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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arctic-Antarctic disjunctions in the benthic seaweeds Acrosiphonia arcta (Chlorophyta) and Desmarestia viridis/willii (Phaeophyta) are of recent origin (1993)
    Springer
    Marine biology 115 (1993), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two examples of the most extreme biogeographic disjunctions in benthic marine algae are found in Acrosiphonia arcta (Chlorophyta) and Desmarestia viridis/willii (Phaeophyta). Both species are members of the Arctic and Antarctic boreal and subboreal marine floras. Although both genera have temperate species, neither genus has subtropical or tropical representative. Comparisons of the fast-evolving ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer regions among isolates in each of the two species collected from both hemispheres showed an unexpected near sequence identity suggesting that these biogeographic disjunctions are of recent origin, possibly as recent as the last Pleistocene glacial maximum (18000 yr ago). Paleoclimatic explanations that rely on a much earlier transequatorial passage of cold-adapted species through a narrowed and cooler tropical belt during the Oligocene/Miocene (38 to 7 Ma ago) are unlikely. We hypothesize that despite the separated evolutionary histories of the northern and southern hemisphere coldwater marine floras, deep-water dispersal of microthalli has occurred and probably occurs on a regular basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349835
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular divergence between North Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific Cladophora albida (Cladophorales: Chlorophyta) isolates as indicated by DNA-DNA hybridization (1989)
    Springer
    Marine biology 102 (1989), S. 307-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genomic relationships between North Atlantic, Australian and Japanese isolates of the benthic seaweed Cladophora albida (Huds.) Kütz. were examined in 1987 by means of DNA-DNA hybridization. The data indicate that C. albida can be divided into a North Atlantic and an Indo-West Pacific group with an intergroup hybridization response of 25 to 30% and 5.5° to 6.0°C for hybridization percentage and ΔT me the melting temperature reduction of hybridized sequences, respectively. This level of genome divergence is considerably higher than that observed in most other eukaryotes. The separation between the two C. albida groups presumably dates back to the closure of the Asian part of the Tethys Ocean, about 12 million years ago. The data also indicate that transatlantic C. albida populations have a greater genetic inter-relatedness than have Japanese and Australian populations. In C. albida there is no clear correlation between molecular evolution and the evolution of morphological traits. C. albida and C. rupestris (L.) Kütz have hardly any DNA sequences in common.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428482
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decreased renal clearance of digoxin in chronic congestive heart failure (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 249-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: digoxin ; renal digoxin clearance ; renal function ; chronic congestive heart failure ; atrial fibrillation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Renal digoxin clearance was compared in patients suffering from atrial fibrillation with well preserved cardiac function (n=9; salt intake ±170 mmol daily) and patients with chronic congestive heart failure (n=10; salt intake 50 mmol daily and maintenance treatment with diuretics). There was no difference between the groups concering digoxin dosage, creatinine clearance, diuresis or sodium excretion in the urine. Digoxin clearance in chronic heart failure proved to be significantly lower than in atrial fibrillation (48±21 vs 71±36 ml·min−1, p〈0.05), and Cdig/Ccreat was similarly reduced at 0.73±0.15 compared to 1.09±0.27 (p〈0.005). Steady state serum digoxin concentration was significantly higher in patients with congestive heart failure (1.44±0.47 vs 0.87±0.33 µg·l−1, p〈0.01). Chronic congestive heart failure is a state with reduced digoxin clearance by the kidney, which could lead to digoxin intoxication not explicable by overdose, reduced renal function or the effect of interacting drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543318
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal clearance of digoxin in man after sodium loading or furosemide treatment (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 375-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: digoxin ; renal clearance ; natriuresis ; sodium loading ; sodium depletion ; furosemide ; diuretic effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the influence of different types of natriuresis on the renal clearance of digoxin (Cldig) and the Cldig/Clcr ratio, studies were performed in which sodium-depleted patients were placed on a moderately high sodium diet for 6 days. In another group natriuresis was evoked by furosemide. In the first study, in 10 patients, there was a 10-fold increase in Na excretion and a small rise in diuresis (V) and Clcr, which was accompanied by an increase in Cldig from 57.5±32, and 60.7±27.3 (duplicate measurements) to 103.9±55.4 (p〈0.01) and 103.8±46.5 ml min−1 (p〈0.01). Cldig/Clcr rose from 0.60±0.24 and 0.61±0.16 to 0.91±0.31 and 0.91±0.21, respectively (bothp〈0.005). Serum digoxin concentration declined from 1.24±0.35 and 1.19±0.40 to 1.02±0.35 and 0.97±0.32 µg/l (bothp〈0.01) during the high sodium diet. In the furosemide — induced natriuresis (6 patients), changes in Na excretion and V were a multiple of those caused by Na loading, but the Cldig/Clcr ratio was not increased. The results are in accordance with the concept of digoxin backdiffusion in the proximal tubules, which is dependent on proximal Na reabsorption. In the more distal segments of the nephron, where the action of furosemide occurs, there does not appear to be any transtubular movement of digoxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01037951
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Cladophora Complex (Chlorophyta): New Views Based on 185 rRNA Gene Sequences
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 3 (1994), S. 365-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1055-7903
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1994.1043
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contamination of a well in a uniform background flow (1992)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 6 (1992), S. 191-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Hydrodynamic dispersion ; Fokker-Planck equation ; backward equation ; boundary layer ; complex potential function ; fraction of contaminated particles that enter a well
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we describe the transport of pollution in groundwater in the neighbourhood of a well in a uniform background flow. We compute the rate at which contaminated particles reach the well as a function of the place of the source of pollution. The motion of a particle in a dispersive flow is seen as a random walk process. The Fokker-Planck equation for the random motion of a particle is transformed using the complex potential for the advective flow field. The resulting equation is solved asymptotically after a stretching transformation. Finally, the analytical solution is compared with results from Monte Carlo simulations with the random walk model. The method can be extended to arbitrary flow fields. Then by a numerical coordinate transformation the analytical results can still be employed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581450
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foreword (1984)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 38 (1984), S. 225-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997482
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    World-wide latitudinal and longitudinal seaweed distribution patterns and their possible causes, as illustrated by the distribution of Rhodophytan genera (1984)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 38 (1984), S. 227-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The degree of similarity between red algal generic floras in each pair of 22 climatically defined biogeographic regions was established on a world-wide scale by Jaccard's similarity index and by an hierarchical clustering with an agglomerative centroid method. Two clusterings were carried out, the first one on the basis of all 637 genera, and the second one on the basis of genera not occurring in the tropics and non-endemic to any one of the 22 regioms (145 genera). This latter clustering served to detect better the relationships among non-tropical floras. The results indicate the following division of the earth's rhodophytan seaweed floras: (1) A rich tropical-warm temperate "Tethyan" group including the rich tropical Indo W Pacific and W Atlantic floras, and the rich warm temperate NW Pacific and NE Atlantic floras; (2) the depauperate extensions of the above group (the tropical E Pacific and E Atlantic floras, and the warm temperate NW and SW Atlantic floras); (3) a cold temperate and a warm temperate N Pacific group; (4) an Arctic-cold temperate N Atlantic group and a NE Atlantic warm temperate flora; (5) an Antarctic-cold temperate southern hemisphere group including the cold temperate SE Pacific, SW Atlantic, SE Atlantic floras, and the Antarctic flora; (6) the two highly individual, but slightly related warm temperate SE Atlantic flora (S. Africa) and SW Pacific flora (Southern Australia and Northern New Zealand); (7) the depauperate warm temperate SE Pacific flora. Although the northern and southern hemisphere temperate and polar floras are quite unrelated (on the basis of genera lacking in the tropics), they share nonetheless a number of cool water genera which apparently have succeeded in passing the adverse tropical belt. The rich tropical-warm temperate group is thought to consist of vicariant portions of a formerly continuous Tethyan flora. The N Pacific and N Atlantic temperate floras are thought to have developed independently since the Oligocene (~ 40.106 y) deterioration of the climate and to have partially mixed their cool water genera only after the Pliocene inundation (2.106 y) of the Bering Land Bridge. The warm-temperate floras of S Africa and southern Australia probably owe their richness and individuality to a very long isolation (already at the start of the Cenozoicum) and a continued residence in warm temperate conditions with small seasonal fluctuations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997483
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature, light, and photoperiod responses of some Northeast American and West European endemic rhodophytes in relation to their geographic distribution (1984)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 38 (1984), S. 273-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between distributional boundaries and temperature responses of some Northeast American and West European endemic and amphiatlantic rhodophytes was experimentally determined under varying regimes of temperature, light, and daylength. Potentially critical temperatures, derived from open ocean surface summer and winter isotherms, were inferred from distributional data for each of these algae. On the basis of the distributional data the algae fall within the limits of three phytogeographic groups: (1) the Northeast American tropical-to-temperate group; (2) the warm-temperate Mediterranean Atlantic group; and (3) the amphiatlantic tropical-to-warm temperate group. Experimental evidence suggests that the species belonging to the northeast American tropical-to-temperate group(Grinnellia americana, Lomentaria baileyana, andAgardhiella subulata) have their northern boundaries determined by a minimum summer temperature high enough for sufficient growth and/or reproduction. The possible restriction of 2 species (G. americana andL. baileyana) to the tropical margins may be caused by summer lethal temperatures (between 30 and 35 °C) or because the gradual disintegration of the upright thalli at high temperatures (〉30 °C) promotes an ephemeral existence of these algae towards their southern boundaries. Each of the species have a rapid growth and reproductive potential between 15–30 °C with a broad optimum between 20–30 °C. The lower limit of survival of each species was at least 0 °C (tested in short days only). Growth and reproduction data imply that the restrictive distribution of these algae to the Americas may be due to the fact that for adequate growth and/or reproduction water temperatures must exceed 20 °C. At temperatures ≦15 °C reproduction and growth are limited, and the amphiatlantic distribution through Iceland would not be permitted. On the basis of experimental evidence, the species belonging to the warm-temperate Mediterranean Atlantic group(Halurus equisetifolius), Callophyllis laciniata, andHypoglossum woodwardii), have their northern boundaries determined by winter lethal temperatures. Growth ofH. equisetifolius proceeded from 10–25 °C, that ofC. laciniata andH. woodwardii from 5–25 °C, in each case with a narrow range for optimal growth at ca. 15 °C. Tetrasporelings ofH. woodwardii showed limited survival at 0 °C for up to 4 d. For all members of the group tetrasporangia occurred from 10–20 °C. The southern boundary ofH. equisetifolius andC. laciniata is a summer lethal temperature whereas that ofH. woodwardii possibly is a winter growth and reproduction limit. Since each member of this group has a rather narrow growth and survival potential at temperatures 〈5 °C and 〉20 °C, their occurrence in northeast America is unlikely. The (irregular) distribution ofSolieria tenera (amphiatlantic tropical-to-warm temperate) cannot be entirely explained by the experimental data (possibly as a result of taxonomic uncertainties).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997485
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature responses of some North AtlanticCladophora species (Chlorophyceae) in relation to their geographic distribution (1984)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 38 (1984), S. 349-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The temperature responses for growth and survival have been experimentally tested for 6 species of the green algal genusCladophora (Chlorophyceae; Cladophorales) (all isolated from Roscoff, Brittany, France, one also from Connecticut, USA), selected from 4 distribution groups, in order to determine which phase in the annual temperature regime might prevent the spread of a species beyond its present latitudinal range on the N. Atlantic coasts. For five species geographic limits could be specifically defined as due to a growth limit in the growing season or to a lethal limit in the adverse season. These species were: (1)C. coelothrix (Amphiatlantic tropical to warm temperate), with a northern boundary on the European coasts formed by a summer growth limit near the 12°C August isotherm. On the American coasts sea temperatures should allow its occurrence further north. (2)C. vagabunda (Amphiatlantic tropical to temperate), with a northern boundary formed by a summer growth limit near the 15°C August isotherm on both sides of the Atlantic. (3)C. dalmatica, as forC. vagabunda. (4)C. hutchinsiae (Mediterranean-Atlantic warm temperate), with a northern boundary formed by a summer growth limit near the 12°C August isotherm, and possibly also a winter lethal limit near the 6°C February isotherm; and a southern boundary formed by a southern lethal limit near the 26°C August isotherm. It is absent from the warm temperate American coast because its lethal limits, 5° and 30°C, are regularly reached there. (5) Preliminary data forC. rupestris (Amphiatlantic temperate), suggest the southeastern boundary on the African coast to be a summer lethal limit near the 26°C August isotherm; the southwestern boundary on the American coast lies on the 20°C August isotherm. For one species,C. albida, the experimental growth and survival range was wider than expected from its geographic distribution, and reasons to account for this are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027686
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