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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-453X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Numerische Analyse von Verformungsversuchen in geklüfteten Fels — Lösungen mittels „Kluft-Perturbation“ und „No Tension Analysis“ auf Grund der Methode der Finiten Elemente Der Entwurf von Bauwerken in oder auf Fels erfordert eine genaue Kenntnis des Formänderungsverhaltens der Felsmasse. Im allgemeinen basiert die Interpretation der Ergebnisse von Feldversuchen auf den Lösungen des zugehörigen Randwertproblems der linearen Elastostatik mittels klassischer analytischer Methoden oder der Methode der Finiten Elemente. Wenn die Versuche aber in geklüftetem Fels durchgeführt werden, müssen die theoretischen Methoden modifiziert werden, da das Medium keine Zugspannungen aufnehmen kann. Zwei Fälle können unterschieden werden. Erstens: die Kluftflächen der Felsmasse können geometrisch erfaßt und ihre Oberflächeneigenschaften können bestimmt werden; in diesem Falle kann die Finite-Elemente-Lösung eine „Kluft-Perturbations“-Methode verwenden, in welcher spezielle „Kluft“-Elemente verschiedener Steifigkeiten normal und tangential zu den Kluftflächen die Bewegungen entlang derselben bestimmen. Zweitens: die Diskontinuitäten der Felsmasse können nicht hinreichend beschrieben werden; für diesen Fall ist vorgekehrt durch die Finite-Element-Analyse vom Typ der „Spannungsumlagerung“ unter Ausschaltung der Zugspannungen („No Tension Analysis“), um das globale Verhalten der geklüfteten Felsmasse zu erfassen. Die Lösungen dieser beiden Methoden wurden für den Fall der Bohrloch-Verformungs-Tests verglichen; der Vergleich zeigt ausgezeichnete Übereinstimmung, im Gegensatz zu den Lösungen als lineares Elastizitätsproblem.
    Abstract: Résumé La méthode des Eléments Finis appliquée aux résultats d'essais de vérins cylindriques dans les roches fissurées — solutions dites “Joint Pertubé” et “Sans Traction” La construction de structures sur ou dans des roches nécessite une connaissance approfendie de la déformabilité du massif rocheux. L'analyse des résultats d'essais en place se fait généralement à l'aide de solutions analytiques ou par Eléments Finis, qui supposent une élasticité linéaire du milieu. De fait, dans les roches fissurées, ces solutions sont inadéquates puisque le milieu ne peut résister aux sollicitations de traction. Il s'agit donc d'utiliser d'autres méthodes d'analyse. Lors qu'il est possible de déterminer la géométrie et les propriétés de toutes les discontinuités, l'on pourra utiliser une solution par Eléments Finis, dite “Joint Perturbé” dans laquelle la rigidité de surface du joint (ou fissure) peut varier lorsque des movements prennent place au niveau du joint. Si cela est impossible, il faudra utiliser une approche globale dite “Sans Traction” qui redistribue les contraintes de traction et les dissipe. On compare ces deux types de solutions dans le cas des essais de vérins cylindriques unidirectionnels. Leurs résultats sont identiques et ont nettement différents de ceux obtenus avec une solution élastique linéaire.
    Notes: Summary Numerical Analyses of Deformability Tests in Jointed Rock — “Joint Perturbation” and “No Tension” Finite Element Solutions Sound design of structures in or upon rock requires a thorough knowledge of the rock mass deformability. Field test data interpretation has generally relied upon analytical or Finite Element linear elastic solutions. However, when testing in jointed rock, these can no longer be readily used since the medium cannot resist the tension induced upon loading. Accordingly, other solutions are required. If the discontinuities of the rock mass can all be mapped and their surface properties determined, the Finite Element model will use a “Joint Perturbation” solution where the “joint” elements have variable stiffnesses to account for movements along the fractures. If the discontinuities cannot be satisfactorily mapped, a global approach is provided by a “No Tension” analysis of the “stress transfer” type. The two techniques are compared in the case of bore hole jack deformability tests and found to agree remarkably well, indicating an appreciable difference from results of linear elasticity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rock mechanics and rock engineering 12 (1980), S. 167-192 
    ISSN: 1434-453X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Maβstabeffekte bei der Bestimmung mechanischer Eigenschaften von Fels Ein eingehendes Literaturstudium wurde durchgeführt, um den Maßstabeffekt auf die Festigkeits- und Verformbarkeitsmessungen im Fels zu untersuchen. Es werden Resultate von Plattendruckversuchen, Druckversuchen und mehreren Verformungsversuchen aufgeführt. Die in-situ gemessene Festigkeit ist im allgemeinen ein Bruchteil derjenigen, die bei Laborversuchen festgestellt wird. Die Verformbarkeiten in-situ betragen meistens 20 bis 60 Prozent der im Labor erhaltenen Werte. Alle Resultate zeigen, daß mehr In-situ-Versuche notwendig sind. Der Autor macht dazu einige Vorschläge.
    Abstract: Résumé L'effet d'échelle dans les mesures de propriétés mécaniques des massifs rocheux. On a fait une recherche bibliographique détaillée, pour étudier l'effet d'échelle sur les mesures de résistance et de déformabilité des masses rocheuses. On présente des résultats concernant les essais de résistance à la plaque, les essais de compression, et plusieurs types d'essais de déformabilité en place. Les résistances mesurées in-situ sont généralement une fraction de celles mesurées au laboratoire. Les déformabilités mesurées en place sont généralement entre 20 et 60 pour cent des valeurs au laboratoire. Tous les résultats que l'on a examiné indiquent la nécessité d'effectuer plus d'essais en place. L'auteur offre un certain nombre de suggestions.
    Notes: Summary Scale Effects in the Determination of Rock Mass Strength and Deformability An extensive literature search was conducted, to investigate the effect of the scale of testing on the measurement of strength and stiffness of rock masses. The results are presented for bearing capacity tests, compression tests, and several types of deformability tests. Field strength values are generally several times smaller than laboratory values. Field moduli generally appear to be between 20 per cent to 60 per cent of laboratory measured moduli. All strength and deformability results reviewed point to the great need for more field tests. Specific suggestions are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geotechnical and geological engineering 1 (1983), S. 3-25 
    ISSN: 1573-1529
    Keywords: Pillar mining ; rock instrumentation ; rock quality ; rock deformation ; finite element analysis ; in situ stresses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Summary This paper summarizes the geomechanics programmes conducted in two hard rock underground mining operations in the Western United States between 1966 and 1981. The two projects were directed towards understanding the behaviour of the rock masses at the scale of the caverns. To this end, the emphasis was put on large-scale field measurements, complemented by limited laboratory testing. The results of these observations were used to build realistic finite element models of the underground chambers. In the marble mine, at Crestmore, California, the models were applied to the structural optimization of the room-and-pillar pattern. In the granite mine, at Climax, Nevada Test Site, the models explained some unusual stress changes observed during excavation. Based on the large number of geomechanical techniques employed, specific conclusions and recommendations are offered regarding the quality, applicability and usefulness of the various methods. The two case histories indicate clearly that numerical models are extremely useful for a detailed understanding of the structural behaviour of mine openings. To be realistic, these models must be based first and foremost on large-scale field observations. The lessons learned on these two projects are also directly applicable to the design and analysis of nuclear waste repositories in hard rocks such as basalt, granite and welded tuff.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 4 (1980), S. 25-43 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: A finite element model for the prediction of discrete fracture propagation in rock structures loaded in compression is presented. The model integrates any one of three theories for mixed-mode fracture initiation; it contains an energy balance algorithm for predicting crack increment length, and incorporates recent developments in finite element stress-intensity factor computation. The predictions of the model are compared with the observed fracture response of a real rock structure. Results show that the model accurately predicts both stable and unstable fracture progagations observed experimentally.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1983-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0960-3182
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1529
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1997-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0267-7261
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-341X
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1980-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0363-9061
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-9853
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0733-9410
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8368
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
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