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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of fungivorous and predatory arthropods on nematodes and tardigrades in microcosms with coniferous forest soil (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 21 (1996), S. 121-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Bacterial feeders ; Collembola ; Fungi ; Fungivores ; Nematodes ; Oribatids ; Predators ; Tardigrades ; Tullgren funnels ; Humus ; Irrigation ; Fertilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Effects of fungivorous and predatory soil arthropods on free-living nematodes and tardigrades were studied in a factorial microcosm experiment. A stepwise increase in faunal complexity was obtained by adding soil arthropods to defaunated humus samples from an irrigated+fertilized and an untreated stand of Scots pine. The effects were assessed after 103 and 201 days at 15°C and a soil moisture content of 50% water-holding capacity. The study showed that a diverse community of “fungivorous” arthropods (collembola and oribatid mites), present in numbers similar to those in the field, reduced the abundance of nematodes. A complete community of fungivorous and predatory arthropods (e.g., gamasides, spiders, and cantharid larvae) further strengthened this repressive effect. Certain nematode genera were more affected than others. Tardigrades seemed to be efficient predators on nematodes, but their numbers were, in turn, strongly reduced by predatory arthropods. Because predatory arthropods fed on both nematodes and their tardigrade predators, the impact of arthropod predators on nematode regulation was greater than it appeared to be on the basis of nematode numbers. Humus type also interacted with the other factors. Nematode numbers were initially higher in the untreated humus than in the irrigated+fertilized humus. However, because tardigrade populations increased only in the untreated humus, nematode numbers decreased more in this humus than in the irrigated+fertilized humus. The study demonstrates that nematode abundance can be regulated by a number of types of interacting predators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336003
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of lumbricids and enchytraeids on nematodes in limed and unlimed coniferous mor humus (1994)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 17 (1994), S. 201-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Bacterial-feeding nematodes ; Cognettia sphagnetorum ; Dendrobaena octaedra ; Enchytraeidae ; Humus ; Lime ; Lumbricidae ; Nematoda ; Protozoa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In a factorial laboratory experiment, specimens of Dendrobaena octaedra (Lumbricidae) and Cognettia sphagnetorum (Enchytraeidae) were added to microcosms with unlimed (pH 4.5) and limed (pH 5.5) coniferous mor humus containing bacteria, fungi, protozoans, and nematodes. Effects on the nematodes were assessed after an incubation period of 207 days at 15°C and a soil moisture content of 60% water-holding capacity. When D. octaedra was absent, nematodes were significantly more abundant in the limed humus than in the unlimed humus. The presence of D. octaedra markedly reduced the number of nematodes in the limed humus but not in the unlimed one, where D. octaedra lost weight and probably did not feed. Most nematodes (92–97%) were bacterial-feeders. The presence of D. octaedra did not decrease the number or biomass of bacteria, indicating that the reduction in nematode numbers was not the result of competition for bacteria between D. octaedra and the nematodes. The presence of C. sphagnetorum had no effect on the nematodes in either of the treatments. We suggest that the reason why D. octaedra, but not C. sphagnetorum, reduced nematode numbers is that the former was more likely to inadvertently ingest the nematodes because of its much greater size. The results provide a possible explanation for the observation that liming sometimes enhances nematode populations, when lumbricids do not respond to the treatment, and sometimes causes decreases, when lumbricids increase in number.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336323
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using the continuous-quality theory to predict microbial biomass and soil organic carbon following organic amendments (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 56 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Soil microbial biomass and microbial quotient (the ratio of soil microbial biomass to soil organic carbon) are considered to be useful as rapidly responding indicators of perturbations of soil properties. In this paper we will use a well-tested model (the continuous-quality theory) to analyse these variables in a Swedish 35-year-old field experiment with a black fallow, crop with no N addition, crop with calcium nitrate addition, and six treatments with organic amendments: straw, green manure, peat, farmyard manure, sawdust and sewage sludge.The model predicts correctly that the amount of microbial biomass increases for all the treatments with organic amendments compared with the black fallow treatment. The microbial biomass quotient increases also for all the amended treatments, except peat and sewage sludge, and decreases for the other treatments. The microbial biomass and microbial quotient increase with both the amounts of organic matter added (crop residues and amendments) and the quality of the added matter. However, to fully explain the observations it is also necessary to have an increasing microbial mortality with substrate quality. Moreover, short-term observations can be misleading with respect to both the magnitude and direction of long-term changes in biomass and related variables. Special attention must be paid to such amendments as sewage sludge, where contaminants such as heavy metals may determine process rates. We find no relation between microbial biomass or microbial quotient and yields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2004.00677.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of acidification and liming on feeding groups of nematodes in coniferous forest soils (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 9 (1990), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Acidification ; Aphelenchoides ; Bacterial biomass ; Liming ; Nematoda ; Picea abies ; Pinus sylvestris ; Soil fungi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nematodes were sampled in untreated, acidified, and limed plots in a Norway spruce (Fexboda) and a Scots pine (Norrliden) stand. At Fexboda, the total number of nematodes was significantly reduced after the acidification. This reduction was probably due to a shock effect, because the samples were taken only 5 months after an application of 200 kg H2SO4 ha-1 to the forest floor. However, the root/fungal-feeding Aphelenchoides was not reduced, probably because it is more tolerant of high acid concentrations than most other nematodes. At Norrliden, where the samples were taken 7 years after the last application of H2SO4, no significant differences were found between the acidified and untreated plots. If the treatment with H2SO4 caused similar effects as at Fexboda, the results indicate a recovery of the nematode populations. Decreased predation from lumbricids rather than a recovery of microfloral populations probably allowed this recovery. No marked effect of lime, spread 2 (Fexboda) and 12 years (Norrliden) before the sampling on the numbers of any of the nematode feeding groups was found. This correlated with almost no change in bacterial biomass after liming, while the active fraction of fungal hyphae was unaffected by liming at Fexboda and reduced by liming at Norrliden. A tendency for decreasing numbers of all nematode feeding groups in the limed plots at Norrliden coincided with increasing numbers of lumbricids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336226
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  • 5
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    Estimating the critical N:C from litter decomposition data and its relation to soil organic matter stoichiometry (2013)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0038-0717
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-3428
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 6
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    Using the continuous-quality theory to predict microbial biomass and soil organic carbon following organic amendments (2004)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-28
    Print ISSN: 1351-0754
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2389
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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