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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman and infrared spectra of isosteric diammine and dimethyl complexes of heavy metals. Normal-coordinate analysis of (X3Y2)2Z ions and molecules (1968)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 7 (1968), S. 1721-1729 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic50067a006
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared gas-phase intensity measurements, polar tensors and effective charges of trans-difluoro-and trans-dichloroethylene (1984)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 88 (1984), S. 521-526 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j150647a040
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of root temperature on the uptake of nitrogen and the relative size of the root system in Lolium perenne. I. Solutions containing both NH+4 and NO3− (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 9 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Lolium perenne L. cv. S23 was grown in flowing culture solution, pH 5, in which the concentrations of NH4+, NO3− and K+ were frequently monitored and adjusted to set values. In a pre-experimental period, plants were acclimatized to a regime in which roots were treated at 5°C with shoots at 25°C. The root temperature was then changed to one of the following, 3, 7, 9, 11, 13, 17 or 25°C, while air temperature remained at 25°C.When root temperature was increased from 5X, the relative growth rate of roots increased immediately while that of shoots changed much less for a period of approximately 9 d (phase 1). Thus, the root: shoot ratio increased, but eventually approached a new, temperature-dependent, steady value (phase 2). The fresh: freeze-dried weight ratio (i.e. water content) in shoots (and roots) increased during the first phase of morphological adjustment (phase 1).In both growth phases and at all temperatures, plants absorbed more NH4+ than NO4+, the tendency being extreme at temperatures below 9° where more than 85% of the N absorbed was NH4+. Plants at different root temperatures, growing at markedly different rates, had very similar concentrations of total N in their tissues (cells) on a fresh weight basis, despite the fact that they derived their N with differing preference for NH4+. Specific absorption rates for NH4+, NOx−, K+ and H2PO4− showed very marked dependence on root temperature in phase 1, but ceased to show this dependence once a steady state root: shoot ratio had been established in phase 2.The results indicate the importance of relative root size in determining ion fluxes at the root surface. At higher temperatures where the root system was relatively large, ‘demand’ per unit root was low, whereas at low temperatures roots were small relative to shoots and ‘demand’ was high enough to offset the inhibitory effects of low temperature on transport processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11616282
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acclimatization of K+ uptake to changes in root temperature: experiments with oilseed rape and barley in flowing solution culture (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 10 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Changes in the net uptake rate of K+ and in the average tissue concentration of K+ were measured over 14 d in response to changes in root temperature with oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Bien venu) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Atem). Plants were grown in flowing nutrient solutions containing 2.5 mmol m−3 K+ and were acclimatized over 49 d (rape) or 28 d (barley) to low root temperature (5°C) prior to steady–state treatments at root temperatures between 3 °C and 25 °C, with common air temperature. Uptake of K+ was monitored continuously over 14 d and nitrogen was supplied as NH4++ NO−3 or NH+4 or NO−3. Unit absorption rates of K+ increased with time and with root temperature up to Day 4 or 5 following the change in root temperature. Thereafter they usually approached steady-state, with Q10≃ 2.0 between 7 °C and 17°C, although rates became similar between 7 °C and 13°C. Uptake of K+ by rape plants was invariably greater under NO−3 nutrition compared with NH+4. The percentage K+ in the plant dry matter increased with temperature from 2% at 3 °C to 4% at 25 °C in rape, but there was less effect of temperature on the average concentrations of K+ in the plant fresh weight or plant water content. Concentrations of K+ in the leaf water fraction of rape plants decreased with increasing root temperature, but in barley they increased with increasing root temperature. Concentrations of K+ in the root water fraction were relatively stable with respect to root temperature. The results are discussed in terms of compensatory changes in K+ uptake following a change in root temperature and the relationships between growth, shoot: root ratio and K+ composition of the plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1987.tb01852.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadmium uptake from solution by plants and its transport from roots to shoots (1976)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 44 (1976), S. 179-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The uptake of cadmium by the roots of plants, and its transport to shoots was examined using solution culture. Uptake by the roots of perennial ryegrass over a period of 4 hours from an aqueous solution containing 0.25 ppm cadmium as CdCl2 was (i) enhanced by killing the roots and (ii) depressed when Ca2+, Mn2+ or Zn2+ were added to the solution. The distribution of cadmium between the roots and shoots of 23 species was examined at 4 days after a single, 3-day exposure to a nutrient solution containing 0.01 ppm added Cd. In all except 3 species, i.e. kale, lettuce and watercress, more than 50 per cent of that taken up was retained in the roots. The concentration in the roots was always greater than in the shoots, and in fibrous roots of fodder beet, parsnip, carrot and radish it was greater than in the swollen storage roots. When perennial ryegrass was similarly exposed to solutions containing 0.01, 0.05, and 0.25 ppm added cadmium, uptake, as measured at 3 days after adding cadmium, increased with increasing rates of addition, but the proportion retained in the roots was constant (approximately 88 per cent). There was no further transport from roots to shoots during the next 21 days, with the result that the concentration in the shoots decreased progressively with increasing growth. It is concluded that although the roots of several species can take up large quantities of cadmium from solution there are mechanisms which may restrict the movement of cadmium through plants, and thus to animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016965
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lead uptake from solution by perennial ryegrass and its transport from roots to shoots (1973)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 38 (1973), S. 403-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The uptake of lead by roots and its transport to the shoots was examined with perennial ryegrass in solution cultures. Root uptake as measured by the decrease in concentration of lead in an aqueous solution containing 1 mg Pb/l as Pb (NO3)2 was rapid, almost complete, and unaffected by removing the shoots or killing the roots. Lead bound in the roots was not released by exchange with Ca or Ba ions. The distribution of lead within the plant was examined at intervals after a single, 3-day exposure to various levels of lead added to a nutrient solution. The total uptake, or lead burden, increased with increasing rates of addition and ranged from 281 to 9969 μg/Pb per 3 plants. The proportion of the lead reaching the shoots at the first harvest (7 days after adding lead) was 3.5 to 22.7 per cent of total uptake, the lower value being for plants with the greatest burden. Transport to the shoots continued throughout the experimental periods of 21 and 28 days but did not exceed 28.9 per cent of total uptake. The concentration of lead in shoots at the first harvest ranged from 0.2 to 58.4 ppm and that in the corresponding roots from 5.5 to 5310 ppm. At later harvests, and after cutting, the concentration in the shoots decreased; an exception was in plants with the greatest lead burden. It is concluded that roots of actively growing ryegrass provide a barrier which restricts the movement of lead to the above-ground parts of plants, and so to animals or man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00779022
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature on parameters of root growth relevant to nutrient uptake: Measurements on oilseed rape and barley grown in flowing nutrient solution (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 94 (1986), S. 321-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Flowing solution culture ; Growth models ; Hordeum vulgare ; Root growth ; Root hair ; Root length ; Root temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Effects of root temperature on the growth and morphology of roots were measured in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plants were grown in flowing solution culture and acclimatized over several weeks to a root temperature of 5°C prior to treatment at a range of root temperatures between 3 and 25°C, with common shoot temperature. Root temperature affected root extension, mean radius, root surface area, numbers and lengths of root hairs. Total root length of rape plants increased with temperature over the range 3–9°C, but was constant at higher temperatures. Root length of barley increased with temperature in the range 3–25°C, by a factor of 27 after 20 days. Root radii had a lognormal distribution and their means decreased with increasing temperature from 0.14 mm at 3°C to 0.08 mm at 25°C. The density of root hairs on the root surface increased by a factor of 4 in rape between 3 and 25°C, but in barley the highest density was at 9°C. The contribution of root hairs to total root surface area was relatively greater in rape than in barley. The changes in root system morphology may be interpreted as adaptive responses to temperature stress on nutrient uptake, providing greater surface area for absorption per unit root weight or length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374326
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The uptake of sodium by perennial ryegrass and its relationship to potassium supply in flowing solution culture (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 60 (1981), S. 73-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Distribution (shoots roots) ; Flowing solution culture ; H-ions ; Lolium perenne ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The uptake of Na and K by perennial ryegrass from flowing solution culture with monitored concentrations of Na and K was followed in two experiments. In the first, when only 50 and 10 per cent of the K uptake by one set of plants, grown with K held constant at 2.5 μeq 1−1, was supplied to two other linked sets of plants and the balance supplied as Na, there was a rapid decrease in K, and an increase in Na, concentration in the shoots over a 20-day period. However, when compared with the plants grown in K in solution held constant, there was not a complete replacement of Na for K. In the second experiment the concentration of K in the culture solution was held constant at 2 μeq 1−1 and Na at 0, 5, 25, 50 and 100 μeq 1−1. Although uptake of Na increased with increasing concentration in solution the contents in the plants were low,i.e. less than 0.19 per cent and decreased with time. There was an increase in the yield of both shoots and roots with increasing Na in the solution; it was suggested that, during the early stages of growth there may have been an inadequate supply of K and that Na may have substituted for K in some of the non-specific roles of K in the plants. There was evidence in both experiments that a flux of H-ions was involved in the uptake of Na.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02377113
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of root temperature on uptake of nitrate and ammonium ions by barley grown in flowing-solution culture (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 91 (1986), S. 303-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ammonium uptake ; Barley ; Flowing-solution culture ; Hordeum vulgare L. ; Nitrate uptake ; Root temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown from seed for 28 days in flowing solution culture were subjected to different root temperatures (3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 17, 25°C) for 14 days with a common air temperature of 25/15°C (day/night). Uptake of NH4 and NO3 ions was monitored separately and continuously from solutions maintained at 10 μM NH4NO3 and pH 6.0. Effects of root temperature on unit absorption rate $$\bar S$$ , flux $$\bar F$$ and inflow $$\bar I$$ were compared. After 5 days $$\bar S$$ , $$\bar F$$ and $$\bar I$$ increased with temperature over the range 3–11°C for NH4 ions and over the range 3–13°C for NO3 ions, with little change for either ion above these temperatures. Q10 temperature coefficients for NH4 ions (3–13°C) were 1.9, 1.7 and 1.6 for $$\bar S$$ , $$\bar F$$ and $$\bar I$$ respectively, the corresponding values for NO3 ions being 5.0, 4.5 and 4.6. For both ions, $$\bar S$$ , $$\bar F$$ and $$\bar I$$ changed with time as did their temperature dependence over the range 3–25°C, suggesting that rates of ontogenetic development and the extent of adaptation to temperature may have varied among treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02198112
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monocrotophos-Induced Mass Mortality of Swainson's Hawks in Argentina, 1995–96 (1999)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 8 (1999), S. 201-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Keywords: Swainson's hawks ; mortality ; monocrotophos ; agriculture ; Argentina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Swainson's hawks (Buteo swainsoni) were observed in the grasslands (pampas) of Argentina during the austral summer of 1995–96. Widespread agrochemical use to control insects had a profound effect on flocks of hawks foraging on grasshoppers and caterpillars throughout the pampas. We describe 19 mortality incidents and an estimated 5,095 dead hawks. Forensic analysis indicated that the organophosphate insecticide monocrotophos was responsible for the deaths at six separate sites, accounting for over 4,000 of the mortalities. Brain cholinesterase was lethally inhibited (〉95%) and monocrotophos residues (n=31/45, mean=0.20 ppm, range 0.05–1.08 ppm) were found in the contents of the gastrointestinal tract. No other insecticide residues were found. Sample analyses, combined with interviews with farmers, indicated that monocrotophos was responsible for deaths at 17 of 19 mortality incidents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026496331396
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