethality in the advanced setting and association with ultraviolet exposure early in life. To obtain a comprehensive genomic view of melanoma in humans, we sequenced the genomes of 25 metastatic melanomas and matched germline DNA. A wide range of point mutation rates was observed: lowest in melanomas whose primaries arose on non-ultraviolet-exposed hairless skin of the extremities (3 and 14 per megabase (Mb) of genome), intermediate in those originating from hair-bearing skin of the trunk (5-55 per Mb), and highest in a patient with a documented history of chronic sun exposure (111 per Mb). Analysis of whole-genome sequence data identified PREX2 (phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchange factor 2)--a PTEN-interacting protein and negative regulator of PTEN in breast cancer--as a significantly mutated gene with a mutation frequency of approximately 14% in an independent extension cohort of 107 human melanomas. PREX2 mutations are biologically relevant, as ectopic expression of mutant PREX2 accelerated tumour formation of immortalized human melanocytes in vivo. Thus, whole-genome sequencing of human melanoma tumours revealed genomic evidence of ultraviolet pathogenesis and discovered a new recurrently mutated gene in melanoma.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3367798/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3367798/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berger, Michael F -- Hodis, Eran -- Heffernan, Timothy P -- Deribe, Yonathan Lissanu -- Lawrence, Michael S -- Protopopov, Alexei -- Ivanova, Elena -- Watson, Ian R -- Nickerson, Elizabeth -- Ghosh, Papia -- Zhang, Hailei -- Zeid, Rhamy -- Ren, Xiaojia -- Cibulskis, Kristian -- Sivachenko, Andrey Y -- Wagle, Nikhil -- Sucker, Antje -- Sougnez, Carrie -- Onofrio, Robert -- Ambrogio, Lauren -- Auclair, Daniel -- Fennell, Timothy -- Carter, Scott L -- Drier, Yotam -- Stojanov, Petar -- Singer, Meredith A -- Voet, Douglas -- Jing, Rui -- Saksena, Gordon -- Barretina, Jordi -- Ramos, Alex H -- Pugh, Trevor J -- Stransky, Nicolas -- Parkin, Melissa -- Winckler, Wendy -- Mahan, Scott -- Ardlie, Kristin -- Baldwin, Jennifer -- Wargo, Jennifer -- Schadendorf, Dirk -- Meyerson, Matthew -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Golub, Todd R -- Wagner, Stephan N -- Lander, Eric S -- Getz, Gad -- Chin, Lynda -- Garraway, Levi A -- DP2 OD002750/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD002750-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA126674/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA126674-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA126674-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA155554/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA155554-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009172/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 May 9;485(7399):502-6. doi: 10.1038/nature11071.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22622578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Chromosome Breakpoints/radiation effects
;
DNA Damage
;
DNA Mutational Analysis
;
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
;
Genome, Human/*genetics
;
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/*genetics/metabolism
;
Humans
;
Melanocytes/metabolism/pathology
;
Melanoma/*genetics/pathology
;
Mutagenesis/radiation effects
;
Mutation/*genetics/radiation effects
;
Oncogenes/genetics
;
Sunlight/*adverse effects
;
Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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