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  • 1
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    Evolution of extreme stomach pH in bilateria inferred from gastric alkalization mechanisms in basal deuterostomes (2016)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Stumpp, Meike; Hu, Marian Y; Tseng, Yung-Che; Guh, Ying-Jeh; Chen, Yi-Chih; Yu, Jr-Kai; Su, Yi-Hsien; Hwang, Pung-Pung (2015): Evolution of extreme stomach pH in bilateria inferred from gastric alkalization mechanisms in basal deuterostomes. Scientific Reports, 5, 10421, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10421
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-14
    Description: The stomachs of most vertebrates operate at an acidic pH of 2 generated by the gastric H+/K+-ATPase located in parietal cells. The acidic pH in stomachs of vertebrates is believed to aid digestion and to protect against environmental pathogens. Little attention has been placed on whether acidic gastric pH regulation is a vertebrate character or a deuterostome ancestral trait. Here, we report alkaline conditions up to pH 10.5 in the larval digestive systems of ambulacraria (echinoderm + hemichordate), the closest relative of the chordate. Microelectrode measurements in combination with specific inhibitors for acid-base transporters and ion pumps demonstrated that the gastric alkalization machinery in sea urchin larvae is mainly based on direct H+ secretion from the stomach lumen and involves a conserved set of ion pumps and transporters. Hemichordate larvae additionally utilized HCO3- transport pathways to generate even more alkaline digestive conditions. Molecular analyses in combination with acidification experiments supported these findings and identified genes coding for ion pumps energizing gastric alkalization. Given that insect larval guts were also reported to be alkaline, our discovery raises the hypothesis that the bilaterian ancestor utilized alkaline digestive system while the vertebrate lineage has evolved a strategy to strongly acidify their stomachs.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation; Description; Experimental treatment; Figure; Gene expression, fold change, relative; Gene expression, fold change, relative, standard error; Gene name; Inhibition of gastric alkalization; pH; pH, standard deviation; Salinity; Species; Standard error; Table; Temperature, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 208 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    ATPase activity, proton gradients and proton secretion inhibition during experiments with Sepia officinalis and Sepioteuthis lessoniana (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Hu, Marian Y; Tseng, Yung-Che; Lin, Li-Yih; Chen, Po-Yen; Charmantier-Daures, Mireille; Hwang, Pung-Pung; Melzner, Frank (2011): New insights into ion regulation of cephalopod molluscs: a role of epidermal ionocytes in acid-base regulation during embryogenesis. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 301(6), R1700-R1709, https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00107.2011
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: The constraints of an active life in a pelagic habitat led to numerous convergent morphological and physiological adaptations that enable cephalopod molluscs and teleost fishes to compete for similar resources. Here, we show for the first time that such convergent developments are also found in the ontogenetic progression of ion regulatory tissues; as in teleost fish, epidermal ionocytes scattered on skin and yolk sac of cephalopod embryos appear to be responsible for ionic and acid-base regulation before gill epithelia become functional. Ion and acid-base regulation is crucial in cephalopod embryos, as they are surrounded by a hypercapnic egg fluid with a Pco2 between 0.2 and 0.4 kPa. Epidermal ionocytes were characterized via immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and vital dye-staining techniques. We found one group of cells that is recognized by concavalin A and MitoTracker, which also expresses Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE3) and Na+-K+-ATPase. Similar to findings obtained in teleosts, these NHE3-rich cells take up sodium in exchange for protons, illustrating the energetic superiority of NHE-based proton excretion in marine systems. In vivo electrophysiological techniques demonstrated that acid equivalents are secreted by the yolk and skin integument. Intriguingly, epidermal ionocytes of cephalopod embryos are ciliated as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy, suggesting a dual function of epithelial cells in water convection and ion regulation. These findings add significant knowledge to our mechanistic understanding of hypercapnia tolerance in marine organisms, as it demonstrates that marine taxa, which were identified as powerful acid-base regulators during hypercapnic challenges, already exhibit strong acid-base regulatory abilities during embryogenesis.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 3
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    (Figure 6A) Proton gradients at different locations on the entire surface of squid embryos (2015)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Keywords: delta; Location; Standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 18 data points
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  • 4
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    (Figure 6B) Inhibitory effects on proton secretion in control and treated samples (2015)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Keywords: Percentage; Standard deviation; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 12 data points
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  • 5
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    (Figure 1A) Relative activity of total ATPases and Na+/K+ ATPase in whole animal homogenates of Sepia officinalis (2015)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-28
    Keywords: Adenosine triphosphatase activity; Sepia officinalis, mass; Sodium/Potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 81 data points
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondria-rich cells in the branchial epithelium of the teleost,Oreochromis mossambicus, acclimated to various hypotonic environments (1996)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 15 (1996), S. 513-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: tilapia ; gill ; mitochondria-rich cells ; hypotonic environments ; Oreochromis mossambicus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Branchial mitochondria-rich (MR) cells were examined on the afferent side of gill filaments in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) acclimated to different hypotonic environments, local fresh water (LFW), hard fresh water (HFW) and 5‰ salt water (SW). Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) identified three types of apical surfaces of the MR cells, wavy convex, shallow basin and deep hole. In spite of the different types of apical surfaces, light microscopic (LM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) studies suggested that these cells were MR cells. The relative abundance of these 3 types of branchial MR cells varied with external hypotonic milieus. Wavy-convexed MR cells were dominant in the gills of fish adapted to HFW, whereas shallow-basined MR cells were evident in LFW-adapted fish. In SW-adapted fish, most of the MR cells were deep holes. Experiments on adaptation to various hypotonic milieus revealed that the changes of the branchial MR cells were reversible and occurred within 24 hours following transfer. The morphological alterations of the MR cells correlated with ionic changes in different milieus, indicating that these distinct types of MR cells may play key roles for osmoregulation in hypotonic media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874924
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium balance in embryos and larvae of the freshwater-adapted teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus (1994)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 13 (1994), S. 325-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: tilapia ; embryos ; larvae ; development ; Ca2+ content ; Ca2+ influx ; Ca2+ efflux ; skin ; chloride cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Changes in Ca2+ content and flux, and the development of skin chloride cells in embryos and larvae of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, were studied. Tilapia embryos hatched within 96h at an ambient temperature of 26–28°C. Total body Ca2+ content was maintained at a constant level, about 4–8 nmol per individual, during embryonic development. However, a rapid increase in body Ca2+ level was observed after hatching, 12.8 to 575.3 nmol per individual from day 1 to day 10 after hatching. A significant influx and efflux of Ca2+ occurred during development, with the average influx rate for Ca2+ increasing from 5.9 pmol mg−1 h−1 at 48h postfertilization to 47.8 pmol mg−1 h−1 at 1 day posthatching. The skin was proposed as the main site for Ca2+ influx before the development of gills, and the increased Ca2+ influx may be ascribed to gradual differentiation of skin surface and chloride cells during embryonic development. Ca2+ efflux was 16–56 pmol mg−1 h−1 in 1-day-old larvae. The resulting net influx of Ca2+, 10–12 pmol mg−1 h−1, accounted for the increased Ca2+ content after hatching. When comparing the measured and estimated ratios of efflux and influx, active transport was suggested to be involved in the uptake of Ca2+. Chloride cells, which may be responsible for the active uptake of Ca2+, started to differentiate in the skin of embryos 48h after fertilization, and the density of chloride cells increased following the development. A possibility of active transport for Ca2+ in early developmental stages of tilapia is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00003437
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological changes of integumental chloride cells to ambient cadmium during the early development of the teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 45 (1996), S. 95-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Heavy metal ; Free embryos ; Tilapia ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Fish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Newly-hatched embryos of Oreochromis mossambicus were reared in freshwater and treated with 0 (control), 50 (low level) or 200 (high level) ppb cadmium for 4 days. Changes in the numbers and dimensions of chloride cell apical crypts on the skin of the free embryos were examined daily using scanning electron microscopy. The apical crypts of the chloride cells were rarely observed on the skin of the embryo trunk, and unevenly distributed on the surface of the yolksac. Two days after hatching, the chloride cells of the free embryos exposed to 50 ppb Cd were more ‘active’ than those of the other two groups. Compared with the control group, the maximum dimensions of the developing apical crypts were stimulated by 50 ppb Cd and inhibited by 200 ppb Cd. The results indicated that the development of chloride cells in tilapia free embryos was provoked by low level Cd exposure and stunted by high level Cd exposure, suggesting the existence of structure/function relationships in which the activation of chloride cells may be related to the ionoregulatory mechanism in adaptation to Cd exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000631
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of environmental calcium levels on calcium uptake in tilapia larvae Oreochromis mossambicus (1996)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 15 (1996), S. 363-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: tilapia ; larvae ; development ; Ca2+ content ; Ca2+ influx ; Km, Jmax
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of environmental calcium concentrations on the survival, growth, body calcium content and calcium uptake kinetics in developing tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) larvae were studied. Fertilized eggs were incubated in high- and low-calcium artificial freshwater (0.88–0.96 mmol l−1 vs. 0.02–0.03 mmol l−1 CaCl2 or CaSO4) until 3 days after hatching. Tilapia larvae showed similar hatching rates and wet weights in either high- or low-calcium medium, indicating neither the development nor the growth in tilapia larvae was affected by the environmental calcium levels. The body calcium content in low-calcium groups was about 90–95% that of high-calcium groups, No matter what calcium source was used (CaCl2 or CaSO4), acclimation to low calcium medium caused a stimulation of calcium uptake (measured in 0.2 mmol l−1 calcium),i.e., 1.2–1.3 fold higher than that of high calcium groups. This enhanced calcium uptake capacity was characterized by a 50% decrease in Km and a 25% increase in Jmax. Effect of different calcium salts on calcium influx was significant only in low calcium level,i.e., calcium influx in low-CaCl2 group higher than that in low-CaSO4 group. These results suggest that tilapia larvae are able to modulate their calcium uptake mechanism to maintain normal body calcium content and growth in environments with different levels of calcium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01875578
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical identification of prolactin cells in the pituitary gland of tilapia larvae (Oreochromis mossambicus: Teleostei) (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 203-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Prolactin cells ; Pituitary gland ; Tilapia larvae, Oreochromis mossambicus (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using an antiserum to highly purified chum salmon prolactin, prolactin cells were identified in the putative rostral pars distalis of newly hatched tilapia larvae (Oreochromis mossambicus) by the immunogold method for the electron microscope. In the putative rostral pars distalis, some cells had another kind of secretory granule which was much less numerous, much smaller in size, and without immunoreactivity to salmon prolactin antiserum. Controls incubated with salmon prolactin-preabsorbed antiserum or normal serum showed no immunoreactive cells, confirming the specificity of the antiserum. The possible role of prolactin in the osmoregulation of tilapia larvae is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297506
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