ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

Electronic Resource

Behavior of carbon monoxide as a trace component of anaerobic digester gases and methanogenesis from acetate (1990)

Hickey, Robert F. ; Switzenbaum, Michael S.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Environmental science & technology 24 (1990), S. 1642-1648

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ISSN: 1520-5851

Source: ACS Legacy Archives

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00081a003

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2

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Energetics and regulations of formate and hydrogen metabolism by Methanobacterium formicicum (1993)

Wu, Wei-Min ; Hickey, Robert F. ; Jain, Mahendra K. ; [et al.]

Springer

Archives of microbiology 159 (1993), S. 57-65

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ISSN: 1432-072X

Keywords: Methanobacterium formicicum ; Formate metabolism ; Methanogenesis from formate ; Methanogenesis from H2 ; H2 metabolism

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Accumulation of formate to millimolar levels was observed during the growth of Methanobacterium formicicum species on H2−CO2. Hydrogen was also produced during formate metabolism by M. formicicum. The amount of formate accumulated in the medium or the amount H2 released in gas phase was influenced by the bicarbonate concentration. The formate hydrogenlyase system was constitutive but regulated by formate. When methanogenesis was inhibited by addition of 2-bromoethane sulfonate, M. formicicum synthesized formate from H2 plus HCO inf3 sup- or produced H2 from formate to a steady-state level at which point the Gibbs free energy (ΔG′) available for formate synthesis or H2 production was approximately -2 to -3 kJ/reaction. Formate conversion to methane was inhibited in the presence of high H2 pressure. The relative rates of conversion of formate and H2 were apparently controlled by the ΔG′ available for formate synthesis, hydrogen production, methane production from formate and methane production from H2. Results from 14C-tracer tests indicated that a rapid isotopic exchange between HCOO- and HCO inf3 sup- occurred during the growth of M. formicicum on H2−CO2. Data from metabolism of 14C-labelled formate to methane suggested that formate was initially split to H2 and HCO inf3 sup- and then subsequently converted to methane. When molybdate was replaced with tungstate in the growth media, the growth of M. formicicum strain MF on H2−CO2 was inhibited although production of methane was not Formate synthesis from H2 was also inhibited.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00244265

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3

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Comparison of rod- versus filament-type methanogenic granules: microbial population and reactor performance (1993)

Wu, Wei-Min ; Thiele, Jürgen H. ; Jain, Mahendra K. ; [et al.]

Springer

Applied microbiology and biotechnology 39 (1993), S. 795-803

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ISSN: 1432-0614

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Abstract Two types of methanogenic granules capable of high chemical oxygen demand removal rates were developed in laboratory-scale upflow reactors at 35° C. One granule type (R-granules) had a rod-type Methanothrix-like species as the predominant species whereas the other (F-granules) had a filament-type M. soehngenii-like acetate-utilizer as the predominant species. These two types of granules were compared in terms of operational performance, physical-chemical characteristics and microbial population. The R-granules had a higher density [65–70 vs 39–43 g suspended solids (SS)/l], specific gravity (1.03 vs 1.01) and specific volumetric methane production rate (180 vs 120 l CH4/l granules per day) than the F-granules. Acetate, propionate and butyrate degraders in both types of granules had similar specific growth rates. The most probable number enumeration indicated that both types of granule had the same population levels (cells/g SS) in terms of methanogens (H2-CO2-, formate- and acetate-utilizing) and syntrophic acetogens. Hydrolytic-fermentative bacteria were present in greater number in the F-granules than in the R-granules. The R-granules had a higher cell density than the F-granules. The differences in operational performance were due mainly to their different microbial composition, especially the predominant acetate-utilizing methanogens in the granules. The long-filamentous M. soehngenii-like rods in the F-granules appeared to be responsible for their lower density and large-sized granules.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164469

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4

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Perturbation of syntrophic isobutyrate and butyrate degradation with formate and hydrogen (1996)

Wu, Wei-Min ; Jain, Mahendra K. ; Hickey, Robert F. ; [et al.]

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Biotechnology and Bioengineering 52 (1996), S. 404-411

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ISSN: 0006-3592

Keywords: anaerobic digestion ; isobutyrate ; butyrate ; isomerization ; hydrogen ; formate ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: The effect of formate and hydrogen on isomerization and syntrophic degradation of butyrate and isobutyrate was investigated using a defined methanogenic culture, consisting of syntrophic isobutyrate-butyrate degrader strain IB, Methanobacterium formicicum strain T1N, and Methanosarcina mazeii strain T18. Formate and hydrogen were used to perturb syntrophic butyrate and isobutyrate degradation by the culture. The reversible isomerization between isobutyrate and butyrate was inhibited by the addition of either formate or hydrogen, indicating that the isomerization was coupled with syntrophic butyrate degradation for the culture studied. Energetic analysis indicates that the direction of isomerization between isobutyrate and butyrate is controlled by the ratio between the two acids, and the most thermodynamically favorable condition for the degradation of butyrate or isobutyrate in conjunction with the isomerization is at almost equal concentrations of isobutyrate and butyrate. The degradation of isobutyrate and butyrate was completely inhibited in the presence of a high hydrogen partial pressure (〉2000 Pa) or a measurable level of formate (10 μM or higher). Significant formate (more than 1 mM) was detected during the perturbation with hydrogen (17 to 40 kPa). Resumption of butyrate and isobutyrate degradation was related to the removal of formate. Energetic analysis supported that formate was another electron carrier, besides hydrogen, during syntrophic isobutyrate-butyrate degradation by this culture. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Additional Material: 5 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

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5

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Mass transfer and temperature effects on substrate utilization in brewery granules (1995)

Wu, May M. ; Criddle, Craig S. ; Hickey, Robert F.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 465-475

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ISSN: 0006-3592

Keywords: anaerobic granules ; mass transfer ; temperature effect ; kinetics ; acetate ; propionate ; ethanol ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Liquid film and diffusional resistances of brewery granules during acetate, propionate, and ethanol utilization were investigated. Substrate utilization rate increased with decreased granule size. Effectiveness factors for acetate, propionate, and ethanol were calculated by comparing the maximum rates of substrate utilization of whole granules (1.8 to 3.0 mm) and fine flocs (20 to 75 μm) derived by disrupting whole granules. For acetate, propionate, and ethanol, maximum specific substrate utilization rates (km′ g/g VS · d) for the flocs, were 5.11, 6.25, and 5.49, respectively, and half-velocity coefficients (Kg′ mM) were 0.45, 0.40, and 3.37, respectively. Calculated effectiveness factors were 0.32, 0.41, and 0.75 for acetate, propionate, and ethanol, respectively. The effect of temperature on substrate utilization was examined at 26°C, 31°C, and 37°C using acetate as sole carbon source. Utilization rates increased with temperature. Flocs were most sensitive to temperature, and whole granules were least affected. The behavior of flocs was well described by the Van't Hoff-Arrhenius equation. Effectiveness factors for acetate utilization by the granules were 0.36, 0.35, and 0.32 at 26°C, 31°C, and 37°C, respectively, indicating little effect of temperature. Based on these results, we conclude that both liquid film and diffusional resistances influenced the rate of substrate utilization in a UASB reactor with granular sludge. Temperature effects were much less important than diffusional limitations within the granules. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Additional Material: 11 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260460511

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6

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Degradation kinetics of pentachlorophenol by Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1990)

Lin, Jian-Er ; Wang, Henry Y. ; Hickey, Robert F.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Biotechnology and Bioengineering 35 (1990), S. 1125-1134

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ISSN: 0006-3592

Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: The extracellular enzymes and cell mass from the pregrown Phanerochaete chrysosporium cultures were used for the degradation of PCP. The use of both extracellular enzymes and cell mass resulted in extensive mineralization of PCP, while the action of only the crude extracellular enzymes led to the formation of a degradation intermediate (TCHD). A kinetic model, which describes the relationship among PCP degradation, initial PCP concentration, dosage of extracellular enzymes, and cell mass concentration, was developed. Based on this model, various effects of initial PCP concentration, dosage of extracellular enzymes, and cell mass concentration were evaluated experimentally. It was found that when initial PCP concentration is lower than 12 μmol/L, the model of a parallel-series first-order reaction is sufficient to describe the degradation process. PCP disappearance and mineralization were enhanced by increasing either the extracellular enzyme concentration or the cell mass concentration. As high as 70% of PCP mineralization could be obtained by using a higher dosage of extracellular enzymes and cell mass. Various parameters of the kinetic model were determined and the model was verified experimentally. Simulation using this model provided the criteria needed to choose rational dosages of extracellular enzymes and cell mass for the degradation of PCP. Data reported allow some insight into the function of the extracellular enzymes and cell mass of P. chrysosporium in degradation processes of toxic pollutants and assist in the design and evaluation of practical bioremediation methods.

Additional Material: 9 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260351108

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7

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Use of coimmobilized biological systems to degrade toxic organic compounds (1991)

Lin, Jian-Er ; Wang, Henry Y. ; Hickey, Robert F.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 273-279

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ISSN: 0006-3592

Keywords: coimmobilization ; Phanerochaete chrysosporium ; pentachlorophenol ; biodegradation ; adsorption ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: The concept of coimmobilizing cell mass (and/or enzyme) and adsorbent in a hydrogel matrix for biodegradation of toxic organic chemicals was introduced. Under defined experimental conditions, the coimmobilized system using activated carbon and Phanerochaete chrysosporium was compared with nonimmobilized systems for the degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP). It was demonstrated that the coimmobilized system degraded PCP more effectively than the nonimmobilized system. A solid substrate included in the coimmobilized system could support the biodegradation. Isolation of the degrading agents from a model interrupting microorganism by the coimmobilized capsule membrane reduced the interference on the biodegradation. In simulated contaminated soil extract and sand, the coimmobilized system also exhibited higher degradative ability and stability than the nonimmobilized systems.

Additional Material: 6 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380309

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