ALBERT

Description: Herbs or shrubs, sometimes parasitic, usually with twining stems, occasionally prostrate or creeping, or erect, very rarely trees, often with milky juice. Leaves mostly spirally arranged, in parasitic species absent or nearly so, usually petioled; petiole sometimes with extra-floral nectaries. Stipules absent, pseudostipules (leaves of axillary shoot) rarely present. Inflorescences mostly cymose, one- to many-flowered, with mostly opposite or subopposite bracts at the base of the cymes or under the solitary flowers; rarely racemose. Flowers generally hermaphrodite, actinomorphic, rarely slightly zygomorphic, usually 5-merous, rarely 4-merous, various in size and colour, often showy. Sepals usually free, imbricate, with quincuncial aestivation, often persistent, sometimes accrescent in fruit. Corolla sympetalous, of various shapes, often funnel-shaped or campanulate, more rarely rotate, salver-shaped or urceolate; the limb nearly entire or more or less deeply lobed, often contorted-plicate in bud, or valvate or induplicate-valvate. Stamens isomerous, alternating with the corolla-lobes, adnate to the corolla, with usually slender, often filiform filaments and introrse or laterally and longitudinally dehiscing anthers. Pollen smooth or spinulose. Disk mostly present, annular or cupular. Ovary superior, mostly of 2 carpels, 2- or 1-celled, sometimes 4-celled by development of accessory partitions, rarely of 3 carpels and 3-celled; ovules 2 in each carpel, sessile, erect, anatropous. Style 1, often filiform, simple or forked, or 2 free styles, rarely very short or absent. Stigma entire or 2-lobed, rarely 3-lobed, or stigmas 2-4, of various shape, globular or ellipsoid to filiform, sometimes applanate, rarely peltate, kidney-shaped, conical or funnel-shaped. Fruit a capsule dehiscing by valves or circumscissile or irregularly dehiscing, rarely a berry or nut-like. Seeds as many as ovules or fewer; endosperm cartilaginous; cotyledons generally folded, sometimes obscure or absent. Distr. Ca 55 genera, with ca 1650 spp., widely distributed in the tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of both hemispheres; the greater part of the species in the tropics and subtropics of America and Asia. The larger genera Cuscuta (ca 165 spp.), Convolvulus (ca 250 spp.) and Ipomoea (ca 500 spp.) nearly throughout the range of the family but Convolvulus more in the temperate parts and Ipomoea more in the tropics and subtropics. Other large genera as Evolvulus (ca 100 spp.) and Jacquemontia (ca 120 spp.) nearly confined to America. Argyreia (ca 90 spp.) confined to tropical Asia. Malaysia, and a single sp. in Australia, and Merremia (ca 80 spp.) circumtropical. Several monotypic or small genera in E. Africa, Madagascar, and Australia.

Description: Trees, shrubs, lianas or perennial herbs. Leaves spirally arranged, opposite in one species only (Madagascar). Blade simple or, rarely, (only in Acrotrema) to threefold pinnatisect. Stipules absent, but in Acrotrema and a number of species of Dillenia petiole with stipule-like, often wholly or partly caducous wings. Inflorescence cymose or racemose, sometimes reduced to a single flower, terminal or axillary. Flowers ♀♂, actinomorphic to (mainly in the androecium) zygomorphic, hypogynous, mostly yellow or white. Sepals (3-) 4-5 (-20), imbricate, persistent in fruit. Petals (2-) 3-5 (-7), caducous usually within half a day after opening of the flower, imbricate in bud, all equal, apex rounded or emarginate. Stamens ~-3, often partly staminodial, free or partly coherent by their filaments, centrifugal. Anthercells basifix, oblong to linear, opening with an apical pore or a longitudinal slit. Carpels 1-±20, free or connate along the central axis only, with free styles. Ovules ~-1, anatropous, apotropous, on an axile placenta. Fruit dehiscent or indehiscent, in the latter case permanently enclosed by the sepals. Seeds arillate or with a rudimentary aril, with abundant endosperm and a minute, straight embryo. Distr. Ca 10 genera, of which one circumtropical (Tetracera), 3 confined to tropical S. America, one in the Old World tropics from Madagascar to the Fiji Islands (Dillenia), one endemic in Ceylon (Schumacheria), one in S. India, Ceylon, and the Malay Peninsula (Acrotrema, fig. 5), one endemic in Borneo (Didesmandra), one endemic in Australia ( (Pachynema), and one on the southern hemisphere from Madagascar to the Fiji Islands, mainly in Australia (Hibbertia, fig. 3). Many species are relatively limited in distribution, none is distributed throughout Malaysia.

Description: This family, mostly found on the southern hemisphere, comprises 26 genera of which 10 occur in Malesia: Acsmithia (4 species), Aistopetalum (2), Ceratopetalum (1), Gillbeea (1), Opocunonia (1), Pullea (2), Schizomeria (8), Spiraeanthemum (1), Spiraeopsis (6), Weinmannia (17). The general part of the treatment covers over 33 pages and includes paragraphs on palaeobotany and leaf morphology by R.W. Barnes (Hobart), pollen morphology by J. Muller† (Leiden), wood anatomy by P. Baas (Leiden) and phytochemistry by R. Hegnauer (Leiden). The family, genera, and species are described and annotated. There are keys to the genera and species.

Description: The flora of the higher mountains of New Guinea has been the object of several extensive collecting trips in the past forty years. Until quite recently, however, a serious gap in our knowledge was the very scanty information available from the area between Mount Wilhelmina in the West and Mount Sarawaket and Mount Albert Edward in the East. Recently Mount Wilhelm, the highest mountain in this area and also the highest mountain in the Eastern half of the island, was visited on several occasions when botanical collections were made. The following collections are the most extensive ones and these are the only ones studied for this paper: In medio July, 1956 R. Pullen and myself spent ten days on the mountain with a camp near Lake Aunde as our base. In end July—early August, 1956 J.S. Womersley collected in the same area and some more collections were made in August, 1957 by R. G. Robbins. On these three occasions the mountain was approached from the East from Keglsugl in the Upper Chimbu Valley, along the valley locally known as Pindaunde. Alpine grassland comes down in this and other valleys to an altitude of ca 11000 feet (ca 3300 m), but on the steeper slopes and on the ridges the forest and shrubbery does not disappear until about 12500 feet (ca 3750 m). Pindaude, which down to 11000 feet (3300 m) is clearly of glacial origin, has a flat, ill-drained valley floor with peaty grassland, and fairly steep, locally rocky, lateral slopes which are covered with a subalpine forest, towards higher altitudes changing into alpine shrubbery. This shrubbery becomes patchy higher up and finally disappears at ca 12300 feet (ca 3690 m). Above that altitude, individual shrubs occur up to ca 12800 feet (ca 3840 m).

Description: Erycibe beccariana Hoogl. sp. nov. — Frutex scandens, ramulis junioribus sparsim stellato-hirsutis, adultioribus glabrescentibus cortice rimis longitudinalibus fisso. Folia elliptica ad elliptico-oblonga, 9—13 X 4— 71/2 cm, apice breviter acuminata, basi rotundata vel minute cordata, supra glabra, subtus sparsim stellato-hirsuta, glabrescentia; petiolus 8—13 mm longus. Inflorescentiae axillares, paniculatae, c. 6—12-florae, 1—2 cm longae, stellato-hirsutae, bracteis minutis, caducis. Flores pedicello 2— 4 mm longo bracteolis 2 minutis, caducis. Sepala 2 exteriora transversoovalia, c. 2.5 X 3 mm, 2 interiora transverso-elliptica, c. 2.7 X 4.5 mm, extus stellato-hirsuta, intus glabra. Corolla c. 8.5 mm longa; areae mesopetalinae c. 4 X 3 mm, adpresso-hirsutae pilis praesertim 4—6-ramosis; lobuli c. 3.6 mm longi, 3 mm lati, margine undulati. Stamina c. 1.1 mm supra corollae basin inserta,, filamento 1.6 mm longo, basi c. 0.6 mm lato, anthera c. 2.3 mm longa, 1 mm lata, 0.8 mm crassa, apice acuminata acumine sterili c. 0.6 mm longo, basi subcordata. Ovarium ellipsoideum, c. 1.1 mm longum, 1.8 mm diam., glabrum; stigma conicum, c. 1 mm altum, 1.8 mm diam., radiatim 10-carinatum carinis 5 maioribus 5 minoribus alternantibus. Types: Beccari P.P. 91, holotype in FI; paratype: Beccari P.P. 532 (FI). New Guinea.

Description: Since the publication of the Revision of the Genus Dillenia (Blumea 7, 1952, pp. 1—145) a number of additional collections have come to my notice. As is to be expected, the most interesting ones are from Eastern Malaysia, where the genus has developed a high degree of diversity and where the number of collections is still relatively small.

Description: The present paper is an extension of my revision of the Malaysian species of the genus Dillenia L. (Wormia Rottb. included) inserted in the revision of the Dilleniaceae in the Flora Malesiana ser. I, vol. 4, part 3, pp. 141—174, published in December 1951. A critical revision of the whole genus has never been published before; the unfortunate result of this has been that the delimitation of Dillenia and Wormia, usually as distinct genera, has been based on different characters by various authors. The extension of the revision for the Flora Malesiana so as to include the extra-malaysian species enabled me to study a number of species, the knowledge of which certainly confirmed me in my idea that the characters on which Dillenia and Wormia had been separated before are certainly not the primary characters, to be used in the taxonomic treatment of the genus. All specimens and literature mentioned in this work have been examined by me, unless indicated otherwise; excepted are the specimens of the U.S. National Herbarium., of which I have only examined those collections, of which no duplicates were available from other herbaria. Particulars, not to be taken from the herbarium specimens themselves, such as habit, height, diameter, colour, etc., have been taken from the collectors’ notes and, as far as reliable, from the literature, and are inserted in the descriptions; if there are contradictory data, they are discussed under the Notes.

Description: In this paper I intend to give a review of the genus Erycibe Roxb. in. which all the names published in the genus will be accounted for. The representatives from Malaysia have been dealt with more extensively in the revision of the genus in Flora Malesiana, Ser. I, Vol. 4, 4th instalment, 1953, pp. 404—431. — Technical descriptions of new taxa have been published in another paper in Blumea 7, 1953, pp. 310—319. In the present paper the literature will be published more extensively than in Flora Malesiana; besides I have included citation of all type specimens. The extra-Malaysian species have been studied less extensively than the Malaysian ones, but as I have seen nearly all the types, some notes are inserted which will be, I hope, useful for future study of the genus. Particularly the specimens from the Indian Peninsula need closer study.

Description: The present paper is an extension of my revision of the Malaysian species of the genus Dillenia L. (Wormia Rottb. included) inserted in the revision of the Dilleniaceae in the Flora Malesiana ser. I, vol. 4, part 3, pp. 141\xe2\x80\x94174, published in December 1951. A critical revision of the whole genus has never been published before; the unfortunate result of this has been that the delimitation of Dillenia and Wormia, usually as distinct genera, has been based on different characters by various authors. The extension of the revision for the Flora Malesiana so as to include the extra-malaysian species enabled me to study a number of species, the knowledge of which certainly confirmed me in my idea that the characters on which Dillenia and Wormia had been separated before are certainly not the primary characters, to be used in the taxonomic treatment of the genus.\nAll specimens and literature mentioned in this work have been examined by me, unless indicated otherwise; excepted are the specimens of the U.S. National Herbarium., of which I have only examined those collections, of which no duplicates were available from other herbaria. Particulars, not to be taken from the herbarium specimens themselves, such as habit, height, diameter, colour, etc., have been taken from the collectors\xe2\x80\x99 notes and, as far as reliable, from the literature, and are inserted in the descriptions; if there are contradictory data, they are discussed under the Notes.

Description: A survey is given of the species of these genera: 1 Caldcluvia is a genus of 11 species and includes the formerly accepted genera Ackama, Spiraeopsis, Betchea, Stollaea, and Opocunonia. Ten new combinations are proposed to accommodate the species transferred from these genera. 2. The number of species recognised in Pullea is reduced to three; a new variety is described. 3. The new genus Acsmithia is segregated from Spiraeanthemum and comprises 13 species formerly included there and one new species. 4. Spiraeanthemum in its reduced circumscription now contains six species, of which one is described here as new and one is accepted to include two subspecies.