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  • 1
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    Retrieval and use of high-resolution moisture and stability fields from Nimbus 6 HIRS radiances in pre-convective situations (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A moisture-temperature retrieval scheme was developed for lower-tropospheric analysis and forecasting parameters from the Nimbus 6 High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder, in a study of convective development on the Great Plains of the U.S. on four case study days in August 1975. Dew points and temperatures, along with such secondary parameters as total precipitate water and static stability indices, were derived and analyzed at a horizontal resolution of up to 30 km on the four days. Convective development beginning 2.0-2.5 hours after the satellite pass at local noon was found to correlate well with local moisture and instability maxima seen in the satellite-derived analyses. A statistical structure analysis of the satellite-derived parameters gave the highest signal-to-noise values for the moisture and stability parameters, while the temperature parameters showed much lower signal-to-noise content.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review; 109; Aug. 198
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Deriving mesoscale temperature and moisture fields from satellite radiance measurements over the United States (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The ability to provide mesoscale temperature and moisture fields from operational satellite infrared sounding radiances over the United States is explored. High-resolution sounding information for mesoscale analysis and forecasting is shown to be obtainable in mostly clear areas. An iterative retrieval algorithm applied to NOAA-VTPR radiances uses a mean radiosonde sounding as a best initial-guess profile. Temperature soundings are then retrieved at a horizontal resolution of about 70 km, as is an indication of the precipitable water content of the vertical sounding columns. Derived temperature values may be biased in general by the initial-guess sounding or in certain areas by the cloud correction technique, but the resulting relative temperature changes across the field when not contaminated by clouds will be useful for mesoscale forecasting and models. The derived moisture, affected only by high clouds, proves to be reliable to within 0.5 cm of precipitable water and contains valuable horizontal information. Present-day applications from polar-orbiting satellites as well as possibilities from upcoming temperature and moisture sounders on geostationary satellites are noted.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 16; July 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Moisture convergence from a combined mesoscale moisture analysis and wind field for 24 April 1975 (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Precipitable water values inferred from the Vertical Temperature Profile Radiometer data of the polar orbiting NOAA-4 satellite are used in conjunction with wind-field analyses obtained from Synchronous Meteorological Satellite visible-channel data to study the moisture convergence in the boundary layer immediately preceding a storm. This combination of data simulates the information that will be available from the Visible and Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer on board the GOES-D satellite, which is scheduled to begin operation in the 1980s. Serviceable representations of boundary layer flow are developed through analysis of the satellite infrared cumulus velocities, although the flow representations are not exactly located in the vertical.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Severe Local Storms; Oct 18, 1977 - Oct 21, 1977; Omaha, NE
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Radiation measurements from polar and geosynchronous satellites (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The following topics are discussed: (1) cloud effects in climate determination; (2) annual variation in the global heat balance of the earth; (3) the accuracy of precipitation estimates made from passive microwave measurements from satellites; (4) seasonal oceanic precipitation frequencies; (5) determination of mesoscale temperature and moisture fields over land from satellite radiance measurements; and (6) Nimbus 6 scanning microwave spectrometer data evaluation for surface wind and pressure components in tropical storms.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-157220
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Mesoscale temperature and moisture fields from satellite infrared soundings (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The combined use of radiosonde and satellite infrared soundings can provide mesoscale temperature and moisture fields at the time of satellite coverage. Radiance data from the vertical temperature profile radiometer on NOAA polar-orbiting satellites can be used along with a radiosonde sounding as an initial guess in an iterative retrieval algorithm. The mesoscale temperature and moisture fields at local 9 - 10 a.m., which are produced by retrieving temperature profiles at each scan spot for the BTPR (every 70 km), can be used for analysis or as a forecasting tool for subsequent weather events during the day. The advantage of better horizontal resolution of satellite soundings can be coupled with the radiosonde temperature and moisture profile both as a best initial guess profile and as a means of eliminating problems due to the limited vertical resolution of satellite soundings.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-148993 , ASP-249 , COSPAR Symp. on Meteorological Observations from Space; Jun 01, 1976
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Numerical simulation of VTPR temperature retrievals in a severe storm environment (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Environmental conditions prior to convective development on the Great Plains of the U.S. on one case study day were investigated using the high-resolution infrared radiation sounder (HIRS) on Nimbus 6. A dual-retrieval scheme was developed to retrieve both lower tropospheric moisture and temperature parameters from the HIRS radiances. Total precipitable water, surface dew point temperatures, and stability indices were analyzed at a resolution of up to 30 Km on this day. Correlations with interpolated NES rawinsonde values were high and intrinsic noise levels were low. The true quality of the mesoscale analyses, however, is only seen by examining the small scale features at a scale of approximately 100 Km. Perturbations on the dry line feature for this day were seen in the satellite data, although the dry line position was just as easily picked up by surface observations. Convective development 2 1/2 hours later did seem to correlate well with the local maxima of moisture and instability seen in the satellite analyses.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-158761
    Format: application/pdf
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