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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Ecosystem processes in antarctic ice-free landscapes : proceedings of an international workshop on polar desert ecosystems, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1-4 July 1996 (1997)
    Rotterdam : Balkema
    Details Availability
    Call number: AWI G1-98-0261
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 281 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9054109254
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
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    Table 2. - Benthic community characteristics along Victoria Land, Antarctica, from the 2004 R/V "Italica" cruise (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Berkman, Paul Arthur; Cattaneo-Vietti, Riccardo; Chiantore, Mariachiara; Howard-Williams, Clive; Cummings, Vonda; Kvitek, Rikk (2005): Marine research in the Latitudinal Gradient Project along Victoria Land, Antarctica. Arntz, Wolf E, Lovrich, Gustavo A & Thatje, Sven (eds.) The Magellan-Antarctic connection: links and frontiers at southern high latitudes, Scientia Marina, 69 (Suppl. 2), 57-63, https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2005.69s257
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: This paper describes the conceptual framework of the Latitudinal Gradient Project that is being implemented by the New Zealand, Italian and United States Antarctic programmes along Victoria Land, Antarctica, from 72°S to 86°S. The purpose of this interdisciplinary research project is to assess the dynamics and coupling of marine and terrestrial ecosystems in relation to global climate variability. Preliminary data about the research cruises from the R/V "Italica" and R/V "Tangaroa" along the Victoria Land Coast in 2004 are presented. As a global climate barometer, this research along Victoria Land provides a unique framework for assessing latitudinal shifts in 'sentinel' environmental transition zones, where climate changes have an amplified impact on the phases of water.
    Keywords: Assemblage; Biodiversity; Calcium carbonate; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Elevation, maximum; Elevation, minimum; Italica; Italica_2004; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Site; Station label; Substrate type; Victoria Land, Antarctica; vl-stations
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 179 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellulolytic bacteria as primary colonizers ofPotamogeton pectinatus L. (Sago Pond Weed) from a Brackish South-Temperate Coastal Lake (1979)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 5 (1979), S. 167-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bacteria adhering to newly emerged and decomposing leaves ofPotamogeton pectinatus L. were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Bacteria obtained from mature leaves were isolated, grown in pure culture, and allowed to infect bacteria-free leaves. Infected leaves and individual isolates were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The method provided detail of the forms of bacterial attachment to leaf surfaces. Supernatants from isolate cultures were assayed for cellulase activity. Six out of eight isolates produced extracellular cellulase in medium containing carboxymethyl cellulose. In one isolate cellulase was produced at discrete intervals, at the beginning and end of the growth cycle. The adhesion of the isolates toP. pectinatus leaves, as well as their possession of cellulase, are considered as evidence of an active role of bacteria in the degradation ofP. pectinatus foliage. The system is unusual in that bacteria, as opposed to fungi, are primary colonizers of the leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02013524
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antarctic stream ecosystems: physiological ecology of a blue-green algal epilithon (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 16 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 1. Several dozen summer meltwater streams are located in the McMurdo Sound region (c. 78°S 165°E) of southern Victoria Land. They are characterized by a highly variable flow regime at diel, seasonal and annual times caleis; wide fluctuations in temperature and nutrient content; and a very simple epilithic community of cyanophytes (Nostoc spp., Oscillatoriaceae), bacteria, fungi and microherbivores.2. The epilithon survives the dark Antarctic winter as dry, frozen mats which provide a large inoculum for growth the following summer. This overwintering assemblage retains a high metabolic capacity and responds rapidly to rehydration.3. In a series of artificial substrate experiments, biomass accumulation rates were generally less than 0.1 In units d−1. Colonization and growth on the substrates was inversely related to the suspended sediment load of the stream. There was also a visual correspondence between per cent algal cover of the natural streambed and the clarity of the streamwater. Sloughing losses may limit community biomass, particularly in the turbid flowing waters.4. During running water conditions the mature communities had very low gross photosynthetic rates per unit chlorophyll (〈0,1 μg C (μg chl a.h)−1 and per unit carbon (〈0,2 μg C (mg biomass C.h)−1). Respiration was generally a high percentage (up to 92%) of gross photosynthesis, which probably reflected the high population densities of microheterotrophs in the community.5. The floristically simple epilithic mats slowly accumulate to extreme biomass levels (〉20 μg chl a cm −2, 〈20 mg C cm−2). Production rates per unit biomass are low, probably in response to the cold temperatures of the Antarctic stream environment, and the accumulated biomass represents several seasons of growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1986.tb00966.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deep-water aquatic plant communities in an oligotrophic lake: physiological responses to variable light (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 33 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Oligotrophic Lake Waikaremoana, New Zealand, is used for hydroelectric power generation and the lake levels are manipulated within an operating range of 3 m. There was concern that rapidly changing water levels adversely affected the littoral zone by decreasing light availability in two ways: local turbidity caused by shoreline erosion at low water levels; and decreased light penetration to the deep littoral zone caused by high water levels in summer.2. The littoral zone was dominated by native aquatic plants with vascular species to 6 m and a characean meadow below this to 16 m. The biomass and heights of the communities in the depth zone 0–6 m were reduced at a site exposed to wave action relative to those at a sheltered site. However, the community structure below 6 m was similar at exposed and sheltered sites. The lower boundary of the littoral zone was sharply delimited at 16 m and this bottom boundary remained constant throughout the year despite large seasonal changes in solar radiation and the 3 m variation in lake level.3. There was evidence that the deep-water community consisting of Chara corallina had adapted physiologically to low-light conditions. Net light saturated photosynthesis (CO2 exchange) per unit chlorophyll a (Chl a) was reduced to 1.7 μg C (μg Chl a)−1 h−1 at the lower boundary, half of that recorded at 5 m. The concentration of Chi a per gram of biomass (dry weight), was considerably greater at the lower boundary than higher in the profile [c. 7 mg Chl a (g dry wt)−1 at 16 m vs. 4 mg Chl a (g dry wt)−1 at 5 m]. Chl b also increased with depth and there was no change in the ratio of Chl a and Chl b with increasing depth. The saturation light intensity (Ik) of the community at the lower boundary was only 78 μmol photons m−2 s−1. Photosynthetic parameters (Ik and α) as well as the Chl a content remained relatively constant throughout the seasonal and short-term changes in radiation.4. The photosynthetic characteristics of the littoral community were therefore not greatly affected by the lake level change caused by the present hydroelectric operations. However, the sharpness of the lower boundary and its extreme shade characteristics imply that the deep-water community would be sensitive to any further changes in underwater light availability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1995.tb00389.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cycling and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus in wetlands: a theoretical and applied perspective (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 15 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1This review considers the internal fluxes and transformations of nitrogen and phosphorus in wetland ecosystems. Emphasis is placed on the dynamic nature of nutrient cycling and the review is slanted towards an applied perspective, namely the possible use of wetlands as sinks for unwanted nutrients.2A number of basic concepts pertaining to wetland ecosystems are first explained. These are: successional time scales, exchange equilibria and the concepts of storage and through flow, resource consumption and supply including the ideas of new and regenerated nutrients and the nutrient spiralling concept. Much of the following review material is referenced back to these concepts.3Descriptions of the basic pathways of nutrients through different types of wetland systems are given with the emphasis placed on the movement into and out of the major storage compartments of wetland systems.4The problems of conversion of qualitative information (or data in concentration units) on nutrient movements and transformations, into data on mass flows are then discussed. The importance of understanding groundwater, evapotranspiration processes and the effects of floods and seasonality on mass flow calculations can be significant. Unidentified groundwater sources can dilute nutrient concentrations, and evapotranspiration can increase concentrations. The pattern of through flow can also alter nutrient levels. Increasing residence time has the effect of decreasing nutrients in the wetland outflow.5The review then considers the effects of adding nutrients to wetlands. The concept of the loading capacity is discussed in relation to the length of time a wetland can continue to remove nutrients from through flow. Sediment accumulation and degassing are seen as the major long-term nutrient sinks. Nutrient enrichment results in biological changes to wetlands. These involve both changes in species composition and productivity. Not all are deleterious.6The literature indicates that natural wetlands are not particularly effective as nutrient sinks when compared with conventional stripping plants but their value lies in removal of diffuse nutrient runoff at low concentrations. Dealing with this type of runoff by conventional means is not generally feasible.7Recent studies show that artificially created wetlands can he effective systems for nutrient (particularly N) removal only if their internal removed mechanisms are understood and if these are optimized by management techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1985.tb00212.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Desiccation and recovery of antarctic cyanobacterial mats (1992)
    Springer
    Polar biology 12 (1992), S. 587-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ability of cyanobacterial mats from Antarctic ponds and streams to recover from desiccation is described. Mats dominated by Nostoc dehydrated rapidly and were dry within 5 h of exposure. Nostoc mats recovered to pre-desiccation rates of photosynthesis and respiration within as little as 10 min of rewetting. Recovery of acetylene reduction activity was slower (〉24 h). Phormidium dominated mats were less tolerant of desiccation, and recovery on rewetting from air-drying was not complete after 10 days. Viable diaspores were, however, found in Phormidium mats which had been exposed for 3 years. Partial hydration during aerial exposure improved the survival of Phormidium mats, but appeared to slow the recovery of Nostoc mats on subsequent rewetting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236981
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of aquatic weed regrowth following mechanical harvesting in New Zealand hydro-lakes (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 340 (1996), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: mechanical harvesting ; management ; Hydrocharitaceae ; Lagarosiphon ; Nitella ; Ceratophyllum ; Egeria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mechanical harvesting is used to control submerged aquatic weeds in parts of the hydro-lakes in New Zealand's North Island. Problem species are Egeria densa and Lagarosiphon major (Hydrocharitaceae), and Ceratophyllum demersum. Experiments were conducted in two contrasting hydro-lakes. Lake Aratiatia; clear water (K o 0.2 m−1) and a low residence time (〈 8 h), and Lake Ohakuri; turbid water (K o = 0.6) and a longer residence time (〉 5 days). Growth rates were measured underwater in harvested and control (unharvested) plots. Regrowth of C. demersum was dependent on the prior establishment of the rooted Hydrocharitaceae. Regrowth of the Hydrocharitaceae was inhibited where significant water movement occurred. Regrowth declined after 3 six-monthly harvests allowing the establishment of low growing native Nitella spp. beds in the smaller clear water lake. In Lake Ohakuri there was a change in species dominance from Ceratophyllum to Elodea canadensis in shallow (1–2 m) water. No change in species dominance was observed in deeper (〉2 m) water and native species were not able to re-establish. The recommended cutting frequency for management of surface weed growths was only once per year in Lake Aratiatia, but twice per year in Lake Ohakuri.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012760
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial communities in southern Victoria Land streams (Antarctica) I. Photosynthesis (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 172 (1989), S. 27-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Antarctica ; biofilms ; cyanobacteria ; photosynthesis ; chlorophyll ; pigments ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; epilithic algae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The glacier-fed ephemeral streams of southern Victoria Land (ca. 78° S, 64° E) are colonised by an epilithon dominated by cyanobacterial mats and films. Biomass levels are often high (〉 15 µg Chl a · cm−2). The mat structure, pigment and photosynthetic characteristics of these communities have been investigated on site. The mats in high light environments have a layered structure with high levels of light shielding accessory pigments in the upper layers and elevated chlorophyll a and phycocyanin concentrations in the lower layers. Photosynthetic rates per unit area (0.4–3.5 µg C · cm− 2 · hr−1) fall within the range reported for temperate communities. P vs I curves were used to separate high, intermediate and low light communities. Ik values for high light communities were at or lower than PAR recorded at midnight in the polar midsummer (ca 100 µ E m−2 · s−1). We did not detect photoinhibitory responses at the midday light intensities. In situ continuous nutrient enrichment experiments failed to demonstrate N or P limitation to pigment content or photosynthetic rates. We suggest that the growth of these communities is controlled by factors other than light and nutrients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00031610
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial communities in southern Victoria Land streams (Antarctica) II. The effects of low temperature (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 172 (1989), S. 39-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Antarctica ; bacteria ; biofilms ; cyanobacteria ; microbial mats ; Nostoc ; Phormidium ; photosynthesis ; respiration ; stream algae ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Water temperatures in southern Victoria Land streams fluctuated over the range 0 to 10 lay close to freezing. In a series of controlled assays at Fryxell Stream, Taylor Valley, the benthic microbial mats showed strongly positive metabolic responses to increases in temperature well above ambient. Rates of polysaccharide and lipid biosynthesis increased with temperature over the range 0 to 25 °C. Between 0 and 10 °C, Q10 values for the cyanobacterial mats were 1.7 to 3.2 for gross photosynthesis, 2.5 to 5.7 for respiration, 2.2 to 2.5 for acetate incorporation into lipid, 1.9 to 3.8 for glucose catabolism, and 1.9 to 2.8 for thymidine incorporation. Respiration accounted for a high percentage of gross photosynthesis, and a net respiratory loss of carbon from three communities was either induced or worsened by an increase in temperature from 0 to 10 °C. The chlorophyll a content of Nostoc disc incubated for one month in darkness decreased by 27% at 5 °C, but by 99% at 25 °C. This set of assays suggests that the cyanobacterial mats contained large amounts of chlorophyll a and carbon associated with inactive or senescing cells. This unusual standing stock could probably not persist under warmer conditions, which would promote both increased respiratory losses and faster rates of bacterial decomposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00031611
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